Abstract
Both 2D and 3D mathematical models are constructed based on the co-ordinates measurement of a six time enlarged eye model. The graphical image is developed using Pro-E before exported into the COMSOL Multiphysics 3.2. The ocular surface temperature obtained for the 2D model is 33.64°C while the 3D model gives 34.48°C. The 3D model is further simulated for conditions under microwave radiation exposure (750MHz and 1.50GHz). A peak rise in temperature can be observed which agrees well with results from open literatures. These models can be improved by including more complex boundary conditions to simulate the eye to a higher degree of accuracy. The models studied here can be further applied for simulation of diseased eye by specifying proper boundary conditions with the types of diseases. Success of such simulations with appropriate neural network system will provide options for patients with third opinion regarding to the diagnosis of a particular ocular disease.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Fatt I & Forester J.F (1972), Errors in eye Tissue temperature measurements when using a metallic probe. Exp. Eye Res. 14:270–276.
Rosenbluth R.F & Fatt I (1977), Temperature measurements in the eye. Exp. Eye Res. 25:325–341.
Taflove A & Brodwin M (1975), Computation of the electromagnetic fields and induced temperatures within a model of the microwave-irradiated human eye. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech, MTT-23, 11: 888–896.
Guy A, Lin J.C, Kramar P.O et al, (1975), Effect of 2450-MHz radiation on the rabbit eye. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech, MTT-23, 6: 492–498.
Emery A.F, Kramar P.O, Guy A et al (1975), Microwave induced temperature rises in rabbit eyes in cataract research. J Heat Transfer, 97:123–128.
Scott J.A (1988), A Finite Element Model of Heat Transport in the Human Eye. Phys. Med. Biol, 33(2):227–241.
Efron N, Young G & Brennan N (1989), Ocular surface temperature. Curr. Eye Res. 8(9):901–906.
Hirata A, Matsuyama S & Shiozawa T (2002), Temperature rises in the human eye exposure to EM waves in the frequency range 0.6–6GHz. IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., 44(4):594–596.
Hirata A (2005), Temperature increase in human eyes due to nearfield and far field exposures at 900MHz, 1.5GHz and 1.9GHz. IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat, 47(1):68–76.
Bernardi P, Cavagnaro M, Pisa S et al (1998) SAR distribution and temperature increase in an anatomical model of the human eye exposed to the field radiated by the user antenna in a wireless LAN. IEEE Trans. Microw Theory Tech. 46(12):2074–2082.
Schwartz B (1965), Environmental temperature and the ocular temperature gradient. Arch. Ophthalmol. 74:237–243.
Mapstone R (1968), Determinants of ocular temperature. Br J Ophthalmol, 52:729–741.
Morgan P.B, Soh M.P & Efron N (1999), Corneal surface temperature decrease with age. Contact Lens & Anterior Eye, 22(1):11–13.
Ng E.Y.K & Ooi E.H (2006), FEM simulation of the human eye with bioheat analysis. Computer Methods & Programs in Biomedicine, In Press.
Pennes H.H (1948), Analysis of tissue and arterial blood temperatures in the resting forearm. J Appl. Physiol. 1:93–122.
COMSOL Multiphysics Modeling, at http://www.comsol.com
Morgan P.B, Soh M.P, Efron N et al (1993), Potential applications of ocular thermography. Optom. Vis. Sci. 70:568–576.
Mapstone R. (1968), Measurement of corneal temperature. Exp. Eye. Res. 7:237–243.
Hamano H, Minami S. & Sugimori Y (1969), Experiments in thermometry of the anterior portion of the eye wearing a contact lens by means of infra-red thermometer. Contacto, 13:12–22.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering
About this paper
Cite this paper
Ng, E.Y.K., Ooi, E.H., Acharya U, R. (2007). FEM Simulation of Ocular Surface Temperature with Bioheat Equation. In: Magjarevic, R., Nagel, J.H. (eds) World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering 2006. IFMBE Proceedings, vol 14. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-36841-0_24
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-36841-0_24
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-36839-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-36841-0
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)