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Functional Neuroimaging and the Logic of Conscious and Unconscious Mental Processes

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Neural Correlates of Thinking

Part of the book series: On Thinking ((ONTHINKING,volume 1))

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Abstract

With the advent of positron emission tomography, or PET, cognitive neuroscience research has been equipped with a unique research tool. At present, PET is the most versatile neuroimaging research tool, as it is capable of the quantitative mapping of physiological and biochemical parameters of the living human brain. With the help of PET one can map the active neuronal populations during cognitive processes and thereby decipher the logic of “brain activation”. This deciphering has, however, its stipulations due to the spatial and temporal constraints of the technique. During sensory, motor or higher cognitive processes, networks of cortical neuronal populations are active in the human brain. These networks consist of a modality-dependent “core network” which is complemented by “recruited fields”, the latter being task- or stimulus-dependent. The very same cortical populations may participate in the processing and analysis of various information content (convergence), whereas the processing and analysis of different contents may engage different cortical fields, cortical macronetworks (divergence). Visual paradigms have widely been used to explore the neuronal correlates of conscious and non-conscious visual information processing. A wide variety of paradigms have been tested using PET and the underlying cortical macronetworks have been identified. Whereas the neuronal correlates of conscious and non-conscious visual processes can be identified at the macronetwork level with PET, the “neuronal correlates of consciousness” still remain a conundrum.

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  1. Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychiatry Section, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden

    Balázs Gulyás

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  1. Parmenides Center for the Study of Thinking, Parmenides Foundation, Kardinal Faulhaber Str. 14a, 80333, Munich, Germany

    Ernst Pöppel , Eduard Kraft  & Ernst Pöppel ,  & 

  2. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Neuropsychology Unit, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Marchioninistr.15, 81337, Munich, Germany

    Eduard Kraft

  3. Psychiatry Section Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, S-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden

    Balázs Gulyás

  4. Human Science Center, Ludwig Maximilian University, Goethestr.31, 80336, Munich

    Ernst Pöppel  & Ernst Pöppel  & 

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Gulyás, B. (2009). Functional Neuroimaging and the Logic of Conscious and Unconscious Mental Processes. In: Kraft, E., Gulyás, B., Pöppel, E. (eds) Neural Correlates of Thinking. On Thinking, vol 1. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68044-4_10

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