Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Baron R, Schattschneider J, Binder A, et al (2002) Relation between sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity and pain and hyperalgesia in complex regional pain syndromes: a case-control study. Lancet 359:1655–1660
Birklein F (2005) Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). In: Cervero F, Jensen TS (eds) Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Elsevier, Edinburgh
Birklein F, Sittl R, Spitzer A, et al (1997) Sudomotor function in sympathetic reflex dystrophy. Pain 69:49–54
Birklein F, Riedl B, Neundörfer B, et al (1998) Sympathetic vasoconstrictor reflex pattern in patients with complex regional pain syndrome. Pain 75:93–100
Birklein F, Walther D, Bigalke H, et al (2002) Sudomotor testing predicts the presence of neutralizing botulinum A toxin antibodies. Ann Neurol 52:68–73
Bligh J (1979) The central neurology of mammalian thermoregulation. Neuroscience 4:1213–1216
Bolton B, Carmichael EA, Stürup G (1936) Vasoconstriction following deep inspiration. J Physiol 86:83–94
Boric MP, Figueroa XF, Donoso MV, et al (1999) Rise in endothelium-derived NO after stimulation of rat perivascular sympathetic mesenteric nerves. Am J Physiol 277: H1027–H1035
Calder JS, Holten I, McAllister RM (1998) Evidence for immune system involvement in reflex sympathetic dystrophy. J Hand Surg Br 23:147–150
Carvajal JA, Germain AM, Huidobro-Toro JP, et al (2000) Molecular mechanism of cGMP-mediated smooth muscle relaxation. J Cell Physiol 184:409–420
Clough GF (1999) Role of nitric oxide in the regulation of microvascular perfusion in human skin in vivo. J Physiol 51(Pt2):549–557
Clough GF, Church MK (2002) Vascular responses in the skin: an accessible model of inflammation. News Physiol Sci 17:170–174
Di Angelantonio S, Giniatullin R, Costa V, et al (2003) Modulation of neuronal nicotinic receptor function by the neuropeptides CGRP and substance P on autonomic nerve cells. Br J Pharmacol 139:1061–1073
Duran WN, Seyama A, Yoshimura K, et al (2000) Stimulation of NO production and of eNOS phosphorylation in the microcirculation in vivo. Microvasc Res 60:104–111
Fagius J, Karhuvaara S, Sundlöf G (1989) The cold pressor test: effects on sympathetic nerve activity in human muscle and skin nerve fascicles. Acta Physiol Scand 137:325–334
Figueroa XF, Poblete MI, Boric MP, et al (2001) Clonidineinduced nitric oxide-dependent vasorelaxation mediated by endothelial alpha(2)-adrenoceptor activation. Br J Pharmacol 134:957–968
Hecht MJ, Birklein F, Winterholler M (2004) Successful treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis with very low doses of botulinum toxin B: a pilot study. Arch Dermatol Res 295:318–319
Heijnen CJ, Rouppe vd, V, Wulffraat N, et al (1996) Functional alpha 1-adrenergic receptors on leukocytes of patients with polyarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. J Neuroimmunol 71:223–226
Henriksen O (1991) Sympathetic reflex control of blood flow in human peripheral tissues. Acta Physiol Scand Suppl 603:33–39
Hermann D, Schlereth T, Vogt T, et al (2005) Clonidine induces nitric oxide- and prostaglandin-mediated vasodilation in healthy human skin. J Appl Physiol 99:2266–2270
Howarth D, Burstal R, Hayes C, et al (1999) Autonomic regulation of lymphatic flow in the lower extremity demonstrated on lymphoscintigraphy in patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Clin Nucl Med 24:383–387
Inoue S, Murakami N (1976) Unit responses in the medulla oblongata of rabbit to changes in local and cutaneous temperature. J Physiol 259:339–356
Jänig W (1990) Functions of the sympathetic innervation of the skin. In: Loewy AD, Spyer KM (eds) Central Regulation of Autonomic Functions, Oxford University Press, New York
Jarajapu YP, Johnston F, Berry C, et al (2001) Functional characterization of alphal-adrenoceptor subtypes in human subcutaneous resistance arteries. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 299:729–734
Kennedy WR, Wendelschafer-Crabb G, Brelje TC (1994) Innervation and vasculature of human sweat glands: an immunohistochemistry-laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy study. J Neurosci 14:6825–6833
Lewis T (1937) The nocifensor system of nerves and its reactions. Br Med J 1:431–437
Low PA, Kennedy WR (1997) Cutaneous effectors as indicators of abnormal sympathetic function. In: Morris JL, Gibbins IJ (eds) Autonomic innervation of the skin, Harwood academic publishers, Amsterdam
Low PA, Caskey PE, Tuck RR, et al (1983) Quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test in normal and neuropathic subjects. Ann Neurol 14:573–580
Low PA, Kihara M, Cardone C (1993) Pharmacology and morphometry of the eccrine sweat gland in vivo. In: Low PA (ed) Clinical Autonomic Disorders, Little, Brown and Company, Boston
Maestroni GJ (2004) Modulation of skin norepinephrine turnover by allergen sensitization: impact on contact hypersensitivity and T helper priming. J Invest Dermatol 122:119–124
Maestroni GJ (2006) Sympathetic nervous system influence on the innate immune response. Ann NY Acad Sci 1069:195–207
Marriott I, Marshall JM, Johns EJ (1990) Cutaneous vascular responses evoked in the hand by the cold pressor test and by mental arithmetic. Clin Sci Colch 79:43–50
McQuay HJ, Tramer M, Nye BA, et al (1996) A systematic review of antidepressants in neuropathic pain. Pain 68:217–227
Minor V (1927) Ein Neues Verfahren zu der klinischen Untersuchung der Schweissabsonderung. Z Neurologie 101:302–308
Moncada S, Vane JR (1979) The role of prostacyclin in vascular tissue. Fed Proc 38:66–71
Nadel ER, Bullard RW, Stolwijk JAE (1971) Importance of skin temperature in the regulation of sweating. J Appl Physiol 31:80–87
Nadel ER, Mitchell JW, Saltin B, et al (1971) Peripheral modifications to the central drive for sweating. J Appl Physiol 31:828–833
Namer B, Bickel A, Kramer H, et al (2004) Chemically and electrically induced sweating and flare reaction. Auton Neurosci 114:72–82
Nolano M, Crisci C, Santoro L, et al (2000) Absent innervation of skin and sweat glands in congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis. Clin Neurophysiol 111:1596–1601
Oberle J, Elam M, Karlsson T, et al (1988) Temperature-dependent interaction between vasoconstrictor and vasodilatator mechanisms in human skin. Acta Physiol Scand 132:459–469
Ogawa T, Low PA (1993) Autonomic regulation of temperature and sweating. In: Low PA (ed) Clinical Autonomic Disorders, Little, Brown and Company, Boston
Ogawa T, Asayama M, Ito M, et al (1979) Significance of skin pressure in body heat balance. Jpn J Physiol 29:805–816
Riedl B, Nischik M, Birklein F, et al (1998) Spatial extension of sudomotor axon reflex sweating in human skin. J Aut Nerv Syst 69:83–88
Riedl B, Beckmann T, Neundorfer B, et al (2001) Autonomic failure after stroke — is it indicative for pathophysiology of complex regional pain syndrome? Acta Neurol Scand 103:27–34
Sato J, Perl ER (1991) Adrenergic excitation of cutaneous pain receptors induced by peripheral nerve injury. Science 251:1608–1610
Sato K, Ohtsuyama M, Sato F (1993) Normal and abnormal eccrine sweat gland function. In: Low PA (ed) Clinical Autonomic Disorders, Little, brown and Company, Boston
Schick CH, Fronek K, Held A, et al (2003) Differential effects of surgical sympathetic block on sudomotor and vasoconstrictor function. Neurology 60:1770–1776
Schlereth T, Brosda N, Birklein F (2005) Somatotopic arrangement of sudomotor axon reflex sweating in humans. Auton Neurosci 123:76–81
Schlereth T, Brosda N, Birklein F (2005) Spreading of sudomotor axon reflexes in human skin. Neurology 64:1417–1421
Schlereth T, Mouka I, Eisenbarth G, et al (2005) Botulinum toxin A (Botox(R)) and sweating-dose efficacy and comparison to other BoNT preparations. Auton Neurosci 117:120–126
Schiereth T, Dittmar JO, Seewald B, et al (2006) Peripheral amplification of sweating — a role for calcitonin generelated peptide. J Physiol 576:823–832
Tarkowski E, Naver H, Wallin BG, et al (1995) Lateralization of T-lymphocyte responses in patients with stroke. Effect of sympathetic dysfunction? Stroke 26:57–62
Togel B, Greve B, Raulin C (2002) Current therapeutic strategies for hyperhidrosis: a review. Eur J Dermatol 12:219–223
Tooke JE, Ostergren J, Lins PE, et al (1987) Skin microvascular blood flow control in long duration diabetics with and without complications. Diabetes Res 5:189–192
Wasner G, Schattschneider J, Baron R (2002) Skin temperature side differences — a diagnostic tool for CRPS? Pain 98:19–26
White DG, Martin W (1989) Differential control and calcium-dependence of production of endothelium-derived relaxing factor and prostacyclin by pig aortic endothelial cells. Br J Pharmacol 97:683–690
Wise RA, Wigley FM, White B, et al (2004) Efficacy and tolerability of a selective alpha(2C)-adrenergic receptor blocker in recovery from cold-induced vasospasm in scleroderma patients: a single-center, double-blind, placebocontrolled, randomized crossover study. Arthritis Rheum 50:3994–4001
Yen LD, Bennett GJ, Ribeiro-Da-Silva A (2006) Sympathetic sprouting and changes in nociceptive sensory innervation in the glabrous skin of the rat hind paw following partial peripheral nerve injury. J Comp Neurol 495:679–690
Zahn S, Leis S, Schick C, et al (2004) No pha-adreno-receptor-induced C-fiber activation in healthy human skin. J Appl Physiol 96:1380–1384
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Birklein, F., Schlereth, T. (2009). Autonomic Effects on the Skin. In: Granstein, R.D., Luger, T.A. (eds) Neuroimmunology of the Skin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-35989-0_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-35989-0_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-35986-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-35989-0
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)