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Modelling Nitrogen and Phosphorus Cycling in Agricultural Systems at Field and Regional Scales

  • Chapter
Nutrient Cycling in Terrestrial Ecosystems

Part of the book series: Soil Biology ((SOILBIOL,volume 10))

Abstract

Models evolve together with the evolution of our notion and perception of reality. Models can be narratives, graphical or mathematical descriptions, or computer simulations. More than two millennia ago, Chinese and Greek philosophers already had the notion that the environment was composed of the interacting elements earth, air, water, life and metals, but the complex relationships between these factors could only be understood after the birth of modern chemistry, at the end of the eighteenth century. The chemist Justus von Liebig (1803–1873) played an important role in unravelling how plants acquire nutrients from soil, air and water, but other chemists and microbiologists in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries also contributed to improving the understanding of nutrient cycling processes (Smil 2001). Since that time, numerous (long-term) field experiments have been carried out to test Liebig’s mineral theory and its modifications. For over a century and a half, dose-response experiments have addressed one or more of the following five basic questions (Van Noordwijk 1999): (1) to what extent do nutrients limit crop yield and quality?; (2) what is the quantity of nutrients supplied by the soil?; (3) what constitutes an effective fertiliser?; (4) how much fertiliser should be applied?; and (5) what are the environmental consequences of fertiliser use?

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  1. Soil Science Centre Alterra, P.O. BOX 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    Peter de Willigen, Oene Oenema & Wim de Vries

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  1. Peter de Willigen
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  1. Soil and Land Systems, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Adelaide, DP 636, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia

    Petra Marschner

  2. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, M087 School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia

    Zdenko Rengel

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de Willigen, P., Oenema, O., de Vries, W. (2007). Modelling Nitrogen and Phosphorus Cycling in Agricultural Systems at Field and Regional Scales. In: Marschner, P., Rengel, Z. (eds) Nutrient Cycling in Terrestrial Ecosystems. Soil Biology, vol 10. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68027-7_13

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