Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Free-Space Electro-Optic Techniques

  • Chapter
Sensing with Terahertz Radiation

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Optical Sciences ((SSOS,volume 85))

Abstract

Terahertz radiation occupies a large portion of the electromagnetic spectrum between the infrared and microwave bands from 0.1 to 10 THz. This frequency range presents the next frontier in imaging science and technology. Compared to the relatively well-developed imaging techniques at microwave and optical frequencies, however, basic research, new initiatives, and advanced technology developments in the terahertz band are very limited. The “THz gap” is a scientifically rich but technologically limited frequency band-largely because efficient terahertz emitters and receivers are a relatively recent invention. This chapter provides the fundamentals of free-space electro-optic technology for generation and detection of terahertz pulses. The free-space THz optoelectronic detection system, which uses photoconductive antennas or electro-optic crystals, provides diffraction-limited spatial resolution, femtosecond temporal resolution, DC-THz spectral bandwidth and mV/cm field sensitivity.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. G. Mourou, C. V. Stancampiano, D. Blumenthal, “Picosecond microwave pulse generation”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 38, 470 (1981).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. C. Waschke, H. G. Roskos, R. Schwedler, K. Leo, H. Kurz, K. Kohler, “Coherent submillimeter-wave emission from Bloch oscillations in a semiconductor superlattice”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 3319 (1993).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. T. Dekorsy, P. Leisching, K. Kohler, H. Kurz, “Electro-optic detection of Bloch oscillations”, Phys. Rev. B 50, 8106 (1994).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. T. Dekorsy, H. Auer, C. Waschke, H. J. Bakker, H. G. Roskos, H. Kurz, “THz-wave emission by coherent optical phonons”, Physica B 219–220, 775 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  5. R. Kersting, K. Unterrainer, G. Strasser, H.F. Kauffmann, E. Gornik, “Fewcycle THz emission from cold plasma oscillations”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 3038 (1997).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. M. Bass, P. A. Franken, J. F. Ward, G. Weireich, “Optical Rectification”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 9, 446 (1962).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. G. A. A’skaryan, “Cherenkov radiation and transition radiation from electromagnetic waves”, Soy. Phys. JETP 15, 943 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  8. D. H. Auston, M. C. Nuss, “Electro-optic generation and detection of femtosecond electrical transients”, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 24, 184 (1988).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. Y. R. Shen, “Far-infrared generation by optical mixing”, Prog. Quantum Electron. 4, 207 (1976).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. J. Morris, Y. R. Shen, “Far-infrared generation by picosecond pulses in electrooptic materials”, Opt. Commun. 3, 81 (1971).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. K.P. Yang, P.L. Richards, Y.R. Shen, “Generation of far-infrared radiation by picosecond light pulses in LiNbO3”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 19, 320 (1971).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. T. K. Gustafson, J.-P. E. Taran, P. L. Kelley, R. Y. Chiao, “Self-modulation of picosecond pulses in Electro-optic crystals”, Opt. Commun. 2, 17 (1970).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. D. Bagasaryan, A. Makaryan, P. Pogosyan, “Cherenkov radiation from a propagating nonlinear polarization wave”, JETP Lett. 37, 595 (1983).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. D. H. Auston, “Subpicosecond electrooptic shockwaves”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 43, 713 (1983).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. D. A. Leinman, D. H. Auston, “Theory of electrooptic shockwave radiation in nonlinear optic media”, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 20, 964 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  16. D. H. Auston, K. P. Cheung, J. A. Valdmannis, D. A. Kleinman, “Cherenkov radiation from femtosecond optic pulses in electrooptic media”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 53, 1555 (1984).