Abstract
It is often said that color is three-dimensional. (This is true at least for psychophysical color and isolated psychological color.) But what is meant by the three dimensions of color? Commonly, we think of the word “dimensions” in terms of height, width, and depth, all stated in feet, meters, or other units of length. All objects have volume and occupy space; they are three-dimensional.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
H. Pauli: Proposed extension to the CIE recommendation on uniform color spaces, color difference equations, and metric color terms. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 66(8), 866–867 (1976)
M.R. Pointer: A comparison of the CIE 1976 colour spaces. Color Res. Appl. 6(2), 108–117 (1981)
W. Roddewig: Estimation of chromaticness of constant-luminance central field colors on a D65 surround. Color Res. Appl. 9(1), 49–56 (1984)
Chroma Cosmos 5000: Explanatory Note. (Japan Color Research Institute, Tokyo 1978)
F. Birren: Chroma Cosmos 5000. Color Res. Appl. 4(3), 171–172 (1979)
K.L. Kelly: Chroma Cosmos 5000. Color Res. Appl. 6(1), 59–60 (1981)
Color Chart System for Design, Chromaton 707 (Japan Color Research Institute, Tokyo 1982)
F. Birren: Chromaton 707. Color Res. Appl. 8(4), 262 (1983)
D. Nickerson: Interrelation of color specifications. Pap. Trade J. (TAPPI Section) 125, 153, 219 (1947)
W.C. Granville, E. Jacobson: Colorimetric specification of the Color Harmony Manual from spectrophotometric measurements. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 34(7), 382–395 (1944)
M.E. Bond, D. Nickerson: Color-order systems, Munsell and Ostwald, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 32(12), 709–719 (1942)
C.E. Foss, D. Nickerson, W.C. Granville: An analysis of the Ostwald color system. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 34(7), 361–381 (1944)
M. Richter: The Official German Standard Color Chart, translated by D.B. Judd, G. Wyszecki, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 45(3), 223–226 (1955)
D. Nickerson: Horticultural Colour Chart names with Munsell key. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 47, 619 (1957)
The ICI colour atlas. Paint Manuf. 40 (3), 29-30 (1970)
K. McLaren: Colour specification by visual means. J. Oil Colour Chem. Assoc. 45, 879–886 (1971)
G.W. Haupt, J.C. Schleter, K.L. Eckerle: The Ideal Lovibond Color System for CIE Standard Illuminants A and C Shown in Three Colorimetric Systems, NBS Note 716 (U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 1972)
A. Kornerup: The colour system in the Methuen Handbook of Colour. J. Oil Colour Chem. Assoc. 47(12), 955–970 (1964)
Standard method for specifying color by the Munsell system (ASTM Designation D 1535-62). Off. Dig., Fed. Soc. Coatings Technol. 36 (471), 373-408 (1964)
Standard Method of Specifying Color by the Munsell System. ASTM Designation D 1535-80. (American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia 1980)
S.M. Newhall, D. Nickerson, D.B. Judd: Final report of the OSA Subcommittee on the spacing of the Munsell colors. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 33(7), 385–418 (1943)
D. Nickerson: Spacing of the Munsell colors. Illum. Eng. (N.Y.) 40(6), 373–386 (1945)
A. Hård: “Philosophy of the Hering-Johansson Natural Colour System”, in Proceedings of the International Colour Meeting, Lucerne 1965, Vol. 1 (Musterschmidt, Göttingen 1966) pp. 357-365; Die Farbe 15, 296 (1966)
A. Hård: “A New Colour Atlas Based on the Natural Colour System by Hering-Johansson”, in Proceedings of the International Colour Meeting, Lucerne 1965, Vol. 1 (Musterschmidt, Göttingen 1966) pp. 367-375; Die Farbe 15, 287 (1966)
A. Hård: Quality Attributes of Color Perception. Paper presented at Colour 69, First Congress of the International Colour Association, Stockholm (1969)
A. Hård: “The Natural Colour System and Its Universal Application in the Study of Environmental Design”, in Colour for Architecture, ed. by T. Porter, B. Mikellides (Studio Vista, London 1975) pp. 108–119
D.B. Judd, D. Nickerson: Relations between Munsell and Swedish Natural Colour System scales. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 65(1), 85–90 (1975)
A. Hård, L. Sivik: NCS — Natural Colour System: A Swedish standard for color notation. Color Res. Appl. 6(3), 129–138 (1981)
A survey of American color specifications — 1955. Off. Dig., Fed. Soc. Coatings Technol. 28 (381), 902-921 (1956)
D.L. MacAdam: Colorimetric data for samples of OSA uniform color scales. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 68, 121-130 (1978); Addenda, 55 pages of tables including tabulations of CIE 1931 (x, y, Y) CIE ILL C for all color samples, American Institute of Physics (AIP) Document No. PAPS JOSA-68-121-55 (1978); 570 pages of spectrophotometric and colorimetric data (6 microfiches), Document No. PAPS JOSA-69-206-564 (1978)
D. Nickerson: Munsell renotations for samples of the OSA Uniform Color Scales J. Opt. Soc. Am. 68, 1343–1347 (1978)
D. Nickerson: History of the OSA Committee on Uniform Scales. Opt. News 3(1), 8–17 (1977)
D. Nickerson: Optical Society of America (OSA) Uniform Color Scale samples. Leonardo 12(3), 206–212 (1979)
D. Nickerson: OSA Uniform Color Scale samples, a unique set. Color. Res. Appl. 6(1), 7–33 (1981)
D. Nickerson: Gleichabständige OSA-Farbreihen, ein einzigartiges Farbmustersortiment (translated by K. Richter). Farbe + Design (12), 16-24 (1979)
W.E.K. Middleton: The Plochere color system: A descriptive analysis. Can. J. Res. Sect. F 27, 1 (1949)
Textile Colors from Munsell. Color Res. Appl. 9 (2), 117-118 (1984)
G. Reimann, D.B. Judd, J.H. Keegan: Spectrophotometric and colorimetric determination of the TCCA Standard Color Cards. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 36, 128–159 (1946)
F. Birren: Color identification and nomenclature: A history. Color Res. Appl. 4(1), 14–18 (1979)
Faber Birren Collection of Books on Color, Art and Architecture Library, Yale University. A Bibliography. (Yale University Library, New Haven, Conn. 1982)
R.L. Herbert: A color bibliography: The Faber Birren Collection on color. Yale Univ. Library Gazette 40(1), 2–49 (1974)
R.L. Herbert: A color bibliography, II: Additions to the Faber Birren Collection on Color. Yale Univ. Library Gazette 52, 127–165 (1978)
The Colour Reference Library — Royal College of Art. Leonardo 17 (1), 50 (1984)
D. Nickerson, S.M. Newhall: A psychological color solid. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 33(7), 419–423 (1943)
Munsell-CIE (1931) Diagrams. Set of 14 digarams. (Munsell Color, Baltimore)
Munsell Limit Color Cascade. (Munsell Color, Baltimore 1974)
W.C. Granville, C.E. Foss, I.H. Godlove: Color Harmony Manual: Colorimetric analysis of the third edition. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 40, 265A (1950)
W. Schultze: Farbenlehre und Farbenmessung. Eine kurze Einführung. 2nd ed. (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1966) (3rd ed. 1975)
A. Hård: The Swedish Colour Centre Foundation. Color Res. Appl. 11(1), 8–10 (1986)
G. Tonnquist: Philosophy of perceived color order systems. Color Res. Appl. 11(1), 51–55 (1986)
NCS, Natural Colour System (brochure) (Scandinavian Colour Institute, Stockholm 1980)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1987 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Agoston, G.A. (1987). Color Systems. In: Color Theory and Its Application in Art and Design. Springer Series in Optical Sciences, vol 19. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-34734-7_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-34734-7_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-17095-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-34734-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive