Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Pyramidal Quantum Dots Grown by Organometallic Chemical Vapor Deposition on Patterned Substrates

  • Chapter
Lateral Aligment of Epitaxial Quantum Dots

Part of the book series: Nano Science and Technolgy ((NANO))

  • 925 Accesses

Abstract

Summary. The formation mechanisms, structure, luminescence characteristics and potential optoelectronic applications of (In)GaAs/(Al)GaAs pyramidal quantum dots (QDs) grown by organometallic chemical vapor deposition on patterned (111)B GaAs substrates are reviewed. These QDs self-form at the tip of etched inverted pyramids due to the interplay of growth rate anisotropy, strain, capillarity and entropy of mixing affects. As such, their position on the substrate can be perfectly determined via lithography in the pre-growth patterning step, and this without compromising their interface quality. Moreover, these dots grow connected to a system of low-dimensional barriers, particularly quantum wires (QWRs) and quantum wells (QWs), which can promote carrier collection and capture into the dots. Cathodoluminescence, photoluminescence and electroluminescence studies reveal efficient light emission from the dots with record low inhomogeneous broadening (well below 10meV). Moreover, the emission energy of the dots can be tuned by adjusting their composition, the growth conditions, and the pattern on the substrate. The emission spectra also reveal distinct and reproducible transitions from confined, neutral and multiple-charged, exciton states. Correlated photon spectroscopy was used to observe single photon emission and cascade emission of correlated photon pairs from different excitonic states confined at the dots and for studying the dynamics of exciton charging and recombination. Preferential carrier injection into a single pyramidal QD via a self-ordered connected QWR is also demonstrated.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. D. Bouwmeester, A. Ekert and A. Zelinger, The Physics of Quantum Information Processing (Springer, Berlin, 2000).

    Google Scholar 

  2. L.P. Kouwenhoven, D.G. Austing and S. Tarucha, Rep. Prog. Phys. 64, 701–736 (2001).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. A.P. Alivastos, Science 271, 933 (1996); C.B. Murray, C.R. Kagan, M.G. Bawendi, Science 270, 1335 (1995).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. D. Leonard, M. Krishnamurty, C.M. Reaves, S.P. Denbaars, and P.M. Petroff, Appl. Phys. Lett. 63, 3203 (1993); I.N. Stranski and L. Krastanow, AMA Arch. Ophthalmol. 146, 797 (1937).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. H. Lee, J.A. Johnson, M.Y. He, J.S. Speck and P.M. Petroff, Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 105 (2001); D. Schuh, J. Bauer, E. Uccelli, R. Schulz, A. Kress, F. Hofbauer, J.J. Finley, G. Abstreiter, Physica E 26, 72 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. S. Kohmoto, H. Nakamura, T. Ishikawa, and K. Asakawa, Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 3488 (1999); T. Yang, S. Kohmoto, H. Nakamura, and K. Asakawa, J. Appl. Phys. 93, 1190 (2003); H. Heidemeyer, U. Denker, C. Muller and O.G. Schmidt Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 196103 (2003).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. L. Samuelson, C. Thelander, M.T. Bjork, M. Borgstrom, K. Deppert, K.A. Dick, A.E. Hansen, T. Martensson, N. Panev, A.I. Persson, W. Seifert, N. Skold, M. W Larsson and L.R. Wallenberg, Physica E 25, 313 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. E. Kapon, M.C. Tamargo and D.M. Hwang, Appl. Phys. Lett. 50, 347 (1987).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. E.M. Clausen, Jr., E. Kapon, M.C. Tamargo and D.M. Hwang, Appl. Phys. Lett. 56, 776 (1990).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. E. Kapon, D.M. Hwang and R. Bhat, Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 430 (1989).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. A. Hartmann, Y. Ducommun, K. Leifer, and E. Kapon, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 11, 5901 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. C. Herring, in Physics of Powder Metallurgy, W.E. Kingston, Ed. (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1951), p. 143.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Q. Xie, A. Madhukar, P. Chen and N.P. Kobayashi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 2542 (1995).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. G. Biasiol and E. Kapon, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 2962 (1998); G. Biasiol, A. Gustafsson, K. Leifer and E. Kapon, Phys. Rev. B 65, 205306 (2002).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. G. Biasiol and E. Kapon, J. Crystal Growth 201/202, 62 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Q. Zhu, E. Pelucchi and E. Kapon (unpublished).

    Google Scholar 

  17. P. Hawrylak, Phys. Rev. B 60, 5597 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. E. Kapon, G. Biasiol, D.M. Hwang, M. Walther and E. Colas, Solid State Electronics 40, 815 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. E. Pelucchi, S. Watanabe, K. Leifer, B. Dwir and E. Kapon, Physica E 23, 476 (2004).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. S. Watanabe, E. Pelucchi, B. Dwir, M. Baier, K. Leifer, and E. Kapon, Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 2907 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. F. Reinhardt, B. Dwir, G. Biasiol and E. Kapon, Appl. Surf. Sci. 104, 529 (1996).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. A. Hartmann, Y. Ducommun, L. Loubies, K. Leifer and E. Kapon, Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 2322 (1998); A. Hartmann, L. Loubies, F. Reinhardt, A. Gustafsson, A. Sadeghi and E, Kapon, Appl. Surf. Sci. 123/124, 329 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. K. Leifer, et al., to be published.

    Google Scholar 

  24. G. Biasiol, F. Reinhardt, A. Gustafsson, E. Martinet and E. Kapon, Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 2710 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. E. Martinet, A. Gustafsson, G. Biasiol, F. Reinhardt, E. Kapon and K. Leifer, Phys. Rev. B 56, R7096 (1997).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. M. Walther, E. Kapon, J. Christen, D.M. Hwang and R. Bhat, Appl. Phys. Lett. 60, 521 (1992).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. E. Kapon, E. Pelucchi, S. Watanabe, A. Malko, M.H. Baier, K. Leifer, B. Dwir, F. Michelini and M.-A. Dupertuis, Physica E 25, 288 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. F. Michelini, M.A. Dupertuis, and E. Kapon, Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 4086 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. B. Alloing, C. Zinoni, V. Zwiller, L.H. Li, C. Monat, M. Gobet, G. Buchs, A. Fiore, E. Pelucchi and E. Kapon, Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 101908 (2005).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. D. Park, C.R.K. Marrian, D. Gammon, R. Bass, P. Isaacson, and E. Snow, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 16, 3891 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. M.H. Baier, “Correlated Photon Emission from Pyramidal Quantum Dot Heterostructures”, Ph.D. thesis No. 3246, EPFL (2005).

    Google Scholar 

  32. Y. Ducommun, “Semiconductor Quantum Dots Grown in Inverted Pyramids”, Ph.D. thesis No. 2379, EPFL (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  33. E. Kapon, M. Walther, J. Christen, M. Grundmann, C. Caneau, D.M. Hwang, E. Colas, R. Bhat, G.H. Song and D. Bimberg, Superlattices and Microstructures 12, 491 (1992).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. E. Kapon, E. Pelucchi, S. Watanabe, A. Malko, M.H. Baier, K. Leifer, B. Dwir, F. Michelini and M.-A. Dupertuis, Physica E 25, 288 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. I.N. Stranski, and L. Krastanow, Sitzungsberichte, Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse IIb, 146, 797, (1937); D. Leonard, M. Krishnamurthy, C.M. Reaves, S.P. Denbaars, and P.M. Petroff, Appl. Phys. Lett. 63, 3203 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  36. G. Biasiol, Y. Ducommun, A. Rudra, A. Gustafsson and E. Kapon, Phys. Rev. B 57, R9416 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. M. Baier, S. Watanabe, E. Pelucchi and E. Kapon, Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 1943 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. S. Watanabe, E. Pelucchi, B. Dwir, M. Baier, K. Leifer, and E. Kapon, Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 2907 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. S. Fafard and C. Nì. Allen, Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 2374 (1999); N. Perret, D. Morris, L. Franchomme-Fossé, R. Côté, S. Fafard, V. Aimez and J. Beauvais, Phys. Rev. B 62, 5092 (2000); J.J. Dubowski, C. Nì. Allen, and S. Fafard, Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 3583 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. E.C. Le Ru, P. Howe, T.S. Jones, and R. Murray, Phys. Rev. B 67, 165303 (2003); Tao Yang, Jun Tatebayashi, Shiro Tsukamoto, Masao Nishioka, and Yasuhiko Arakawa, Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 2817 (2004); V. Celibert, E. Tranvouez, G. Guillot, C. Bru-Chevallier, L. Grenouillet, P. Duvaut, P. Gilet, P. Ballet and A. Million, J. Cryst. Growth 275, e2313 (2005); Zetian Mi and Pallab Bhattacharya, J. Appl. Phys. 98, 023510 (2005); B. Alloing, A. Fiore et al., unpublished.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Jun Tatebayashi, Masao Nishioka, and Yasuhiko Arakawa, Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 3469 (2001); Z.Y. Zhang, B. Xu, P. Jin, X.Q. Meng, Ch.M. Li, X.L. Ye, and Z.G. Wang, J. Appl. Phys. 92, 511 (2002); Y.Q. Wei, S.M. Wang, F. Ferdos, J. Vukusic, A. Larsson, Q.X. Zhao, and M. Sadeghi, Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 1621 (2002); B. Alloing, A. Fiore et al., unpublished.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. K. Leifer, E. Pelucchi, S. Watanabe, B. Dwir and E. Kapon, unpublished.

    Google Scholar 

  43. A. Rastelli, S. Stufler, A. Schliwa, R. Songmuang, C. Manzano, G. Costantini, K. Kern, A. Zrenner, D. Bimberg, and O.G. Schmidt, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 166104 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. L. Besombes, K. Kheng, L. Marshal and H. Mariette, Phys. Rev. B 63, 155307(2001).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. J.M. Gerard, B. Sermage, B. Gayral, B. Legrand, E. Costard, and V. Thierry-Mieg, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 1110 (1998), G.S. Solomon, M. Pelton, and Y. Yamamoto, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 3903 (2001).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. E. Pelucchi, S. Watanabe, K. Leifer, B. Dwir and E. Kapon, Physica E 23, 476-481 (2004).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. S. Watanabe, E. Pelucchi, K. Leifer, A. Malkin, B. Dwir and E. Kapon, Appl. Phys. Lett., 86, 243105 (2005).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. J.D. Joannopoulos, R.D. Meade, and J.N. Winn, Photonic Crystals, (Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1995).

    Google Scholar 

  49. T. Yoshie, A. Scherer, J. Hendrickson, G. Khitrova, H.M. Gibbs, G. Rupper, C. Ell, O.B. Shchekin and D.G. Deppe, Nature 432, 200 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. E. Pelucchi et al., unpublished.

    Google Scholar 

  51. For recent reviews, see M. Henini and M. Bugajski, Microelectronics J. 36, 950 (2005); S. Fathpour, Z. Mi and P. Bhattacharya, J. Phys D-Appl. Phys. 38 (13): 2103 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. D. Fattal, K. Inoue, J. Vuckovic, C. Santori, G.S. Salomon, and Y. Yamamoto, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 037903 (2004).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. N. Gisin, G. Ribordy, W. Tittel, and H. Zbinden, Reviews of Mod. Physics 74, 145 (2002).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. M.H. Baier, C. Constantin, E. Pelucchi, and E. Kapon, Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 1967 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. H. Weman, E. Martinet, A. Rudra and E. Kapon, Appl. Phys. Lett. 63, 2959 (1998); H. Weman, L. Sirigu, K.F. Karlsson, K. Leifer, A. Rudra and E. Kapon, Appl. Phys. Lett. 81 2839 (2002).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. M.H. Baier et al., to be published.

    Google Scholar 

  57. M.A. Lampert, Phys. Rev. Lett. 1, 450 (1958).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. D. Loss and D.P. DiVincenzo, Phys. Rev. A 57, 120 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. A. Kiraz, M. Atatüre, and A. Imamoglu, Phys. Rev. A 69, 032305 (2004).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. A. Hartmann, Y. Ducommun, E. Kapon, U. Hohenester, and E. Molinari, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 5648 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. A. Hartmann, Y. Ducommun, M. Bachtold and E. Kapon, Physica E 7, 461 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. D.V. Regelman, E. Dekel, D. Gershoni, and E. Ehrenfreund; A.J. Williamsson, J. Shumway, A. Zunger, W.V. Schoenfeld, and P.M. Petroff, Phys. Rev. B 64, 165301 (2001).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. A. Barenco and M.A. Dupertuis, Phys. Rev. B 52, 2766 (1995); L. Jacak, P. Hawrylak, and A. Wojs, Quantum Dots (Springer, Berlin, 1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. R.J. Warburton, C. Schaflein, D. Haft, F. Bickel, A. Lorke, K. Karrai, J.M. Garcia, W. Schoenfeld and P.M. Petroff, Nature 405, 926 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. A. Hartmann, Y. Ducommun, M. Bachtold and E. Kapon, Physica E 7, 461 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. B. Lounis and W.E. Moerner, Nature 407, 491 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. P. Michler, A. Kiraz, C. Becher, W.V. Schoenfeld, P.M. Petroff, L. Zhang, E. Hu, and A. Imamoglu, Science 290, 2282; C. Santori, M. Pelton, G. Solomon, Y. Dale, Y. Yamamoto, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 1502 (2001); K. Sebald, P. Michler, T. Passow, D. Hommel, G. Bacher, and A. Forchel, Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 2920 (2002), V. Zwiller, H. Blom, O. Jonsson, N. Panev, S. Jeppesen, T. Tsegaye, E. Goobar, M.-E. Pistol, L. Samuelson, G. Björk, Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 2476. (2001).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. R.H. Brown and R.Q. Twiss, Nature 177, 27 (1956).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. R. Loudon, The Quantum Theory of Light (Oxford University Press, 2000).

    Google Scholar 

  70. M.H. Baier, E. Pelucchi, E. Kapon, S. Varoutsis, M. Gallart, I. Robert-Philip, and I. Abram, Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 648 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. E. Moreau, I. Robert, L. Manin, V. Thierry-Mieg, J.M. Gerard, and I. Abram, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 183601 (2001).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. A. Malko, M.H. Baier, E. Pelucchi, D. Chek-al-Kar, D.Y. Oberli and E. Kapon, Physica E 26, 194 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Z. Yuan, B.E. Kardynal, R.M. Stevenson, A.J. Shields, C.J. Lobo, K. Cooper, N.S. Beattie, D.A. Ritchie, M. Pepper, Science 295, 102 (2002).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. M.H. Baier et al., to be published.

    Google Scholar 

  75. P. Michler, A. Kiraz, Lidong Zhang, C. Becher, E. Hu, and A. Imamoglu, Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 184 (2000); E. Moreau, I. Robert, J.M. Gérard, I. Abram, L. Manin, and V. Thierry-Mieg, Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 2865 (2001); T. Yoshie, A. Sherer, J. Hendrickson, G. Khitrova, H.M. Gibbs, G. Rupper, C. Ell, O.B. Shchekin and D.G. Deppe, Nature 432, 200 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. H. Matsueda, K. Leosson, Z. Xu, J. Hvam, Y. Ducommun, A. Hartmann and E. Kapon, IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology 3, 318 (2004).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. A. Badolato, K. Hennessey, M. Atature, J. Dreiser, E. Hu, P.M. Petroff and A. Imamoglu, Science 308, 1158 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. J. Kim, S.L. Chuang, P.C. Ku, and C.J. Chang-Hasnain, J. Phys: Condens. Matter, 16, S3727 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2007 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

(2007). Pyramidal Quantum Dots Grown by Organometallic Chemical Vapor Deposition on Patterned Substrates. In: Lateral Aligment of Epitaxial Quantum Dots. Nano Science and Technolgy. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-46936-0_23

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation