Skip to main content

Bladder Trauma

  • Chapter
Emergencies in Urology
  • 2893 Accesses

Abstract

Traumatic injury to the bladder is relatively uncommon in adults as well as children. However, the incidence of blunt trauma is rising as a result of modern transportation preferences and increasing reliance on motor vehicles that travel at higher speeds in parallel with advances in engine and mobile parts technology. Therefore, the incidence of intraabdominal and bladder injuries can be expected to rise as well (Espinoza and Rodriguez 1997; Dobrowolski et al. 2002; McGahan et al. 2005). Also, domestic or professional accidents and violence of any sort, including terrorist activities, may contribute to the increasing frequency of intraabdominal and related bladder injury.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abou-Jaoude WA et al (1996) Indicators of genitourinary tract injury or anomaly in cases of pediatric blunt trauma. J Pediatr Surg 31:86; discussion 90

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Adams JE et al (2002) Analysis of the incidence of pelvic trauma in fatal automobile accidents. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 23:132

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Agostini A et al (2006) Immediate complications of tension-free vaginal tape (TVT): results of a French Survey. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 124:237

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aihara R et al (2002) Fracture locations influence the likelihood of rectal and lower urinary tract injuries in patients sustaining pelvic fractures. J Trauma 52:205; discussion 208

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Andersson L (1980) Antifibrinolytic therapy in genitourinary tract surgery. J Clin Pathol Suppl (R Coll Pathol) 14:60

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous (1996) Fracture and dislocation compendium. Orthopaedic Trauma Association Committee for Coding and Classification. J Orthop Trauma 10[Suppl 1]:v, 1

    Google Scholar 

  • Armenakas NA et al (2004) Iatrogenic bladder perforations: longterm followup of 65 patients. J Am Coll Surg 198:78

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Azam U et al (2001) The tension-free vaginal tape procedure in women with previous failed stress incontinence surgery. J Urol 166:554

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baka AG et al (2002) Current use and perceived utility of ultrasound for evaluation of pediatric compared with adult trauma patients. Pediatr Emerg Care 18:163

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baniel J, Schein M (1994) The management of penetrating trauma to the urinary tract. J Am Coll Surg 178:417

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ben-Menachem Y (1988) Pelvic fractures: diagnostic and therapeutic angiography. Instr Course Lect 37:139

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ben-Menachem Y et al (1991) Hemorrhage associated with pelvic fractures: causes, diagnosis, and emergent management. AJR Am J Roentgenol 157:1005

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bigongiari LR et al (2000) Trauma to the bladder and urethra. American College of Radiology. ACR Appropriateness Criteria. Radiology 215:733

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bircher M, Giannoudis PV (2004) Pelvic trauma management within the UK: a reflection of a failing trauma service. Injury 35:2

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bond SJ et al (1991) Predictors of abdominal injury in children with pelvic fracture. J Trauma 31:1169

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brenneman FD et al (1997) Long-term outcomes in open pelvic fractures. J Trauma 42:773

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carlin BI, Resnick MI (1995) Indications and techniques for urologic evaluation of the trauma patient with suspected urologic injury. Semin Urol 13:9

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carroll PR, McAninch JW (1984) Major bladder trauma: mechanisms of injury and a unified method of diagnosis and repair. J Urol 132:254

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cass AS (1984) False negative retrograde cystography with bladder rupture owing to external trauma. J Trauma 24:168

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cass AS (1989) Diagnostic studies in bladder rupture. Indications and techniques. Urol Clin North Am 16:267

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cass AS, Luxenberg M (1987) Features of 164 bladder ruptures. J Urol 138:743

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cass AS, Luxenberg M (1989) Management of extraperitoneal ruptures of bladder caused by external trauma. Urology 33:179

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clancy TV et al (2001) A statewide analysis of level I and II trauma centers for patients with major injuries. J Trauma 51:346

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coppola PT, Coppola M (2000) Emergency department evaluation and treatment of pelvic fractures. Emerg Med Clin North Am 18:1

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Daly JW, Higgins KA (1988) Injury to the ureter during gynecologic surgical procedures. Surg Gynecol Obstet 167:19

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davis JD (1999) Management of injuries to the urinary and gastrointestinal tract during cesarean section. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 26:469

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deck AJ et al (2000) Computerized tomography cystography for the diagnosis of traumatic bladder rupture. JUrol 164:43

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deck AJ et al (2001) Current experience with computed tomographic cystography and blunt trauma. World J Surg 25:1592

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Delorme E (2001) Transobturator urethral suspension: miniinvasive procedure in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women. Prog Urol 11:1306

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Demetriades D et al (2002) Pelvic fractures: epidemiology and predictors of associated abdominal injuries and outcomes. J Am Coll Surg 195:1

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dobrowolski ZF et al (2002) External and iatrogenic trauma of the urinary bladder: a survey in Poland. BJU Int 89:755

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dreitlein DA et al (2001) Genitourinary trauma. Emerg Med Clin North Am 19:569

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duncan AO et al (1989) Management of transpelvic gunshot wounds. J Trauma 29:1335

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dunn CJ, Goa KL (1999) Tranexamic acid: a review of its use in surgery and other indications. Drugs 57:1005

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eastridge BJ, Burgess AR (1997) Pedestrian pelvic fractures:5-year experience of a major urban trauma center. J Trauma 42:695

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Espinoza R, Rodriguez A (1997) Traumatic and nontraumatic perforation of hollow viscera. Surg Clin North Am 77:1291

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Failinger MS, McGanity PL (1992) Unstable fractures of the pelvic ring. J Bone Joint Surg Am 74:781

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fallon B et al (1984) Urological injury and assessment in patients with fractured pelvis. J Urol 131:712

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fernandez L et al (1998) Ultrasound in blunt abdominal trauma. J Trauma 45:841

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ferrera PC, Hill DA (1999) Good outcomes of open pelvic fractures. Injury 30:187

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Flancbaum L et al (1988) Blunt bladder trauma: manifestation of severe injury. Urology 31:220

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fuhrman GM et al (1993) The single indication for cystography in blunt trauma. Am Surg 59:335

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gilmour DT et al (1999) Lower urinary tract injury during gynecologic surgery and its detection by intraoperative cystoscopy. Obstet Gynecol 94:883

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gokcen EC et al (1994) Pelvic fracture mechanism of injury in vehicular trauma patients. J Trauma 36:789; discussion 795

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gomez RG et al (2004) Consensus statement on bladder injuries. BJU Int 94:27

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Harkki-Siren P et al (1998) Urinary tract injuries after hysterectomy. Obstet Gynecol 92:113

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harris RL et al (1997) The value of intraoperative cystoscopy in urogynecologic and reconstructive pelvic surgery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 177:1367; discussion 1369

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hedlund PO (1969) Antifibrinolytic therapy with Cyklokapron in connection with prostatectomy. A double blind study. Scand J Urol Nephrol 3:177

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hedlund PO (1975) Postoperative venous thrombosis in benign prostatic disease. A study of 316 patients, using the 125I-fibrinogen uptake test. Scand J Urol Nephrol 27[Suppl]:1

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Holmes JF et al (2001) Emergency department ultrasonography in the evaluation of hypotensive and normotensive children with blunt abdominal trauma. J Pediatr Surg 36:968

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horstman WG et al (1991) Comparison of computed tomography and conventional cystography for detection of traumatic bladder rupture. Urol Radiol 12:188

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Inaba K et al (2004) The increasing incidence of severe pelvic injury in motor vehicle collisions. Injury 35:759

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ismail N et al (1996) Death from pelvic fracture: children are different. J Pediatr Surg 31:82

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones AE et al (2003) Sonographic intraperitoneal fluid in patients with pelvic fracture: two cases of traumatic intraperitoneal bladder rupture. J Emerg Med 25:373

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Khan RM et al (2004) A survey of urinary bladder injuries in Abbottabad. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 16:47

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koraitim MM et al (1996) Risk factors and mechanism of urethral injury in pelvic fractures. Br J Urol 77:876

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuuva N, Nilsson CG (2002) A nationwide analysis of complications associated with the tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) procedure. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 81:72

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Loo GT et al (1996) Airbag protection versus compartment intrusion effect determines the pattern of injuries in multiple trauma motor vehicle crashes. J Trauma 41:935

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Madiba TE, Haffejee AA (1999) Causes and outcome of bladder injuries in Durban. East Afr Med J 76:676

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Makinen J et al (2001) Morbidity of 10 110 hysterectomies by type of approach. Hum Reprod 16:1473

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Makoha FW et al (2004) Multiple cesarean section morbidity. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 87:227

