Abstract
Due to phase transitions at an isolated bottleneck discussed in Sect. 17.2.2 and Sect. 17.3.3, a congested pattern can occur upstream of a bottleneck. In the three-phase traffic theory (Chap. 7) and in empirical observations (Chaps. 10 and 12), if only an F→S transition occurs, then one of the SPs should appear. When the sequence of F→S→J transitions occur, then one of the GPs should emerge.
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© 2004 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
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Kerner, B.S. (2004). Congested Patterns at Isolated Bottlenecks. In: The Physics of Traffic. Understanding Complex Systems. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-40986-1_18
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-40986-1_18
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
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