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The Laser Plasma: Basic Phenomena and Laws

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High Power Laser-Matter Interaction

Part of the book series: Springer Tracts in Modern Physics ((STMP,volume 238))

Abstract

High power lasers when focused onto matter lead to extremely rapid ionization by direct photoeffect or, depending on wavelength and material, by multiphoton processes. When a sufficient number of free electrons is created the formation of a dense, highly ionized plasma is more efficiently continued by electron–neutrals and electron–ion impact ionization. In view of many important applications the generation of a homogeneous high density and, at the same time, very hot plasma would be most desirable. Unfortunately, at present high power lasers operate in the near infrared domain. As a consequence, direct interaction of the laser beam with matter is possible only below a limiting density, the so-called critical density which, at nonrelativistic intensities, is typically a hundred times lower than solid density. Only when the oscillatory velocity of the electrons becomes relativistic at laser intensities beyond 1018 Wcm-2 direct interaction with higher densities takes place. It is due to this cut-off that the plasma production process becomes a very dynamic interplay between laser beam stopping and plasma expansion and makes the plasmas created by lasers from overdense matter very inhomogeneous and short-living. Within certain limits efficient energy transfer from the laser to overdense plasma regions is made possible by electron thermal conduction. As there are physical limits inherent in this process also energy transfer to more dense matter is accomplished by shock wave heating and UV and X radiation from the moderately dense plasma.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. TU Darmstadt, Institut für Angewandte Physik (IAP), Hochschulstr. 6, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany

    Prof. Dr. Peter Mulser

  2. Universität Rostock, Institut für Physik, AG Quantentheorie u. Vielteilchensysteme, Universitätsplatz 3, 18051, Rostock, Germany

    Prof. Dr. Dieter Bauer

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  1. Prof. Dr. Peter Mulser
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  2. Prof. Dr. Dieter Bauer
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Correspondence to Peter Mulser .

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Mulser, P., Bauer, D. (2010). The Laser Plasma: Basic Phenomena and Laws. In: High Power Laser-Matter Interaction. Springer Tracts in Modern Physics, vol 238. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-46065-7_2

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