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. C. Fattinger, D. Grischkowsky, “A Cherenkov source for freely-propagating terahertz beams”, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 25, 2608 (1989).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. B. B. Hu, X.-C. Zhang, D. H. Auston, P. R. Smith, “Free Space Radiation from Electro-Optic Crystal”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 56, 506 (1990).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. X.-C. Zhang, X. F. Ma, Y. Jin, T.-M. Lu, E. P. Boden, P. D. Phelps, K. R. Stewart, C. P. Yakymyshyn, “THz optical rectification from highly nonlinear organic crystals”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 61, 3080 (1992).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. X.-C. Zhang, Y. Jin, X.F. Ma, “Coherent measurement of THz Optical rectification from electro-optic crystals”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 61, 1764 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  21. X.-C. Zhang, D. H. Auston, “Transition radiation from femtosecond optical pulses in electro-optic materials”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 61, 1784 (1992).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. H. J. Bakker, G. C. Cho, H. Kurz, Q. Wu, X.-C. Zhang, “Distortion of THz pulses in electro-optic sampling”, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 15, 1795 (1998).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. X.-C. Zhang, B. B. Hu, J. T. Darrow, D. H. Auston, “Generation of femtosecond electromagnetic pulses from semiconductor surfaces”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 56, 1011 (1990).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. T. J. Carrig, G. Rodriguez, T. Sharp Clement, A. J. Taylor, K. R. Stewart, “Generation of terahertz radiation using electro-optic crystal mosaics”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 66, 10 (1995).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. T. J. Carrig, G. Rodriguez, T. Sharp Clement, A. J. Taylor, K. R. Stewart, “Scaling of terahertz radiation via optical rectification in electro-optic crystals”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 66, 121 (1995).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. F. G. Sun, X.-C. Zhang, W. Ji, “Two-Photon-Absorption Induced Saturation of THz Radiation in ZnTe,” in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, OSA Technical Digest (Washington DC 2000), p. 479.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Q. Wu, X.-C. Zhang, “Free-Space Electro-Optic Sampling of Mid-Infrared Pulses”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 1285 (1997).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  28. P.Y. Han, X.-C. Zhang, “Coherent, broadband mid-infrared terahertz beam sensors”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 3049 (1998).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. P. Y. Han, G. C. Cho, X.-C. Zhang, “Broad band mid-infrared THz pulse: measurement technique and applications”, J. Nonlin. Opt. Phys. Mater. 8, 89 (1999).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  30. G. Mourou, C. V. Stancampiano, D. Blumenthal, “Picosecond microwave pulse generation”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 38, 470 (1981).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  31. D. H. Auston, K. P. Cheung, P. R. Smith, “Picosecond photoconducting Hertzian dipoles”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 45, 284 (1984).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  32. A. P. DeFonzo, M. Jarwala, C. R. Lutz, “Transient response of planar integrated optoelectronic antennas”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 50, 1155 (1987).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  33. C. Johnson, F. J. Low, A. W. Davidson, “Germanium and germanium-diamond bolometers operated at 4.2 K, 2.0K, 1.2 K, 0.3K, and 0.1K”, Opt. Eng. 19, 255 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  34. R. C. Johns, “The ultimate sensitivity of radiation detectors”, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 37, 879 (1947).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  35. C. Fattinger, D. Grischkowsky, “Point source terahertz optics”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 53, 1480 (1988).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  36. J. A. Valdmanis, G. Mourou, C.W. Gabel, “Electrical transient sampling system with two picosecond resolution”, in Picosecond Phenomena III. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Picosecond Phenomena, ed. by K. B. Eisenthal, R. M. Hochstrasser, W. Kaiser, A. Laubereau (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1982), p. 101.

