One of the most striking consequences of Einstein’s general relativity is the ability of a large concentrated mass to deflect photons as they pass near a massive object. An example of this is a galaxy or a galaxy cluster. Because of this quality, massive objects are usually referred as gravitational lenses. The level of deflection differs depending on the minimum distance the photon approaches the deflecting object and the total mass of the lens. The weak lensing regime occurs when the deflection angle is small, normally occurring when the photon is at a large distance from the gravitational lens. The deflection angle in this regime decreases approximately linearly as the distance to the lens increases.
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Diego, J. (2008). Mass Reconstruction from Lensing. In: Martinez, V., Saar, E., Gonzales, E., Pons-Borderia, M. (eds) Data Analysis in Cosmology. Lecture Notes in Physics, vol 665. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-44767-2_19
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