Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Cell Organelles and the Differentiation of Somatic Plant Cells

  • Chapter
Origin and Continuity of Cell Organelles

Part of the book series: Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation ((RESULTS,volume 2))

Abstract

Organelles enable a diversity of chemical pathways to occur simultaneously within a single cell. The division of a cell into compartments must confer an enormous advantage upon organisms and this must be true however the organelles have been acquired in the course of evolution. It is possible to believe that chloroplasts are blue-green algae that have been captured and enslaved by larger cells and that, in subsequent evolution, the alga has become specialized only for photosynthesis and related reactions and the rest of the cell has lost any other photosynthetic apparatus if it possessed any originally. This is a theory going back more than 60 years that has revived recently with the discovery that plastid ribosomes differ from cytoplasmic ribosomes of the same cell in size and in their Rna and that they resemble those of blue-green algae and bacteria (Stutz and Noll, 1967). The partial autonomy and specific Dna of plastids conforms with the theory, although we have to explain how the nucleus comes to contain some of the genes affecting chloroplasts and how photosynthesis comes to be regulated by the nucleus although the plastids appear to have all the apparatus necessary for the process. I shall discuss later the roles of nuclear and plastid genes. Nuclear control of photosynthesis is shown by experiments on Acetabularia by Schweiger and Schweiger (1965) in which the nucleus and the plastids were given inherent rhythms out of phase with each other and evolution of oxygen followed the nuclear rhythm, not that of the plastids.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Angold, R. E.: The ontogeny and fine structure of the pollen grain of Endymion nonscriptus. Rev. Palaeobotan. Palynol. 3, 205–212 (1967).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Audus, L. J.: The mechanism of the perception of gravity by plants. Symp. Soc. exp. Biol. 16, 196–226 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  • Avers, C. J.: Fine structure studies of Phleum root meristem cells. Ii. Mitotic asymmetry and cellular differentiation. Amer. J. Botany 50, 140–148 (1963).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • King, E. E.: Histochemical evidence of intracellular enzymatic heterogeneity of plant mitochondria. Amer. J. Botany 47 220–225 (1960)

    Google Scholar 

  • Behnke, H. D.: Die Siebröhren-Plastiden der Monokotyledonen. Planta 84, 174–184 (1969).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bell, P. R., Frey-Wyssling, A., Mühlethaler, K.: Evidence for the discontinuity of plastids in the sexual reproduction of a plant. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 15, 108–121 (1966).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bell, P. R., Frey-Wyssling, A., Mühlethaler, K.: The degeneration and reappearance of mitochondria in the egg cells of a plant. J. Cell Biol. 20, 235–248 (1964).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boardman, N. K., Anderson, J. M.: Studies on the greening of dark-grown bean plants. Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 17, 86–92 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bonnett, H. T., Newcomb, E. H.: Coated vesicles and other cytoplasmic components of growing root hairs of radish. Protoplasma 62, 59–75 (1966).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bonneville, M. A., Voeller, B. R.: A new cytoplasmic component of plant cells. J. Cell Biol. 18, 703–708 (1963).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brawerman, G.: A specific species of ribosomes associated with the chloroplasts of Euglena gracilis. Biochem. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 61, 313–315 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, R.: Cellular basis for the induction of morphological structures. Nature (Lond.) 181, 1546–1547 (1958).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Caporali, L.: Recherches sur les infrastructures des cellules radiculaires de Lens culinaris et particulièrement sur l’évolutions des leucoplastes. Ann. Sci. nat. Botan. II sér 20, 215–247 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • Clowes, F. A. L.: Apical meristems. Oxford: Blackwell Scientifiic Publications 1961.

    Google Scholar 

  • Juniper, B. E.: The fine structure of the quiescent centre and neighbouring tissues in root meristems. T. extp. Bot. 15, 622–630 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  • Clowes, F. A. L.: Plant Cells. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cronshaw, J., Wardrop, A. B.: The organization of cytoplasm in differentiating xylem. Aust. J. Botany 12, 15–23 (1964).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dashek, W. V., Rosen, W. G.: Electron microscopical localization of chemical components in the growth zone of lily pollen tubes. Protoplasma 61, 192–204 (1966).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De Duve, C.: The peroxisome: a new cytoplasmic organelle. Proc. Roy. Soc. B173, 71–83 (1969).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diers, L.: On the plastids, mitochondria, and other cell constituents during oogenesis of a plant. J. Cell Biol. 28, 527–543 (1966).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Echlin, P., Godwin, H.: The ultrastructure and ontogeny of pollen in Helleborus foetidus. T. The development of the tapetum and Ubisch bodies. T. Cell Sci. 3, 161–174 (1968a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Echlin, P., Godwin, H.: The ultrastructure and ontogeny of pollen in Helleborus foetidus. Ii. Pollen grain development through the callose spiecial wall stage. T. Cell Sci. 3, 175–186 (1968b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Esau, K., Cronshaw, J.: Plastids and mitochondria in the phloem of Cucurbita. Can. J. Botany 46, 877–880 (1968).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frey-Wyssling, A., Mühlethaler, K.: Ultrastructural Plant Cytology. Amsterdam: Elsevier 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gifford, E. M., Stewart, K. D.: Ultrastructure of vegetative and reproductive apices of Chenopodium album. Science 149, 75–77 (1965).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Godwin, H.: The origin of the exine. New Phytol. 67, 667–676 (1968).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Green, J. C., Jennings, D. H.: A physical and chemical investigation of the scales produced by the Golgi apparatus within and found on the surface of the cells of Chrysochromulina chiton. J. exp. Bot. 18, 359–370 (1967).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gunning, B. E. S.: The greening process in plastids. I. The structure ot the prolamellar body. Protoplasma 60, 111–130 (1965).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gurdon, J. B., Woodland, H. R.: The influence of the cytoplasm on the nucleus during cell differentiation with special reference to Rna synthesis during amphibian cleavage. Proc. R. Soc. B173, 99–111 (1969).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haynes, J., Burnett, A.: Dedifferentiation and redlftererntlatlorn ot cells in Hydra viridiS. Science 142, 1481–1483 (1963).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hepler, P. K., Newcomb, E. H.: Microtubules and fibrils in the cytoplasm ot Coleus cells undergoing secondary wall deposition. J. Cell Biol. 20, 529–534 (1964).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Israel, H. W., Steward, F. C.: The fine structure and development of plastids in cultured cells of Daucus carota. Ann. Bot. 31, 1–18 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jensen, W. A.: The ultrastructure of the egg and central cell of cotton. Amer. J. Bot. 52, 781–797 (1965).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Juniper, B. E., Barlow, P. W.: The distribution of plasmodesmata in the root tip of maize. Planta 89, 352–360 (1969).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Juniper, B. E., Barlow, P. W., Clowes, F. A. L.: Cytoplasmic organelles and cell growth in root caps. Nature 208, 864–865 (1965).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Juniper, B. E., Barlow, P. W., Clowes, F. A. L., Roberts, R. M.: Polysaccharide synthesis and the fine structure of root cap cells. J. R. Microsc. Soc. 85, 63–72 (1966).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kirk, J. T. O.: Nature and function of chloroplast Dna. ‘Biochemistry ot Chloroplasts (Ed.: Goodwin), 319–340. London-New York: Academic Press 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  • Küntzel, H.: Proteins of mitochondrial and cytoplasmic ribosomes from Neurospora crassa. Nature (Lond.) 222, 142–146 (1969).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • La Cour, L. F.: Nuclear differentiation in the pollen grain. Heredity 3, 319 (1949).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laetsch, W. M., Price, I.: Development of the dimorphic chloroplasts of sugar cane. Amer. J. Botany 56, 77–87 (1969).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Larson, D. A.: Cytoplasmic dimorphism within pollen grains. Nature (Lond.) 200, 911–912 (1963).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Larson, D. A.: Fine structural changes in the cytoplasm of germinating pollen. Amer. J. Botany 52, 139–154 (1965).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maltzahn, K. Von, Mühlethaler, K.: Observatloris on dlvlslori of mltochondria in dedifferentiating cells of Splachnum ampullaceum. Experientia (Basel) 18, 315–316 (1962).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manton, I., Ettl, H.: Observations on the fine structure ot Mesostigma viride. J. Linn. Soc. (Bot.) 59, 175–184 (1965).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manton, I., Ettl, H., Park, M.: Observations on the fine structure ot two species ot Platymonas witn special reference to flagellar scales and the mode of origin of the theca. J. mar. Biol. Ass. U. K. 45, 743–754 (1965).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marinos, N. G.: Multifunctional plastids in the meristematic region of potato tuber buds. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 17, 91–113 (1967).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mizukami, I., Gall, J. Centriole replication. Ii. Sperm formation in the fern, Marsilea and the cycad, Zamia. J. Cell Biol. 29, 97–111 (1966).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mollenhauer, H. H., Whaley, W. G.: An observation on the functioning of the Golgi apparatus. J. Cell Biol. 17, 222–225 (1963).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mollenhauer, H. H., Leech, J. H.: A function of the Golgi apparatus in outer rootcap cells. T. Ultrastruct. Res. 5, 193–200 (1961).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mollenhauer, H. H., Leech, J. H., Morton, R. K., Raison, J. K.: A complete intracellular unit for incorporation of amino acid into storage utilizing adenosine triphosphate generated from phytate. Nature (Lond.) 200, 429–433 (1963).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nanney, D. L., Rudzinska, M. A.: In: The Cell (Ed.: J. Brachet and J. Mirsky) 4, 109–150. New York-London: Academic Press 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neilson-Jones, W.: Plant Chimeras London Methuen 1969

    Google Scholar 

  • Northcote, D. H.: Fine structure of cytoplasm in relation to synthesis and secretion in plant cells. Proc. roy. Soc. B173, 21–30 (1969).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Northcote, D. H., Picketrheaps, J. D.: A function of the Golgi apparatus in polysaccharide synthesis and transport in the root-cap cells of wheat. Biochemm J 98 159–167 (1966)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Payne, P. I., Boulter, D.: Free and membrane bound ribosomes of the cotyledons of Vicia faba. Planta 84, 263–271 (1969).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pickett-Heaps, J. D., Northcote, D. H.: Relationship of cellular organelles to the formation and development of the plant cell wall. J. exp. Bot. 17, 20–26 (1966a).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pickett-Heaps, J. D., Northcote, D. H.: Cell division in the formation of the stomatal complex of the young leaves of wheat. T. Cell Sci. 1, 121–128 (1966b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Randall, J.: The flagellar apparatus as a model organelle for the study of growth and morphopoiesis. Proc. roy. Soc. B173, 31–62 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Randall, J., Disbrey, C.: Evidence for the presence of Dna at basal body sites in Tetrahymena pyriformis. Proc. roy. Soc. B 162, 473–491 (1965).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roodyn, D. B., Wilkie, D.: The Biogenesis of Mitochondria. London: Methuen 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosen, W. G., Gawlick, S. R., Dashek, W. V., Siegesmund, K. A.: Fine structure and cytochemistry of Lilium pollen tubes. Amer. J. Botany 51, 61–71 (1964).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sagan, L.: On the origin of mitosing cells. J. theor. Biol. 14, 225–274 (1967).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schnepf, E.: Feinbau und Funktion pflanzlicher Drüsen. Umschau Wiss. Technik 16, 522–527 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwab, D. W., Simmons, E., Scala, J.: Fine structure changes during function of the digestive gland of Venus’s flytrap. Amer. J. Botany 56, 88–100 (1969).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schweiger, H. G., Schweiger, E.: The role of the nucleus in a cytoplasmic diurnal rhythm. Circadian Clocks (Ed.: Aschoff), pp. 195–197. Amsterdam: North-Holland 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simon, E. W., Chapman, J. A.: The development of mitochondria in Arum spadix. J. exp. Bot. 12, 414–420 (1961).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, D., Muscatine, L., Lewis, D.: Carbohydrate movement from autotrophs to heterotrophs in parasitic and mutualistic symbiosis. Biol. Rev. 44, 17–90 (1969).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Srivastava, L. M., O’Brien, T. P.: On the ultrastructure of cambium and its vascular derivatives. Protoplasma 61, 257–293 (1966).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stange, E. L.: Plant cell differentiation. Ann. Rev. Pl. Physiol. 16, 119–140 (1965).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stebbins, G. L.: Polarity gradients and the development of cell patterns. In: Trends in Plant Morphogenesis (Ed.: Cutter), pp. 115–139. London: Longmans 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steward, F. C.: Physiological aspects of organization. In: Trends in Plant Morphogenesis (Ed.: Cutter). London: Longmans 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stubbe, W.: Dreifarbenpanaschierung bei Oenothera. Ii. Wechselwirkungen zwischen Geweben mit zwei erblich verschiedenen Plastidensorten. Z. Vererbungl. 89, 189–203 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stutz, E., Noll, H.: Characterization of cytoplasmic and chloroplast polysomes in plants: evidence for three classes of ribosomal RNA in nature. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 57, 774–781 (1967).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sunderland, N., Wells, B.: Plastid structure and development in green callus tissues of Oxalis dispar. Ann. Bot 32, 327–346 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  • Thielke, C.: Die Struktur des Vegetationskegels einer sektorial panaschierten Hemerocallis fulva. Ber. dtsch. bot. Ges. 68, 233–238 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Thimann, K. V., Curry, G. M.: Phototropism. In: Light and Life. (Ed.: Mcelroy Glass), 646672, Baltimore: John Hopkins Press 1961.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, W. W., Weier, T. E., Drever, H.: Electron microscopic studies on chlor0plasts from phosphorus deficient plants. Amer. J. Botany 51, 933–938 (1964).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turing, A. M.: The chemical basis of morphogenesis. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. B 237, 37–72 (1952).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Virgin, H. I., Kahn, A., Wettstein, D. Von: The physiology of chlorophyll formation in relation to structural changes in chloroplasts. Photochem. Photobiol. 2, 83–91 (1963).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Whaley, W. G., Mollenhauer, H. H., Kephart, J. E.: Developmental changes in cytoplasmic organelles. Vth Internat. Congr. Electron Microscopy 2, W12 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wooding, F. B. P., Northcote, D. H.: The development of the secondary wall of the xylem in Acer pseudoplatanus. J. Cell Biol. 23, 237–337 (1964).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wooding, F. B. P., Northcote, D. H.: The fine structure of the mature resin canal cells of Pinus pinea. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 13, 233–244 (1965a).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wooding, F. B. P., Northcote, D. H.: The fine structure and development of the companion cell of the phloem of Acer pseudoplatanus. J. Cell Biol. 24, 117–128 (1965b).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yotsuyanagi, Y.: Études sur le chondriome de la levure. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 7, 141–158 (1962).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Botany School, Oxford University, UK

    F. A. L. Clowes

Authors
  1. F. A. L. Clowes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Berlin, Deutschland

    J. Reinert

  2. Zürich, Switzerland

    H. Ursprung

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1971 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Clowes, F.A.L. (1971). Cell Organelles and the Differentiation of Somatic Plant Cells. In: Reinert, J., Ursprung, H. (eds) Origin and Continuity of Cell Organelles. Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation, vol 2. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-36396-5_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-36396-5_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-22269-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-36396-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation