Abstract
The intent of screening is to reduce mortality by detecting a cancer in its curable stage — i.e., before it has become locally invasive, and, more important, before lymphatic or hematogeneous spread has occurred. Metastases may develop at any stage of a tumor, even when it is still occult, but the probability of spread increases as the tumor grows, for very simple reasons (Table 3.1.1). First, the more time elapses, and the more cells a tumor contains, the higher is statistically the chance that metastasis occurs. Second, due to their genetic instability, tumor cells tend to de-differentiate with time, and become more aggressive. Third, angiogenesis occurs during tumor growth and is a prerequisite for invasion and metastatic spread. Note that, although rarely, even large tumors may not have caused distant metastases.
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Delorme, S., van Kaick, G. (2008). Pathology. In: Reiser, M.F., van Kaick, G., Fink, C., Schoenberg, S.O. (eds) Screening and Preventive Diagnosis with Radiological Imaging. Medical Radiology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-49831-5_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-49831-5_3
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