Normal surfaces were introduced by Kneser in 1929 [66]. The theory of normal surfaces was further developed by W. Haken in the early 1960s [38]. Its fundamental importance to the algorithmic topology cannot be overestimated. Most of the work on 3-manifolds since then is based on or related to it.
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© 2007 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
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(2007). Haken Theory of Normal Surfaces. In: Algorithmic Topology and Classification of 3-Manifolds. Algorithms and Computation in Mathematics, vol 9. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45899-9_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45899-9_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
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