Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Literatur zu Kapitel 4
Allen M, Mathisen D, Grillo H, Wain J, Moncure A, Hilgenberg A (1991) Bronchogenic carcinoma with chest wall invasion. Ann Thorac Surg 51:948–951
Alyafei S, Inoue T, Zhang H et al. (1999) Image fusion system using PACS for MRI, CT, and PET images. Clin Pos Imag 2:137–143
Arita T, Kuramitsu T, Kawamura M, Matsumoto T, Matsunaga N, Sugi K, Esato K (1995) Bronchogenic carcinoma: incidence of metastases to normal sized lymph nodes. Thorax 50:1267–1269
Arita T, Matsumoto T, Kuramitsu T, Kawamura M, Matsunaga N, Sugi K, Esato K (1996) Is it possible to differentiate malignant mediastinal nodes from benign nodes by sizes? Reevaluation by CT, transesophageal echocardiography, and nodal specimen. Chest 110:1004–1008
Aronchick J (1990) CT of mediastinal lymph nodes in patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma. Radiol Clin North Am 28:573–581
Austin J, Ronney B, Goldsmith L (1992) Missed bronchogenic carcinoma: radiographic findings in 27 patients with a potentially resectable lesion evident in retrospect. Radiology 182:115–122
Bains M (1991) Surgical treatment of lung cancer. Chest 100:826–837
Becher H, Wahrendorf J (1994) Passivrauchen und Lungenkrebs. Dtsch Ärztebl 48:3352–3357
Becher H, Wahrendorf J (2003) Ätiologie und Epidemiologie. In: Drings P, Dienmann H, Wannenmacher M (Hrsg) Management des Lungenkarzinoms. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokio, S 11–20
Becker G, Whitlock W, Schaefer P, Tenholder M (1990) The impact of thoracic computed tomography in clinically staged T1N0M0 chest lesions. Arch Intern Med 150:557–559
Belli L, Meroni A, Rondinara G, Beati C (1985) Bronchoplastic procedures and pulmonary artery reconstruction in the treatment of bronchogenic cancer. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 90:167–171
Bennet W, Smith R (1978) A twenty-year analysis of the results of sleeve resection for primary bronchogenic carcinoma. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 76:840–845
Berlin N, Bucher C, Fontana R, Frost J, Melamed M (1984) The National Cancer Institute Cooperative Early Lung Cancer Detection Program. Results of the initial screen (prevalence). Early lung cancer detection: Introduction. Am Rev Respir Dis 130:545–549
Black W, Armstrong P, Daniel T (1988) Cost effectiveness of chest CT in T1N0M0 lung cancer. Radiology 167:373–378
Boiselle PM, Patz EF Jr, Vining DJ, Weissleder R, Shepard JA, McLoud TC (1998) Imaging of mediastinal lymph nodes: CT, MR, and FDG PET. Radiographics 18:1061–1069
Boland GW, Goldberg MA, Lee MJ, Mayo-Smith WW, Dixon J, McNicholas MM, Mueller PR (1995) Indeterminate adrenal mass in patients with cancer: evaluation at PET with 2-[F-18]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose. Radiology 194:131–134
Boland GW, Lee M, Gazelle G, Halpern E, McNicholas M, Mueller P (1998) Characterization of adrenal masses using unen-hanced CT: an analysis of the CT literature. Am J Roentgenol 171:201–204
Bollen E, Goei R, Hof-Grootenboer van’t AE, Versteege C, Engelshove H, Lamers R (1994a) Interobserver variability and accuracy of computed tomographic assessment of nodal status in lung cancer. Ann Thorac Surg 58:158–162
Bollen E, Theunissen P, Duin C van, Drenth B, Noord J van, Blijham G (1994b) Clinical significance of intranodal and extranodal growth in lymph node metastases of non-small cell lung cancer. Scand J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 28:1–11
Both M, Schultze J, Reuter M et al. (2005) Fast Tl-and T2-weighted pulmonary MR-imaging in patients with bronchial carcinoma. Eur J Radiol 53:478–488
Bragg DG (1991) Applications of imaging in lung cancer. Cancer 67:1165–1168
Bragg DG (1994) The diagnosis and staging of primary lung cancer. Radiol Clin North Am 32:1–14
Brink J, Heiken J, Semenkowich J, Teefey S, McClennan B, Sagel S (1994) Abnormalities of the diaphragm and adjacent structures: findings on multiplanar spiral CT scans. Am J Roentgenol 163:307–310
Bury T, Paulus P, Dowlati A et al. (1996) Staging of the mediastinum: value of positron emission tomography imaging in non-small cell lung cancer. Eur Respir J 9:2560–2564
Buy J-N, Ghossain MA, Poirson F et al. (1988) Computed tomography of mediastinal lymph nodes in non-small cell lung cancer: a new approach based on the lymphatic pathways of tumor spread. J Comput Assist Tomogr 12:545–552
Castagno A, Shuman W (1987) MR imaging in clinically suspected brachial plexus tumor. Am J Roentgenol 149:1219–1222
Chang AE, Schaner EG, Conkle DM, Flye MW, Doppman JL, Rosenberg SA (1979) Evaluation of computed tomography in the detection of pulmonary metastases: a prospective study. Cancer 43:913–916
Conces D, Klink J, Tarver R, Moak G (1989) T1N0M0 lung cancer: evaluation with CT. Radiology 170:643–646
Cummings SR, Lillington GA, Richard RJ (1986) Managing solitary pulmonary nodules. The choice of strategy is a “close call”. Am Rev Respir Dis 134:453–460
Dales RE, Stark RM, Raman S (1990) Computed tomography to stage lung cancer. Approaching a controversy using meta-analysis. Am Rev Respir Dis 141:1096–1101
Daly BJ, Faling L, Gunars BP et al. (1987) Mediastinal lymph node evaluation by computed tomography in lung cancer: an analysis of 345 patients grouped by TNM staging, tumour size, and tumour location. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 94:664–672
Daly BJ, Mueller J, Faling L, Diehl J, Bankoff M, Karp D, Rand W (1993) N2 lung cancer: outcome in patients with false-negative computed tomographic scans of the chest. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 105:904–911
Decker D, Dines D, Payne W, Bernatz P, Pairolero P (1978) The significance of a cytologically negative pleural effusion in bronchogenic carcinoma. Chest 74:640–642
DeLand F, Sauerbrunn B, Boyd C et al. (1974) 67 Ga citrate imaging in untreated primary lung cancer. Preliminary report of the cooperative group. J Nucl Med 15:408–411
Delorme S, Knopp MV, Kauczor H-U, Zuna I, Trost U, Haber-korn U, Kaick G van (1992) Rekurrensparesen: computerto-mographische Analyse intrathorakaler Befunde. Radiologe 32:430–435
Demirkan B, Baskan Z, Alacacioglu A et al. (2005) False negative bone scintigraphy in a patient with primary breast cancer: a possible transient phenomenon of bisphosphonate (alendronate) treatment. Tumori 91:77–80
Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft (2004) Therapie des kleinzelligen Lungenkarzinoms. Qualitätssicherung in der Onkologie — Diagnostik und Therapie maligner Erkrankungen. Kurzgefasste interdisziplinäre Leitlinien. Zuckschwerdt, München, S 101–138
Dewan NA, Gupta NC, Redepenning LS, Phalen JJ, Frick MP (1993) Diagnostic efficacy of PET-FDG imaging in solitary pulmonary nodules. Potential role in evaluation and management. Chest 104:997–1002
Dillemans B, Deneffe G, Verschakelen J, Decramer M (1994) Value of computed tomography and mediascopy evaluation of mediastinal nodes in non-small cell lung cancer. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 8:37–42
Doll R, Peto R (1981) The causes of cancer: quantitative estimates of avoidable risks of cancer in the United States today. J Natl Cancer Inst 66:1191–1308
Dooms G, Hricak H, Moseley M, Bottles K, Fisher M, Higgins C (1985) Characterisation of lymphadenopathy by magnetic resonance relaxation times: preliminary results. Radiology 155:691–697
Drings P (1990) Diagnostische Strategic und Therapieplanung beim Bronchialkarzinom. Radiologe 30:149–154
Duncan K, Gomersall L, Weir J (1993) Computed tomography of the chest in T1N0M0 non-small cell bronchial carcinoma. Br J Radiol 66:20–22
Dwamena BA, Sonnad SS, Angobaldo JO, Wahl RL (1999) Metastases from non-small cell lung cancer: mediastinal staging in the 1990s — meta-analytic comparison of PET and CT. Radiology 213:530–536
Erasmus J, Patz E, McAdams H, Murray J, Hemdon J, Coleman R, Goodman P (1997) Evaluation of adrenal masses in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma using 18F-fluorodeoxy-glucose positron emission tomography. Am J Roentgenol 168:5–20
Filderman A, Shaw C, Matthay R (1986) Lung cancer II. Staging and therapy. Invest Radiol 21:173–185
Fink C, Plathow C, Klopp M, Schmahl A, Kauczor HU (2004) MRI of lung cancer. Radiologe 44:435–443
Finkelstein SE, Schrump DS, Nguyen DM, Hewitt SM, Kunst TF, Summers RM (2003) Comparative evaluation of super high-resolution CT scan and virtual bronchoscopy for the detection of tracheobronchial malignancies. Chest 124:1834–1840
Frank A, Lefkowitz D, Jaeger S et al. (1995) Decision logic for retreatment of asymptomatic lung cancer recurrence based on positron emission tomography findings. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 32:1495–1512
Friedman P (1988) Lung cancer: update on staging classifications. Am J Roentgenol 150:261–264
Funatsu T, Matsubara Y, Ikeda S, Hatakenaka R, Hanawa T, Ishida H (1994) Preoperative mediastinoscopic assessment of N factors and the need for mediastinal lymph node dissection in Tl lung cancer. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 108:321–328
Gambhir SS, Hoh CK, Phelps ME, Madar I, Maddahi J (1996) Decision tree sensitivity analysis for cost-effectiveness of FDG-PET in the staging and management of non-small-cell lung carcinoma. J Nucl Med 37:1428–1436
Gamroth A, Kaick G van, Gorich J, Probst G, Eichberger D, Beyer-Enke S, Tuengerthal S (1988) Die Beurteilung intra-pulmonaler Rundherde mit Hilfe der Dünnschichtcomputertomographie. Fortschr Röntgenstr 148:21–27
Garfinkel L, Stellman SD (1988) Smoking and lung cancer in women: findings in a prospective study. Cancer Res 58:6951–6955
Genereux G, Howie J (1984) Normal mediastinal lymph node size and number: CT and anatomic study. Am J Roentgenol 142:1095–1100
Georgian D, Rice T, Mehta A, Wiedemann H, Stoller J, O’Donovan P (1990) Intrathoracic lymph node evaluation by CT and MRI with histopathologic correlation in non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma. Clin Imaging 14:35–40
Ghanem N, Altehoefer C, Hogerle S, Schafer O, Winterer J, Moser E, Langer M (2002) Comparative diagnostic value and therapeutic relevance of magnetic resonance imaging and bone marrow scintigraphy in patients with metastatic solid tumors of the axial skeleton. Eur J Radiol 43:256–261
Gierada DS, Curtin JJ, Erickson SJ, Prost RW, Strandt JA, Goodman LR (1995) Diaphragmatic motion: fast gradient-recalled-echo MR imaging in healthy subjects. Radiology 194:879–884
Glazer GM, Gross BH, Quint LE, Francis IR, Bookstein FL, Orringer MB (1985) Normal mediastinal lymph nodes: number and size according to American Thoracic Society mapping. Am J Roentgenol 144:261–265
Glazer GM, Orringer M, Chenevert T et al. (1988) Mediastinal lymph nodes: relaxation time/pathologic correlation and implications of lung cancer staging with MR imaging. Radiology 168:429–431
Glazer HS, Duncan-Meyer J, Aronberg DJ, Moran JF, Levitt RG, Sagel SS (1985) Pleural and chest wall invasion in broncho-genic carcinoma: CT evaluation. Radiology 157:191–194
Glazer HS, Kaiser LR, Anderson DJ, Molina PL, Emami B, Roper CL, Sagel SS (1989) Indeterminate mediastinal invasion in bronchogenic carcinoma: CT evaluation. Radiology 173:37–42
Goldberg BB, Steiner RM, Liu JB et al. (1994) US-assisted bronchoscopy with use of miniature transducer-containing catheters. Radiology 190:233–237
Goldstraw P, Mannam G, Kaplan D, Michail P (1994) Surgical management of non-small cell lung cancer with ipsilateral mediastinal node metastasis (N2 disease). J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 107:19–27
Görich J, Beyer-Enke S, Probst G, Layer G, Kaick G van (1990) Computertomographische Befunde bei pulmonalen Hamartochondromen. Röntgenpraxis 43:138–141
Grenier P, Dubray B, Carette M, Frija G, Muset D, Chastang C (1989) Preoperative thoracic staging of lung cancer: CT and MR evaluation. Diagn Intervent Radiol 1:23–28
Grippi M (1990) Clinical aspects of lung cancer. Semin Roentgenol 25:12–24
Gross B, Glazer G, Orringer M, Spizamy D, Flint A (1986) Bronchogenic carcinoma metastatic to normal-sized lymph nodes: frequency and significance. Radiology 166:71–74
Guckel C, Schnabel K, Deimling M, Steinbrich W (1996) Solitary pulmonary nodules: MR evaluation of enhancement patterns with contrast-enhanced dynamic snapshot gradient echo imaging. Radiology 200:681–686
Gupta NC, Frank AR, Dewan NA et al. (1992) Solitary pulmonary nodules: detection of malignancy with PET with 2-[F-18]-Fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose. Radiology 184:441–444
Gupta NC, Maloof J, Gunel E (1996) Probability of malignancy in solitary pulmonary nodules using fluorine-18-FDG and PET. J Nucl Med 37:943–948
Gürtler K-F, Riebel T, Beron G, Heller M, Euler A (1984) Vergleich von Röntgenübersichtsaufnahmen, Röntgenschichtaufnahmen und Computertomogrammen bei pulmonalen Rundherden im Kindes-und Jugendalter. Fortschr Röntgenstr 140:416–420
Guyatt G, Lefcoe M, Walter S et al. (1995) Interobserver variation in the computed tomographic evaluation of mediastinal lymph node size in patients with potentially resectable lung cancer. Chest 107:116–119
Hahn J-M (1998) Checkliste Innere Medizin, Thieme, Stuttgart
Haider MA, Ghai S, Jhaveri K, Lockwood G (2004) Chemical shift MR imaging of hyperattenuating (>10 HU) adrenal masses: does it still have a role? Radiology 231:711–716
Heavey L, Glazer G, Gross B, Francis I, Orringer M (1986) The role of CT in staging radiographic T1N0M0 lung cancer. Am J Roentgenol 146:285–290
Heelan R, Martini N, Westcott J et al. (1985) Carcinomatous involvement of the hilum and mediastinum: computed tomographic and magnetic resonance evaluation. Radiology 156:111–115
Heelan R, Panicek D, Burt M et al. (1997) Magnetic resonance imaging of the postpneumonectomy chest: normal and abnormal findings. J Thorac Imaging 12:200–208
Henschke C, McCauley D, Yankelevitz D et al. (1999) Early lung cancer project: overall design and findings from baseline screening. Lancet 354:99–105
Herman SJ, Winton TL, Weisbrod GL, Towers MJ, Mentzer SJ (1994) Mediastinal invasion by bronchogenic carcinoma: CT signs. Radiology 190:841–846
Herth FJ, Eberhardt R (2005) Screeningprogramme für das Bronchialkarzinom — Contra. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 130:467
Houston J, Fleet M, McMillan N, Cowan M (1995) Ultrasonic assessment of hemidiaphragmatic movement: an indirect method of evaluating mediastinal invasion in non-small cell lung cancer. Br J Radiol 68:695–699
Ikezoe J, Kadowaki K, Morimoto S et al. (1990) Mediastinal lymph node metastases from non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma: reevaluation with CT. J Comput Assist Tomogr 14:340–344
Inoue T, Kim E, Komaki R et al. (1995) Detecting recurrent or residual lung cancer with FDG-PET. J Nucl Med 36:788–793
IARC International Agency for Research on Cancer (1986) Tobacco smoking. IARC monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans, vol 38
Izbicki J, Passlick B, Karg O, Bloechle C, Pantel K, Knoefel W, Thetter O (1995) Impact of radical systematic mediastinal lymphadenectomy on tumor staging in lung cancer. Ann Thorac Surg 59:209–214
Jacobson AF (1997) Musculoskeletal pain as an indicator of occult malignancy. Yield of bone scintigraphy. Arch Intern Med 157:105–109
Jadvar H, Segall G (1997) False-negative fluorine-18-FDG PET in metastatic carcinoid. J Nucl Med 38:1382–1383
Jöckel K, Ahrens W, Jahn I, Pohlabeln H, Bolm-Audorff U (1995) Untersuchungen zu Lungenkrebs und Risiken am Arbeitsplatz. Schriftenreihe der Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsmedizin. Wirtschaftsverlag, Bremerhaven
Kameda K, Adachi S, Kono M (1988) Detection of T-factor in lung cancer using magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. J Thorac Imaging 3:73–80
Kauczor HU, Gamroth AH, Tuengerthal SJ, Hausmann R, Schad LR, Semmler W, Kaick G van (1992) MR angiography. Its use in pulmonary and mediastinal space-occupying lesions. Rofo 157:15–20
Kauczor H-U, Wolcke B, Fischer B, Mildenberger P, Lorenz J, Thelen M (1996) Three-dimensional helical CT of the tracheobronchial tree: evaluation of imaging protocols and assessment of suspected stenoses with bronchoscopic correlation. Am J Roentgenol 167:419–424
Kerr KM, Lamb D, Wathen CG, Walker WS, Douglas NJ (1992) Pathological assessment of mediastinal lymph nodes in lung cancer: implications for non-invasive mediastinal staging. Thorax 47:337–341
Kiessling F, Boese J, Corvinus C et al. (2004) Perfusion CT in patients with advanced bronchial carcinomas: a novel chance for characterization and treatment monitoring? Eur Radiol 14:1226–1233
Kiyono K, Sone S, Sakai F et al. (1988) The number and size of normal mediastinal lymph nodes: a postmortem study. Am J Roentgenol 150:771–776
Kobayashi T, Satoh K, Sasaki M, Mitani M, Takahashi K, Ohkawa M, Tanabe M (1997) Bronchoalveolar carcinoma with widespread ground-glass shadow on CT in two cases. J Comput Assist Tomogr 21:133–135
König R, Kaick G van, Lüllich G, Vogt-Moykopf I (1983) Computertomographische Beurteilung mediastinaler Lymphknoten beim Bronchialkarzinom. Fortschr Röntgenstr 138:682–688
Kono M, Adachi S, Kusumoto M, Sakai E (1993) Clinical utility of Gd-DTPA-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in lung cancer. J Thorac Imaging 8:18–26
Kooperative onkologische Gruppe „Thoraxtumoren“ am Nationalen Centrum für Tumortherapie (NCT) Heidelberg (2004) SOP für das Bronchialkarzinom
Korobkin M, Brodeur F, Francis I, Quint L, Dunnick N, Goodsitt M (1996) Delayed enhanced CT for differentiation of benign from malignant adrenal masses. Radiology 200:737–742
Kubota K, Matsuzawa T, Fujiwara T, Ito M, Hatazawa J, Ishiwata K, Iwata R, Ido T (1990) Differential diagnosis of lung tumor with positron emission tomography: a prospective study. J Nucl Med 31:1927–1932
Laissy J-P, Gay-Depassier P, Soyer P et al. (1994) Enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes in bronchogenic carcinoma: assessment with dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology 191:263–267
Laurent F, Drouillard J, Dorcier F et al. (1988) Bronchogenic carcinoma staging: CT vs MR imaging — assessment with surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2:31–36
Layer G, Kaick G van (1990) Staging des nichtkleinzelligen Bronchialkarzinoms mit CT und MRT. Radiologe 30:155–163
Layer G, Jarosch K (1992) Magnetresonanztomographie des Knochenmarks zum Nachweis von Metastasen solider Tumoren. Radiologe 32:502–508
Lee KS, Yoon JH, Kim TK, Kim JS, Chung MP, Kwon OJ (1997) Evaluation of tracheobronchial disease with helical CT with multiplanar and three-dimensional reconstruction: correlation with bronchoscopy. Radiographics 17:555–567
Levitt R, Glazer H, Roper C, Lee J, Murphy W (1985) Magnetic resonance imaging of mediastinal and hilar masses: comparison with CT. Am J Roentgenol 145:9–14
Lewis P, Griffin S, Marsden P, Gee T, Nunan T, Malsey M, Dussek J (1994) Whole-body 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in preoperative evaluation of lung cancer. Lancet 344:1265–1266
Libshitz H, McKenna RJ (1984) Mediastinal lymph node size in lung cancer. Am J Roentgenol 143:715–718
Libshitz H, McKenna RJ, Mountain C (1986) Patterns of mediastinal metastases in bronchogenic carcinoma. Chest 90:229–232
Liebig S, Greschuchna D, Kaiser D, Loddenkemper R, Maassen W, Toomes H (1988) Empfehlungen zur Diagnostik, Stadieneinteilung und operativen Therapie des Bronchialkarzinoms. Prax Klin Pneumol 42:735–741
Lowe VJ, Hoffman JM, DeLong DM, Patz EF, Coleman RE (1994) Semiquantitative and visual analysis of FDG-PET images in pulmonary abnormalities. J Nucl Med 35:1771–1776
Maile CW, Rodan BA, Godwin JD, Chen JT, Ravin CE (1982) Calcifications in pulmonary nodules. Br J Radiol 55:108–113
Marom EM, McAdams HP, Erasmus JJ et al. (1999) Staging non-small cell lung cancer with whole-body PET. Radiology 212:803–809
Martini N, Heelan R, Westcott J et al. (1985) Comparative merits of conventional computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging in assessing mediastinal involvement in surgically confirmed lung carcinoma. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 90:639–648
Mayer D, Bartz D, Fischer J et al. (2004) Hybrid segmentation and virtual bronchoscopy based on CT images (1). Acad Radiol 11:551–565
Mayo JR (1994) Magnetic resonance imaging of the chest: where we stand. Radiol Clin North Am 32:795–809
Mayr B, Lenhard M, Fink U, Heywang-Kobrunner S, Plassman LS de, Permanetter W (1992) Preoperative evaluation of bronchogenic carcinoma: value of MR in T-and N-staging. Eur J Radiol 14:245–251
McKenna R, Haynie T, Libshitz H, Mountain C, McMurtrey M (1985a) Critical evaluation of the Ga-67 scan for surgical patients with lung cancer. Chest 87:428–431
McKenna R, Libshitz H, Mountain C et al. (1985b) Roentgenographic evaluation of mediastinal nodes for preoperative assessment in lung cancer. Chest 88:206–210
McLoud TC (1989) CT of bronchogenic carcinoma: indeterminate mediastinal invasion. Radiology 173:15–16
McLoud TC, Flower CDR (1991) Imaging the pleura: sonography, CT, and MR imaging. Am J Roentgenol 156:1145–1153
McLoud TC, Filion R, Edelman R, Shephard JO (1989) MR imaging of superior sulcus carcinoma. J Comput Assist Tomogr 13:233–239
McLoud TC, Bourgouin PM, Greenberg RW et al. (1992) Bronchogenic carcinoma: analysis of staging in the mediastinum with CT by correlative lymph node mapping and sampling. Radiology 182:319–323
Mende T, Orlick M, Fischbeck O, Neef H (1990) Risk assessment of bronchial cancer surgery using quantitative lung perfusion scintigraphy. Nuklearmed 29:274–277
Mery CM, Pappas AN, Bueno R, Mentzer SJ, Lukanich JM, Sugarbaker DJ, Jaklitsch MT (2004) Relationship between a history of antecedent cancer and the probability of malignancy for a solitary pulmonary nodule. Chest 125:2175–2181
Mountain C (1993) Lung cancer staging classification. Clin Chest Med 14:43–53
Mountain C (1994) Surgery for stage IIIa-N2 non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer 73:2589–2598
Murata K, Takahashi M, Mori M et al. (1994) Chest wall and mediastinal invasion by lung cancer: evaluation with multi-section expiratory dynamic CT. Radiology 191:251–255
Musset D, Grenier P, Carette M et al. (1986) Primary lung cancer staging: prospective comparative study of MR imaging with CT. Radiology 160:607–611
Naidich DP, Harkin TJ (1995) Airways and lung: correlation of CT with fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Radiology 197:1–12
Naidich DP, Rusinek H, McGuinness G, Leitman B, McCauley DI, Henschke CI (1993) Variables affecting pulmonary nodule detection with computed tomography: evaluation with three-dimensional computer simulation. J Thorac Imaging 8:291–299
Nakano N, Yasumitsu T, Kotake Y, Morino H, Ikezoe J (1994) Preoperative histologic diagnosis of chest wall invasion by lung cancer using ultrasonically guided biopsy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 107:891–895
Naruke T, Goya T, Tsuchiya R, Suemasu K (1988) The importance of surgery to non-small cell carcinoma of lung with mediastinal lymph node metastasis. Ann Thorac Surg 46:603–610
Naruke T, Goya T, Tsuchiya R, Suemasu K (1998) Prognosis and survival in resected lung carcinoma based on the new international staging system. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 96:440–447
O’Connell R, McLoud T, Wilkins E (1983) Superior sulcus tumour: radiographic diagnosis and workup. Am J Roentgenol 140:25–30
Ohlhauser C, Bülzebruck H, Ebert W, Drings P, Wannenmacher M (1997) Prognostic factors for survival in inoperable non-small cell-lung cancer: a multivariate regression analyses of 456 patients who were treated with radiation therapy. Oncology 20:126–131
Onitsuka H, Tsukuda M, Araki A, Murakami J, Torii Y, Masuda K (1991) Differentiation of central lung tumor from post-obstructive lobar collapse by rapid sequence computed tomography. J Thorac Imaging 6:28–31
Padovani B, Mouroux J, Seksik L et al. (1993) Chest wall invasion by bronchogenic carcinoma: evaluation with MR imaging. Radiology 187:33–38
Pankow W, Köhler U, Wichert P von (1995) Diagnostik des nichtkleinzelligen Bronchialkarzinoms. Onkologe 5:441–446
Parker L, Mauro M, Delany D (1991) Evaluation of T1N0M0 lung cancer with CT. J Comput Assist Tomogr 15:943–947
Patterson A, Taylor D, McCready V (1975) A clinical comparison of the tumor imaging radiopharmaceuticals 67 Ga citrate and 111Indium labeled bleomycin. Br J Radiol 48:832–842
Patterson G, Ginsberg R, Poon P et al. (1987) A prospective evaluation of magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and mediastinoscopy in the preoperative assessment of mediastinal node status in bronchogenic carcinoma. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 94:679–684
Patz EF, Goodman PC (1994) Positron emission tomography imaging of the thorax. Radiol Clin North Am 32:811–823
Patz EF Jr, Lowe VJ, Hoffman JM, Paine SS, Burrowes P, Cole-man RE, Goodman PC (1993) Focal pulmonary abnormalities: evaluation with F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET scanning. Radiology 188:487–490
Pearlberg JL, Sandier MA, Beute GH, Lewis JW, Madraza BL (1987) Limitations of CT in evaluation of neoplasms involving chest wall. J Comput Assist Tomogr 11:290–293
Pearson F, DeLarue N, Ilves R, Todd T, Cooper J (1982) Significance of positive superior mediastinal nodes identified at mediastinoscopy in patients with resectable cancer of the lung. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 83:1–11
Pennes D, Glazer G, Wimbish K, Gross B, Long R, Orringer M (1985) Chest wall invasion by lung cancer: limitations of CT evaluation. Am J Roentgenol 144:507–511
Peuchot M, Libshitz HI (1987) Pulmonary metastatic disease: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiology 164:719–722
Pieterman RM, Putten JW van, Meuzelaar JJ et al. (2000) Preoperative staging of non-small-cell lung cancer with positron-emission tomography. N Engl J Med 343:254–261
Platt JF, Glazer GM, Orringer MB, Gross BH, Quint LE, Francis IR, Bland PH (1988) Radiologic evaluation of the subcarinal lymph nodes: a comparative study. Am J Roentgenol 151: 279–282
Poon P, Bronskill M, Henkelman R et al. (1987) Mediastinal lymph node metastases from bronchogenic carcinoma: detection with MR imaging and CT. Radiology 162:651–656
Potepan P, Meroni E, Spagnoli I et al. (1996) Non-small-cell lung cancer: detection of mediastinal lymph node metastases by endoscopic ultrasound and CT. Eur Radiol 6:19–20
Quint LE, Glazer GM, Orringer M, Francis I, Bookstein F (1986) Mediastinal lymph node detection and sizing at CT and autopsy. Am J Roentgenol 147:469–472
Quint LE, Francis IR, Wahl RL, Gross BH, Glazer GM (1995) Preoperative staging of non-small-cell carcinoma of the lung: imaging methods. Am J Roentgenol 164:1349–1359
Rapoport S, Blair DN, McCarthy SM, Desser TS, Hammers LW, Sostmann HD (1988) Brachial plexus: correlation of MR imaging with CT and pathologic findings. Radiology 167: 161–165
Ratto G, Piacenza G, Frola C et al. (1991) Chest wall involvement by lung cancer: computed tomographic detection and results of operation. Ann Thorac Surg 51:182–188
Remy-Jardin M, Remy J, Giraud F, Marquette C-H (1993) Pulmonary nodules: detection with thick-section spiral CT versus conventional CT. Radiology 187:513–520
Remy-Jardin M, Duyck P, Remy J et al. (1995) Hilar lymph nodes: identification with spiral CT and histologic correlation. Radiology 196:387–394
Rubinstein I, Baum G, Kalter Y, Pauzner Y, Lieberman Y, Bubis J (1979) The influence of cell type and lymph node metastases on survival of patients with carcinoma of the lung undergoing thoracotomy. Am Rev Respir Dis 119:253–262
Sakai S, Murayama S, Murakami J, Hashiguchi N, Masuda K (1997) Bronchogenic carcinoma invasion of the chest wall: evaluation with dynamic cine MRI during breathing. J Comput Assist Tomogr 21:595–600
Saracci R, Riboli E (1989) Passive smoking and lung cancer, current evidence and ongoing studies at the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Mutat Res 222:117–127
Saunders M, Sculier JP, Ball D et al. (2003) Consensus: the follow-up of the treated patient. Lung Cancer 42:S17–S19
Scagliotti G (2001) Symptoms, signs, and staging of lung cancer. Eur Resp Monogr 17:86–119
Schaefer JF, Vollmar J, Schick F et al. (2004) Solitary pulmonary nodules: dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging — perfusion differences in malignant and benign lesions. Radiology 232:544–553
Scott I, Muller N, Miller R, Evans K, Nelems B (1988) Resectable stage III lung cancer: CT, surgical, and pathologic correlation. Radiology 166:75–79
Seely J, Mayo J, Miller R, Muller N (1993) T1 lung cancer: prevalence of mediastinal nodal metastases and diagnostic accuracy of CT. Radiology 186:129–132
Seemann MD, Beinert T, Spelsberg F et al. (1996) Differenzierung von solitären Lungenrundherden durch die hochauflösende Computertomographie. Radiologe 36:579–585
Senac JP, Giron J, Bousquet C, Marmouset E, Serres-Cousine O (eds) (1991) Cancer of the lung. Part 1: Diagnosis and staging for the local extent of primary tumor (T category). Imaging of the Chest: an update. ECR, 33–41
Shimoyama K, Murata K, Takahashi M, Morita R (1997) Pulmonary hilar lymph node metastases from lung cancer: evaluation based on morphology at thin-section, incremental, dynamic CT. Radiology 203:187–195
Shiotani S, Sugimura K, Sugihara M et al. (2000) Diagnosis of chest wall invasion by lung cancer: useful criteria for exclusion of the possibility of chest wall invasion with MR imaging. Radiat Med 18:283–290
Shioya S, Haida M, Ono Y, Fukazaki M, Yamabayashi H (1988) Lung cancer: differentiation of tumor, necrosis and atelectasis by means of T1 and T2 values measured in vitro. Radiology 167:105–109
Shirakawa T, Fukuda K, Miyamoto Y, Tanabe H, Tada S (1994) Parietal pleural invasion of lung masses: evaluation with CT performed during deep inspiration and expiration. Radiology 192:809–811
Siegelman SS, Zerhouni EA, Leo FP, Khouri NF, Stitik FP (1980) CT of the solitary pulmonary nodule. Am J Roentgenol 135:1–13
Siegelman SS, Khouri NF, Leo FP, Fishman EK, Braverman RM, Zerhouni EA (1986) Solitary pulmonary nodules: CT assessment. Radiology 160:307–312
Silvestri G, Tanoue L, Margolis M, Barker J, Detterbeck F (2003) The noninvasive staging of non-small cell lung cancer. Chest 123:147S–156S
Stahel RA (1991) Diagnosis, staging, and prognostic factors of small cell lung cancer. Curr Opin Oncol 3:306–311
Staples CA, Müller NL, Miller RR, Evans KG, Nelems B (1988) Mediastinal nodes in bronchogenic carcinoma: comparison between CT and mediastinoscopy. Radiology 167:367–372
Steinert HC (1998) Lungenkarzinom: Diagnostik, Staging. Nuklearmed 21:123–130
Steinert HC, Hauser M, Allemann F, Engel H, Berthold T, Schulthess GK von, Weber W (1997) Non-small cell lung cancer: nodal staging with FDG PET versus CT with correlative lymph node mapping and sampling. Radiology 202:441–446
Stiglbauer R, Schurawitzki H, Klepetko W, Kramer J, Schratter M, Tscholakoff D, Eckersberger F (1991) Contrast-enhanced MRI for the staging of bronchogenic carcinoma: comparison with CT and histopathologic staging: preliminary results. Clin Radiol 44:293–298
Stitik F (1994) The new staging of lung cancer. Radiol Clin North Am 32:635–647
Stockwell H, Goldman A, Noss C et al. (1992) Environmental tobacco smoke and lung cancer risk in nonsmoking women. J Natl Cancer Inst 84:1417–1422
Strauss LG, Conti PS (1991) The applications of PET in clinical oncology. J Nucl Med 32:623–648
Suzuki N, Saitoh T, Kitamura S (1993) Tumor invasion of the chest wall in lung cancer: diagnosis with US. Radiology 187:39–42
Swensen SJ, Morin RL, Schueler BA, Brown LR, Cortese DA, Pairolero PC, Brutinel WM (1992) Solitary pulmonary nodule: CT evaluation of enhancement with iodinated contrast material — a preliminary report. Radiology 182:343–347
Swensen SJ, Brown LR, Colby TV, Weaver AL (1995) Pulmonary nodules: CT evaluation of enhancement with iodinated contrast material. Radiology 194:393–398
Tack D, Gevenois PA, Sinoy ML van, Francquen P de, Rocmans P, Struyven J (1990) NMR evaluation of neoplastic invasion of the pulmonary artery. Rofo 152:23–29
Tan BB, Flaherty KR, Kazerooni EA, Iannettoni MD (2003) The solitary pulmonary nodule. Chest 123:89S–96S
Tateishi M, Fukuyama Y, Hamatake M, Kohdono S, Ishida T, Sugimachi K (1994) Skip mediastinal lymph node metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer. J Surg Oncol 57:139–142
Thomas M, Baumann M, Deppermann M et al. (2002) Empfehlungen zur Therapie des Bronchialkarzinoms. Pneumologie 56:113–131
Tisi G, Friedman P, Peters R, Pearson G, Carr D, Lee R, Selawry O (1983) Clinical staging of primary lung cancer: official statement of the American Thoracic Society. Am Rev Respir Dis 127:659–664
Tobler J, Levitt R, Glazer H, Moran J, Crouch E, Evens R (1987) Differentiation of proximal bronchogenic carcinoma from postobstructive lobar collapse by magnetic resonance imaging. Invest Radiol 22:538–543
Travis W, Colby T, Corrin B, Shimosato Y, Brambilla E (1999) Histological typing of lung and pleural tumours. In: Sobin LH (ed) International histological classification of tumors, 3rd edn. WHO. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo
Trichopoulos D, Dalandidi A, Sparros L, McMahon B (1981) Lung cancer and passive smoking. Int J Cancer 27:1–4
Valk P, Pounds T, Tesar R, Hopkins D, Haseman M (1996) Cost effectiveness of PET imaging in clinical oncology. Nucl Med Biol 23:737–743
Vansteenkiste JF, Stroobants SG, Leyn P de, Dupont PJ, Verschakelen JA, Nackaerts KL, Mortelmans LA (1997) Mediastinal lymph node staging with FDG-PET scan in patients with potentially operable non-small cell lung cancer: a prospective analysis of 50 cases. Leuven Lung Cancer Group. Chest 112:1480–1486
Verschakelen JA, Leyn P de, Bogaert J, Baert AL (1996) Oncology imaging: nodal spread-intrathoracic nodes. Eur Radiol 6:251–261
Vestring T, Achatzy R, Wahlers B, Macha HN, Peters PE (1990) Mediastinal staging of non-small cell bronchial carcinoma. The place of computed tomography and mediastinoscopy. Radiologe 30:178–184
Vining DJ, Liu K, Choplin RH, Haponik EF (1996) Virtual bronchoscopy. Relationships of virtual reality endobronchial simulations to actual bronchoscopic findings. Chest 109:549–553
Vock P (ed) (1991) Cancer of the lung. Part 2: Staging for nodal and distant metastases (N-M-factors), clinical stage, treatment options, and restaging. Imaging of the Chest: an update. ECR, pp 43–50
Volm M, Mattern J (1998) Molekularbiologische Faktoren und deren prognostische Relevanz bei nichtkleinzelligen Lungentumoren. In: Drings P, Vogt-Moykopf I (Hrsg) Thoraxtumoren — Diagnostik, Staging, gegenwärtiges Therapiekonzept. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokio, S 49–62
Wahl RL, Quint LE, Greenough RL, Meyer CR, White RI, Orringer MB (1994) Staging of mediastinal non-small cell lung cancer with FDG PET, CT, and fusion images: preliminary prospective evaluation. Radiology 191:371–377
Watanabe A, Shimokata K, Saka H, Nomura F, Sakai S (1991) Chest CT combined with artificial pneumothorax: value in determining origin and extent of tumor. Am J Roentgenol 156:707–710
Watanabe Y, Shimizu J, Oda M et al. (1991) Aggressive surgical intervention in N2 non-small cell cancer of the lung. Ann Thorac Surg 51:253–261
Webb WR, Jensen B, Sollitto R, Geer G de, McCowin M, Gamsu G, Moore E (1985) Bronchogenic carcinoma: staging with MR compared with staging with CT and surgery. Radiology 156:117–124
Webb WR, Gatsonis C, Zerhouni EA, Heelan RT, Glazer GM, Francis IR, McNeil BJ (1991) CT and MR imaging in staging non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma: report of the Radiologic Diagnostic Oncology Group. Radiology 178: 705–713
Webb WR, Sarin M, Zerhouni E, Heelan R, Glazer G, Gatsonis C (1993) Interobserver variability in CT and MR staging of lung cancer. J Comput Assist Tomogr 17:841–846
Weber W, Römer W, Ziegler S et al. (1996) F-18-FDG-PET in the evaluation of solitary pulmonary nodules. J Nucl Med 37:111P
Weinreb J, Mootz A, Cohen J (1986) MRI evaluation of mediastinal and thoracic inlet venous obstruction. Am J Roentgenol 146:679–684
Wester HJ, Schottelius M, Scheidhauer K et al. (2003) PET imaging of somatostatin receptors: design, synthesis and preclinical evaluation of a novel 18F-labelled, carbohydrated analogue of octreotide. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 30:117–122
White C, Romney B, Mason A, Austin J, Miller B, Protopapas Z (1996) Primary carcinoma of the lung overlooked at CT: analysis of findings in 14 patients. Radiology 199:109–115
White C, Salis A, Meyer C (1999) Missed lung cancer on chest radiography and computed tomography: imaging and medicolegal issues. J Thorac Imaging 14:63–68
White P, Adams H, Crane M, Butchart E (1994) Preoperative staging of carcinoma of the bronchus: can computed tomo-graphic scanning reliably identify stage III tumours? Thorax 49:951–957
Wilde J (1985) Früherkennung und erste Merkmale. Röntgenreihenuntersuchungen. Tumore der Atmungsorgane und des Mediastinums B. In: Buchborn E (Hrsg) Handbuch der Inneren Medizin. Spezieller Teil: Trendelenburg F von (Hrsg) Tumornachsorge. S 2–37
Wittekind C, Klimpfinger M, Sobin LH (Hrsg) (2005) TNM-Atlas. Illustrierter Leitfaden zur TNM/pTNM-Klassifikation maligner Tumoren, 5. Aufl. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokio
Woolner L, Fontana R, Sanderson D, Miller W, Muhm J, Taylor W, Uhlenhopp M (1981) Mayo lung project: evaluation of lung cancer screening through December 1979. Mayo Clin Proc 56:544–555
Yamashita K, Matsunobe S, Tsuda T, Okuda K, Matsumoto K, Oyanagi H, Konishi J (1997) Intratumoral necrosis of lung carcinoma: a potential diagnostic pitfall in incremental dynamic computed tomography analysis of solitary pulmonary nodules? J Thorac Imaging 12:181–187
Yokoi K, Mori K, Miyazawa N, Saito Y, Okuyama A, Sasagawa M (1991) Tumor invasion of the chest wall and mediastinum in lung cancer: evaluation with pneumothorax CT. Radiology 181:147–152
Zelen M (1973) Keynote address on biostatistics and data retrieval. Cancer Chemother Rep (3) 4:31–42
Zhang M, Kono M (1997) Solitary pulmonary nodules: evaluation of blood flow patterns with dynamic CT. Radiology 205:471–478
Zimmermann F, Molls M, Kneschaurek P, Pietzsch C (1995) 3D-Planung bei der Radiotherapie des Bronchialkarzinoms. Onkologe 1:467–474
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2006 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kauczor, H.U., Drings, P., Ley, S. (2006). Bronchialkarzinom. In: Layer, G., van Kaick, G., Delorme, S. (eds) Radiologische Diagnostik in der Onkologie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-33565-8_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-33565-8_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-66991-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-33565-8
eBook Packages: Medicine (German Language)