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Makoha FW et al (2005) Choice of abdominal incision and risk of trauma to the urinary bladder and bowel in multiple cesarean sections. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol

    Google Scholar 

  • Matalon TS, Athanasoulis CA et al (1979) Hemorrhage with pelvic fractures: efficacy of transcatheter embolization. AJR Am J Roentgenol 133:859

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McConnell JD et al (1982) Rupture of the bladder. Urol Clin North Am 9:293

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McGahan PJ et al (2005) Ultrasound detection of blunt urological trauma: a 6-year study. Injury 36:762

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mee SL et al (1987) Computerized tomography in bladder rupture: diagnostic limitations. J Urol 137:207

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mendez LE (2001) Iatrogenic injuries in gynecologic cancer surgery. Surg Clin North Am 81:897

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meschia M et al (2001) Tension-Free vaginal tape: analysis of outcomes and complications in 404 stress incontinent women. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 12[Suppl 2]: S24

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miller RA, May MW et al (1980) The prevention of secondary haemorrhage after prostatectomy: the value of antifibrinolytic therapy. Br J Urol 52:26

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Minaglia S et al (2004) Bladder injury during transobturator sling. Urology 64:376

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moore EE et al (1992) Organ injury scaling. III: Chest wall, abdominal vascular, ureter, bladder, and urethra. J Trauma 33:337

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morey AF (2005) Sonographic intraperitoneal fluid in patients with pelvic fracture: two cases of traumatic intraperitoneal bladder rupture. J Urol 174:2264

    Google Scholar 

  • Morey AF et al (1999) Reconstructive surgery for trauma of the lower urinary tract. Urol Clin North Am 26:49

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morey AF et al (2001) Bladder rupture after blunt trauma: guidelines for diagnostic imaging. J Trauma 51:683

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan DE et al (2000) CT cystography: radiographic and clinical predictors of bladder rupture. AJR Am J Roentgenol 174:89

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Muir L et al (1996) The epidemiology of pelvic fractures in the Mersey Region. Injury 27:199

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murshidi MS (1988) Intraperitoneal rupture of the urinary bladder during transurethral resection of transitional cell carcinoma. Acta Urol Belg 56:68

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Musemeche CA et al (1987) Selective management of pediatric pelvic fractures: a conservative approach. J Pediatr Surg 22:538

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nunes LW et al (2001) Diagnostic performance of trauma US in identifying abdominal or pelvic free fluid and serious abdominal or pelvic injury. Acad Radiol 8:128

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ochsner MG Jr et al (1989) Pelvic fracture as an indicator of increased risk of thoracic aortic rupture. J Trauma 29:1376

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Olsson I, Kroon U (1999) A three-year postoperative evaluation of tension-free vaginal tape. Gynecol Obstet Invest 48:267

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ostrzenski A, Ostrzenska KM (1998) Bladder injury during laparoscopic surgery. Obstet Gynecol Surv 53:175

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Poole GV et al (1991) Pelvic fracture from major blunt trauma. Outcome is determined by associated injuries. Ann Surg 213:532; discussion 538

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Poole GV et al (1992) Complications of pelvic fractures from blunt trauma. Am Surg 58:225

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reed MH (1976) Pelvic fractures in children. J Can Assoc Radiol 27:255

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rehm CG et al (1991) Blunt traumatic bladder rupture: the role of retrograde cystogram. Ann Emerg Med 20:845

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reichard SA et al (1980) Pelvic fractures in children-review of 120 patients with a new look at general management. J Pediatr Surg 15:727

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rowe SA et al (2004) Pelvic ring fractures: implications of vehicle design, crash type, and occupant characteristics. Surgery 136:842

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sagalowsky AI, Peters PC (1998) Genitourinary trauma. In: Walsh PC, Retik AB, Vaughn ED, Wein AJ (eds) Campbell’s urology, 7th edn. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, p 3116

    Google Scholar 

  • Sandler CM et al (1981) Radiology of the bladder and urethra in blunt pelvic trauma. Radiol Clin North Am 19:195

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sandler CM et al (1986) Bladder injury in blunt pelvic trauma. Radiology 158:633

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sandler CM et al (1998) Lower urinary tract trauma. World J Urol 16:69

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schneider RE (1993) Genitourinary trauma. Emerg Med Clin North Am 11:137

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Selikowitz SM (1977) Penetrating high-velocity genitourinary injuries. Part II: Ureteral, lower tract, and genital wounds. Urology 9:493

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Siegel JH et al (1993) Safety belt restraints and compartment intrusions in frontal and lateral motor vehicle crashes: mechanisms of injuries, complications, and acute care costs. J Trauma 34:736; discussion 758

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Siegmeth A et al (2000) Associated injuries in severe pelvic trauma. Unfallchirurg 103:572

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Skolarikos A et al (2005) Does the management of bladder perforation during transurethral resection of superficial bladder tumors predispose to extravesical tumor recurrence? J Urol 173:1908

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Soudack M et al (2004) Experience with focused abdominal sonography for trauma (FAST) in 313 pediatric patients. J Clin Ultrasound 32:53

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Soulie M et al (2001) The tension-free transvaginal tape procedure in the treatment of female urinary stress incontinence: a French prospective multicentre study. Eur Urol 39:709; discussion 715

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stine RJ et al (1988) Diagnostic and therapeutic urologic procedures. Emerg Med Clin North Am 6:547

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tamussino KF et al (2001) Tension-free vaginal tape operation: results of the Austrian registry. Obstet Gynecol 98:732

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tarman GJ et al (2002) Lower genitourinary injury and pelvic fractures in pediatric patients. Urology 59:123; discussion 126

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tiguert R et al (2000) Management of shotgun injuries to the pelvis and lower genitourinary system. Urology 55:193

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tile M (1988) Pelvic ring fractures: should they be fixed? J Bone Joint Surg Br 70:1

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tile M (1996) Acute pelvic fractures: I causation and classification. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 4:143

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tile M (1999) The management of unstable injuries of the pelvic ring. J Bone Joint Surg Br 81:941

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Torode I, Zieg D (1985) Pelvic fractures in children. J Pediatr Orthop 5:76

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ulmsten U (2001) An introduction to tension-free vaginal tape (TVT)-a new surgical procedure for treatment of female urinary incontinence. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 12[Suppl 2]:S3

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vaccaro JP, Brody JM (2000) CT cystography in the evaluation of major bladder trauma. Radiographics 20:1373

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vakili B et al (2005) The incidence of urinary tract injury during hysterectomy: a prospective analysis based on universal cystoscopy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 192:1599

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Velmahos GC, Degiannis E (1997) The management of urinary tract injuries after gunshot wounds of the anterior and posterior abdomen. Injury 28:535

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Volpe MA et al (1999) Is there a difference in outcome when treating traumatic intraperitoneal bladder rupture with or without a suprapubic tube? J Urol 161:1103

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Von Kuenssberg Jehle D et al (2003) Sensitivity in detecting free intraperitoneal fluid with the pelvic views of the FAST exam. Am J Emerg Med 21:476

    Google Scholar 

  • Wah TM, Spencer JA (2001) The role of CT in the management of adult urinary tract trauma. Clin Radiol 56:268

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weber S et al (1987) Transurethral prostatectomy complicated by intraperitoneal extravasation of irrigating fluid. Can J Anaesth 34:193

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Werkman HA et al (1991) Urinary tract injuries in multiply-injured patients: a rational guideline for the initial assessment. Injury 22:471

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wolk DJ et al (1985) Extraperitoneal bladder rupture without pelvic fracture. J Urol 134:1199

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wong YC, Wang LJ et al (2000) Mortality after successful transcatheter arterial embolization in patients with unstable pelvic fractures: rate of blood transfusion as a predictive factor. J Trauma 49:71

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshii H et al (1998) Usefulness and limitations of ultrasonography in the initial evaluation of blunt abdominal trauma. J Trauma 45:45; discussion 50

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yossepowitch O et al (2004) Urological injuries during cesarean section: intraoperative diagnosis and management. J Urol 172:196

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Young JW, Resnik CS (1990) Fracture of the pelvis: current concepts of classification. AJR Am J Roentgenol 155:1169

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Young JW et al (1986) Lateral compression fractures of the pelvis: the importance of plain radiographs in the diagnosis and surgical management. Skeletal Radiol 15:103

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zacharias SR et al (1999) Damage control surgery. AACN Clin Issues 10:95; quiz 141

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2007 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Türkeri, N.L. (2007). Bladder Trauma. In: Hohenfellner, M., Santucci, R.A. (eds) Emergencies in Urology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-48605-3_20

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-48605-3_20

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-48603-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-48605-3

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics