Zusammenfassung
Opiate und deren teilweise synthetischen Derivate gehören zu den ältesten medizinisch eingesetzten Substanzen. Ihre vielfältigen Effekte wurden schon immer sowohl medizinisch als auch missbräuchlich genutzt. Medizinisch wurden Opiate seit langem analgetisch und in neuerer Zeit auch narkotisch genutzt. Der Missbrauch ist gekennzeichnet durch die berauschende, sedierende Wirkung der Opioide.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Literatur
Abs R, Verhelst J, Maeyaert J et al. (2000). Endocrine consequences of long-term intrathecal administration of opioids. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85: 2215–2222
Alford DP, Compton P, Samet JH (2006). Acute pain management for patients receiving maintenance methadone or buprenorphine therapy. Ann Intern Med 14: 127–134
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4. Aufl.). Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association 1994: 175–255
Athanasos P, Smith CS, White JM et al. (2006). Methadone maintenance patients are cross-tolerant to the antinociceptive effects of very high plasma morphine concentrations. Pain 120: 267–275
Ballantyne JC, Mao JM (2003). Opioid therapy for chronic pain. N Engl J Med 349: 1943–1953
Ballard PA, Tetrud JW, Langston JW (1985). Permanent human parkinsonism due to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP): seven cases. Neurology 35: 949–956
Barnung SK, Treschow M, Borgbjerg FM (1997). Respiratory depression following oral tramadol in a patient with impaired renal function. Pain 71: 111–112
Bryant HU, Bernton EW, Holaday JW (1988). Immunsuppressive effects of morphine treatment in mice. Life Sci 41: 1731–1738
Buajordet I, Naess AC, Jacobsen D, Brors O (2004). Adverse events after naloxone treatment of episodes of suspected acute opioid overdose. Eur J Emerg Med 11:19–23
Cami J, Farre M (2003). Drug addiction. N Engl J Med 349: 975–986
Cassidy B, Cyna AM (2004). Challenges that opioid-dependent women present to the obstetric anaesthesist. Anaesth Intensive Care 32: 494–501.
Clarke SF, Dargan PI, Jones AL (2005). Naloxone in opioid poisoning: walking the tightrope. Emerg Med J 22: 612–616
Compton P, Charuvastra VC, Kintaudi K (2000). Pain responses in methadone-maintained opioid abusers. J Pain Symptom Manag 20: 237–245
De Gans J, Stam J, van Wijngaarden GK (1985). Rhabdomyolysis and concomitant neurological lesions after intravenous heroin abuse. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 48: 1057–1059
Dahan A, Yassen A, Romberg R et al. (2006). Buprenorphine induces ceiling in respiratory depression but not in analgesia. Br J Anaesth 96: 627–632
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Palliativmedizin (2005). www.dgpalliativmedizin.de
zahlen_drogen.html
Di Chiara G (1999). Drug addiction as dopamine-dependent associative learning disorder. Eur J Pharmacol 375: 13–30
Doverty M, White JM, Somogyi AA, et al. (2001 a). Hyperalgesic responses in methadone maintenance patients. Pain 90: 91–96
Doverty M, Somogyi AA, White JM et al. (2001 b). Methadone maintenance patients are cross-tolerant to the antinociceptive effects of morphine. Pain 93: 155–163
Endress C, Guyot DR, Fata J et al. (1990). Cervical osteomyelitis due to i.v. heroin use: radiologic findings in 14 patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol 155: 333–335
European Medicines Agency (2006) www.emea.eu.int/humandocs/PDFs/EPAR/orlaam/016997de4.pdf#search=%22methadon%20substitutionstherapie%22
Fiellin DA, O’Connor PG (2002). Office-based treatment of opioid-dependent patients. N Engl J Med 347: 817–823
Fiellin DA, Pantalon MV, Chawarski MC et al. (2006). Counseling plus buprenorphine-naloxone maintenance therapy for opioid dependence. N Engl J Med 355: 365–374.
Finch PM, Roberts LJ, Price L et al. (2000). Hypogonadism in patients treated with intrathecal morphine. Clin J Pain 16: 251–254
Fleisch F, Zbinden R, Vanoli C, Ruef C (2001). Epidemic spread of a single clone of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among injection users in Zurich, Switzerland. Clin Infect Dis 32: 581–586
Freye E, Kuschinsky K (1976). The effect of fentanyl and droperidol on the dopamine metabolism of the rat striatum. Pharmacology 14: 1–7
Freye E, (2004) Der opioidabhängige Patient. In: Freye E. Opioide in der Medizin, 6. Aufl. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 325–356
Gil M, Sala M, Anguera I et al. (2003). QT prolongation and Torsades de Pointes in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus and treated with methadone. Am J Cardiol. 92: 995–997
Gillman PK (2005). Monoamine oxidase inhibitors, opioid analgesics and serotonin toxicity. Br J Anaesth. 95: 434–441
Gnanadesigan N, Espinoza RT, Smith R, Israel M, Reuben DB (2005). Interaction of serotonergic antidepressants and opioid analgesics: Is serotonin syndrome going undetected? J Am Med Dir Assoc. 6: 265–269
Goldmann B, Barr CS (2002). Restoring the addicted brain. N Engl J Med 347: 843–844
Gonzalez JP, Brogden RN (1988). Naltrexone — A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic efficacy in the management of opioid dependence. Drugs 35: 192–213
Gordon JR, Lowy FD (2005). Bacterial infections in drug users. N Engl J Med 353: 1945–1954
Guignard B, Bossard AE, Coste C et al. (2000). Acute opioid tolerance: intraoperative remifentanil increases postoperative pain and morphine requirement. Anesthesiology 93: 409–417
Hecker E, Friedli WG (1985). Plexus lesions, rhabdomyolysis and heroin. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 118: 1982–1988
IFT (2006). www.ift.de/index.php?id=216
Jage J, Willweber-Strumpf A, Maier C (2005). Risikofaktoren für Missbrauch und Abhängigkeit bei der Opioidtherapie chronischer nicht-tumorbedingter Schmerzen. Schmerz 19: 434–440
Jage J, Heid F (2006). Anästhesie und Analgesie bei Suchtpatienten. Anaesthesist 55: 611–628
Jasinski DR, Preston KL (1986). Comparison of intravenously administered methadone, morphine and heroin. Drug Alcohol Depend 17: 301–310
Kantor TG, Cantor R, Tom E (1980). A study of hospitalized surgical patients on methadone maintenance. Drug Alcohol Depend 6: 163–173
Karasz A, Zallman L, Berg K et al. (2004). The experience of chronic severe pain in patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment. J Pain Symptom Manage 28: 517–525
Klockgether-Radke AP, Gaus P, Neumann P (2002). Opioid intoxication following transdermal administration of fentanyl. Anaesthesist 51: 269–271
Kochs E, Cote D, Deruyck L et al. (2000). Postoperative pain management and recovery after remifentanil-based anaesthesia with isoflurane or propofol for major abdominal surgery. Br J Anaesth 84: 169–173
Koppert W (2005). Opioidvermittelte Analgesie und Hyperalgesie — Dr. Jekyll und Mr. Hyde der Schmerztherapie. Schmerz 19: 386–394
Kosten R, O’Conner PG (2003). Management of drug and alcohol withdrawal. N Engl J Med 348: 1786–1795
Kramer C, Tawney M (1998). A fatal overdose of transdermally administered fentanyl. J Am Osteopath Assoc 98:385–386
Kreek MJ (1973). Medical safety and side effects of methadone in tolerant individuals. JAMA 233: 665–668
Kuhlman JJ Jr, McCaulley R, Valouch TJ et al. (2003). Fentanyl use, misuse, and abuse: a summary of 23 postmortem cases. J Anal Toxicol 27: 499–504
Langston JW, Ballard P, Tetrud JW (1983). Chronic Parkinsonism in humans due to a product of meperidine-analog synthesis. Science 219: 979–980
Liappas IA, Dimopoulos NP, Mellos E et al. (2004). Oral transmukosal abuse of transdermal fentanyl. J Psychopharmacol 18: 277–280
Lötsch J, Geisslinger G (2006). Current evidence for a genetic modulation of the response to analgesics. Pain 121: 1–5
Manekeller S, Tolba RH, Schroeder S et al. (2004). Analysis of vascular complications in intravenous drug addicts after puncture of femoral vessels. Zentralbl Chir 129: 21–28
Manfredi PL, Gonzales GR, Cheville AL, Kornick C, Payne R (2001). Methadone analgesia in cancer pain patients on chronic methadone maintenance therapy. J Pain Symptom Manage 21: 169–174
McHugh GJ (1999). Norpethidine accumulation and generalized seizure during pethidine patient-controlled analgesia. Anaesth Intensive Care. 27: 289–291
tessin
Merrill JO, Rhodes LA, Deyo RA, Marlatt GA, Bradley KA (2002). Mutual mistrust in the medical care of drug users: the keys to the “narc” cabinet. J Gen Intern Med 17: 327–333
Mitra S, Sinatra RS (2004). Perioperative management of acute pain in the opioid-dependent patient. Anesthesiology 101: 212–227
Nestler EJ (2001). Molecular basis of long-term plasticity underlying addiction. Nat Rev Neurosci 2: 119–128
O’Brien B, Cody C (2006). Analgesia and sedation in the presence of a naltrexone implant: a novel pharmacological challenge. Eur J Emerg Med 13: 315–316
Palm S, Lehzen S, Mignat C et al. (1998). Does prolonged oral treatment with sustained-release morphine tablets influence immune function? Anesth Analg 86: 166–172
Park GR, Weir DA (1984). A comparison of the effects of oral controlled release morphine on gastric emptying. Anaesthesia 39: 645–648
Passik SD, Kirsh KL, McDonald MV et al. (2000). A pilot survey of abberant drug-taking attitudes and behaviour in samples of cancer and AIDS patients. J Pain Sympt Manage 19: 274–286
Philipp BL, Merewood A, O’Brian S (2003). Methadone and breastfeeding: new horizons. Pediatrics 111: 1429–1430
Roberge RJ, Krenzelok EP, Mrvos R (2000). Transdermal drug delivery system exposure outcomes. J Emerg Med 18:147–151
Simopoulos TT, Smith HS, Peeters-Asdourian C (2002). Use of meperidine in patient-controlled analgesia and the development of a normeperidine toxic reaction. Arch Surg 137: 84–88
Stachowske R (2002). Mehrgenerationentherapie und Genogramme in der Drogenhilfe. Drogenabhängigkeit und Familiengeschichte. Heidelberg: Asanger Verlag
Sterrett C, Brownfield J, Korn CS et al. (2003). Patterns of presentation in heroin overdose resulting in pulmonary edema. Am J Emerg Med. 21: 32–34
Sticherling C, Schaer BA, Ammann P (2005). Methadone-induced Torsade de pointes. Swiss Med Wkly. 135: 282–285
Tharp AM, Winecker RE, Winston DC (2004). Fatal intravenous fentanyl abuse: four cases involving extraction of fentanyl from transdermal patches. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 25: 178–181
2006/wdr2006_chap6_treatment.pdf
drug_report.html
Van Dorp E, Yassen A, Sarton E et al. (2006). Naloxone reversal of buprenorphine-induced respiratory depression. Anesthesiology 105: 51–57
Yaeger MY, Yu CT, Campbell AS et al. (1992). Effect of morphine and β-endorphin on human Fc receptor dependant and natural killer cell functions. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 62/3: 336–343
Yee MK, Evans WD, Facey PE, Hayward WJ, Rosen M (1991). Gastric emptying and small bowel transit in male volunteers after i.m. ketorolac and morphine. Z Gastroenterol 24: 179–187
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer Medizin Verlag Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Niebergall, H. (2007). Opiate und Opioide. In: Vagts, D.A. (eds) Suchtmittel in der AINS. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-33734-8_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-33734-8_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-33733-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-33734-8
eBook Packages: Medicine (German Language)