    Google Scholar 

  37. J. A. Valdmanis, G. A. Mourou, C. W. Gabel, “Picosecond electro-optic sampling system”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 41, 211–212 (1982).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  38. J. A. Valdmanis, G. A. Mourou, C. W. Gabel, “Subpicosecond electrical sampling”, IEEE J. Quant. Electron. QE-19, 664 (1983).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  39. B. H. Kolner, D. M. Bloom, P. S. Cross, “Electrooptic sampling with picosecond resolution”, Electro. Lett. 19, 574 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  40. D. R. Dykaar, T. Y. Hsiang, G. A. Mourou, “An application of picosecond electro-optic sampling to superconducting electronics”, IEEE Trans. Magn. 21, 230 (1985).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  41. J. A. Valdmanis, G. Mourou, “Subpicosecond electrooptic sampling: principles and applications”, IEEE J. Quant. Electron. QE-22, 69 (1986).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  42. B. H. Kolner, D. M. Bloom, “Electrooptic sampling in GaAs integrated circuits”, IEEE J. Quant. Electron. QE-22, 79 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  43. H. Takahashi, S. Aoshima, Y. Tsuchiya, “Sampling and real-time methods in electro-optic probing system”, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 44, 965 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  44. T. Itatani, T. Nakagawa, F. Kano, K. Ohta, Y. Sugiyama, “Electrooptic vector sampling-measurement of vector components of electric field by the polarization control of probe light”, IEICE Trans. Electron. E78-C,73 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  45. D. Jacobs-Perkins, M. Currie, C.-C. Wang, C. A. Williams, W. R. Donaldson, R. Sobolewski, T. Y. Hsiang, “Subpicosecond imaging system based on electrooptic effect”, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quant. Electron. 2, 729 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  46. T. Pfeifer, H.-M. Heiliger, T. Loffler, C. Ohlhoff, C. Meyer, G. Lupke, H. G. Roskos, H. Kurz, “Optoelectronic on-chip characterization of ultrafast electric devices: Measurement techniques and applications”, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quant. Electron. 2, 586 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  47. K. Yang, G. David, S. V. Robertson, J. F. Whitaker, L. P. B. Katehi, “Electrooptic mapping of near-field distributions in integrated microwave circuits”, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 46, 2338 (1998).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  48. Q. Wu, X.-C. Zhang, “Free-space electro-optic sampling of terahertz beam”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 67, 3523 (1995).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  49. A. Nahata, D. H. Auston, T. F. Heinz, C. Wu, “Coherent detection of freely propagating terahertz radiation by electro-optic sampling”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 68, 150 (1996).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  50. P. Uhd Jepsen, C. Winnewisser, M. Schall, V. Schya, S. R. Keiding, H. Helm, “Detection of THz pulses by phase retardation in lithium tantalate”, Phys. Rev. E 53, 3052 (1996).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  51. Q. Wu, X.-C. Zhang, “Electro-optic sampling of freely propagating THz held”, Opt. Quantum Electron. 28, 945 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  52. Q. Wu, X.-C. Zhang, “Ultrafast electro-optic field sensors”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 68, 1604 (1996).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  53. Q. Wu, M. Litz, X.-C. Zhang, “Broadband detection capability of electro-optic field probes”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 68, 2924 (1996).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  54. Q. Wu, F. G. Sun, P. Campbell, X.-C. Zhang, “Dynamic range of an electrooptic field sensor and its imaging applications”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 68, 3224 (1996).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  55. Q. Wu, T. D. Hewitt, X.-C. Zhang, “Electro-optic imaging of terahertz beams”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 1026 (1996).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  56. X.-C. Zhang, Q. Wu, T. D. Hewitt, “Electro-optic imaging of terahertz beams”, Ultrafast Phenomena X, in Springer Series in Chemical Physics ed. by P. F. Barbara, J. G. Fujimoto, W. H. Knox, W. Zinth (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1996), p. 54.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Q. Wu, M. Litz, X.-C. Zhang, “Free-space electro-optic samplers”, Ultrafast Phenomena X, in Springer Series in Chemical Physics ed. by P. F. Barbara, J. G. Fujimoto, W. H. Knox, W. Zinth (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1996), p. 60.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Q. Wu, X.-C. Zhang, “Design and characterization of traveling-wave electrooptic THz sensors”, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 3, 693 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  59. Z. G. Lu, P. Campbell, X.-C. Zhang, “Free-space electro-optic sampling with a high-repetition-rate regenerative amplified laser”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 593 (1997).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  60. Z. Jiang, X.-C. Zhang, “THz imaging via electro-optic effect”, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 47, 2644 (1999).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  61. Q. Wu, X.-C. Zhang, “7 THz ultrabroadband GaP electro-optic sensors”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 70, 1784 (1997).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  62. Z. Jiang, X.-C. Zhang, “Electro-optic measurement of THz pulses with a chirped optical beam”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 72, 1945 (1998).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  63. Z. Jiang, X.-C. Zhang, “Single-shot spatial-temporal THz field imaging”, Opt. Lett. 23, 1114 (1998).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  64. C. Winnewisser, P. Uhd Jepsen, M. Schall, V. Schyja, H. Heim, “Electro-optic detection of THz radiation in LiTaO3, LiNbO3 and ZnTe”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 70, 3069 (1997).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  65. A. Leitenstorfer, S. Hunsche, J. Shah, M. C. Nuss, W. H. Knox, “Detectors and sources for ultrabroadband electro-optic sampling: experiment and theory”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 1516 (1999).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  66. G. Gallot, D. Grischkowsky, “Electro-optic detection of terahertz radiation”, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 16, 1204 (1999).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  67. P. Y. Han, G. C. Cho, X.-C. Zhang, “Time-domain transillumination of biological tissues with terahertz pulses”, Opt. Lett. 25, 242 (2000).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  68. N. Katzenllenbogen, H. Chan, D. Grischkowsky, in Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference, OSA Technical Digest Series (Optical Society of America, Washington, DC, 1993), vol. 3, p. 155.

    Google Scholar 

  69. For example, see: J. Shah, Ultrafast Spectroscopy of Semiconductors and Semiconductor Nanostructures, Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences, vol. 115 (Springer Berlin, Heidelberg, 1999).

    Google Scholar 

  70. P. R. Smith, D. H. Auston, M. C. Nuss, “Subpicosecond photoconducting dipole antennas”, IEEE J. Quantum. Electron. 24, 255 (1988).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  71. Ch. Fattinger, D. Grischkowsky, “Terahertz beam”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 54, 490 (1989).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  72. D. M. Mittleman, R. H. Jacobsen, M. C. Nuss, “T-ray imaging”, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 2, 679 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  73. J. A. Valdmanis, “Real Time Picosecond Optical Oscilloscope”, in Proceedings of Ultrafast Phenomena V, ed. by G. R. Fleming, A. E. Siegman, (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1996), p. 82.

    Google Scholar 

  74. J. A. Valdmanis, Solid State Technol. J. Test Measurement World 6, S40 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  75. Z. Jiang, F. G. Sun, Q. Chen, X.-C. Zhang, “Electro-optic sampling near zero optical transmission point”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 1191 (1999).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  76. F. G. Sun, Z. Jiang, X.-C. Zhang, “Analysis of THz pulse measurement with a chirped probe beam”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 2233 (1998).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  77. Z. Jiang, F.G. Sun, X.-C. Zhang, “Terahertz pulse measurement with an optical streak camera”, Opt. Lett. 24, 1245 (1999).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  78. M. Drabbels, L. D. Noordam, “Streak camera operating in the mid infrared”, Opt. Lett. 22, 1436 (1997).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  79. M. Drabbels, G. M. Lankhuijzen, L. D. Noordam, “Demonstration of a farinfrared streak camera”, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 34, 2138 (1998).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  80. M. Drabbels, L. D. Noordam, “Infrared imaging camera based on a Rydberg atom photodetector”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  81. J. Chang, C. N. Vittitoe, “An electro-optical technique for measuring high frequency free space electric field”, in Fast Electrical and Optical Measurement, ed. by J. E. Thompson, L. H. Luessen, NATO ASI Series, Series E: Applied Science, No. 108 (1983.) p. 57.

    Google Scholar 

  82. S. Williamson, G. Mourou, “Picosecond electro-electron optic oscilloscope”, in Picosecond Electronics and Optoelectronics, ed. by G. A. Mourou, D. M. Bloom, C.-H. Lee (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1985), p. 58.

    Google Scholar 

  83. B. B. Hu, M. C. Nuss, “Imaging with terahertz waves”, Opt. Lett. 20, 1716 (1995).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  84. D. M. Mittleman, S. Hunsche, L. Boivin, M. C. Nuss, “T-ray tomograhy”, Opt. Lett. 22, 904 (1997).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  85. D. M. Mittleman, M. Gupta, R. Neelamani, R. G. Baraniuk, J. V. Rudd, M. Koch, “Recent advances in terahertz imaging”, Appl. Phys. B: Lasers Opt. B 68, 1085 (1999).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  86. D. M. Mittleman, R. H. Jacobsen, M. C. Nuss, “T-ray imaging”, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 2, 679 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  87. Z. Jiang, X.-C. Zhang, “Improvement of terahertz imaging with phase sensitive technique”, Appl. Opt. 39, 2982 (2000).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  88. Z. Jiang, X.-C. Zhang, “2D measurement and spatio-temporal coupling of fewcycle THz pulses”, Opt. Express 5, 243 (1999).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  89. S. Hunsche, M. Koch, I. Brener, M. C. Nuss, “THz near-field imaging”, Opt. Commun. 150, 22 (1998).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  90. K. Wynne, D. A. Jaroszynski, “Superluminal terahertz pulses”, Opt. Lett. 24, 25 (1999).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  91. Y. Cai, I. Brener, J. Lopata, J. Wynn, L. Pfeiffer, J. B. Stark, Q. Wu, X. C. Zhang, J. F. Federici, “Coherent terahertz radiation detection: direct comparison between free-space electro-optic sampling and antenna detection”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 444 (1998).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  92. S.-G. Park, M. R. Melloch, A. M. Weiner, “Comparison of terahertz waveforms measured by electro-optic and photoconductive sampling”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 3184 (1998).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  93. S.-G. Park, M. R. Melloch, A. M. Weiner, “Analysis of terahertz waveforms measured by photoconductive and electrooptic sampling”, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 35, 810 (1999).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  94. A. Nahata, J.T. Yardley, T. F. Heinz, “Free-space electro-optic detection of continuous-wave terahertz radiation”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 2524 (1999).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  95. D. You, P. H. Bucksbaum, “Propagation of half-cycle far infrared pulses”, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 14, 1651 (1997).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  96. A. E. Kaplan, “Diffraction-induced transformation of near-cycle and subcycle pulses”, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 15, 951 (1999).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  97. S. Feng, H. G. Winful, R. W. Hellwarth, “Gouy shift and temporal reshaping of focused single-cycle electromagnetic pulses”, Opt. Lett. 23, 385 (1998);

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  98. “Erratum”, Opt. Lett. 23, 1141 (1998).*. S. Feng, H. G. Winful, R. W. Hellwarth, “Gouy shift and temporal reshaping of focused single-cycle electromagnetic pulses”

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  99. S. Hunsche, S. Feng, H. G. Winful, A. Leitenstorfer, M. C. Nuss, E. P. Ippen, “Spatiotemporal focusing of single-cycle light pulses”, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 16, 2025 (1999).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  100. E. Budiarto, P. Nen-Wen, J. Seongtae, J. Bokor, “Near-field propagation of terahertz pulses from a large- aperture antenna”, Opt. Lett. 23, 213 (1998).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  101. J. Bromage, S. Radic, G. P. Agrawal, C. R. Stroud, Jr., P. M. Fauchet, R. Sobolewski, “Spatiotemporal shaping of terahertz pulses”, Opt. Lett. 22, 627 (1997).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  102. J. Bromage, S. Radic, G. P. Agrawal, C. R. Stroud, Jr., P. M. Fauchet, R. Sobolewski, “Spatiotemporal shaping of half-cycle terahertz pulses by diffraction through conductive apertures of finite thickness”, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 15, 1953 (1998).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  103. A. Nahata, T. F. Heinz, “Reshaping of freely propagating terahertz pulses by diffraction”, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 2, 701 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  104. A. B. Ruffin, J. V. Rudd, J. F. Whitaker, S. Feng, H. G. Winful, “Direct observation of the Gouy phase shift with single-cycle terahertz pulses”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 3410 (1999).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  105. P. Kuzel, M. A. Khazan, J. Kroupa, “Spatiotemporal transformations of ultrashort terahertz pulses”, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 16, 1795 (1999).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  106. A. M. Weiner, “Femtosecond optical pulse shaping and processing”, Prog. Quantum Electron. 19, 161 (1995).

    MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  107. Q. Chen, Z. Jiang, M. Tani, X.-C. Zhang, “Electro-optic Terahertz transceiver”, Electron. Lett., 36, 1298 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  108. M. Tani, Z. Jiang, X.-C. Zhang, “Photoconductive terahertz transceiver”, Electron. Lett. 36, 804 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  109. M. Li, X.-C. Zhang, G. Sucha, D. Harter, “Portable THz system and its applications”, Proc. SPIE 3616, 126 (1999).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Zhiping Jiang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Xi-Cheng Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Electrical and Computer Engineering Department MS-366, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA

    Daniel Mittleman

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2003 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Jiang, Z., Zhang, XC. (2003). Free-Space Electro-Optic Techniques. In: Mittleman, D. (eds) Sensing with Terahertz Radiation. Springer Series in Optical Sciences, vol 85. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45601-8_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45601-8_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-07717-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-45601-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation