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Dural Arteriovenous Malformations

  • Chapter
Intracranial Vascular Malformations and Aneurysms

Part of the book series: Medical Radiology ((Med Radiol Diagn Imaging))

Abstract

Dural arteriovenous malformations (DAVM) are abnormal shunts between the arterial and the venous side of the vascular tree that are located within the dura, most frequently within the wall of or immediately around the venous sinuses.

  • DAVM are rare, most of them are acquired and may develop by opening of existing microshunts within the dura or by angiogenesis leading to the development of new shunts.

  • DAVMs are frequently associated with stenosis or occlusion of the draining dural sinuses.

  • The etiology and pathogenesis of the DAVM is still not fully understood. Venous thrombosis has been proposed as the most probable pathogenetic mechanism.

  • DAVMs may occur anywhere within the cranium or the spinal canal. In adults, DAVMs mostly present in middle-aged or older patients with a mean age of 50–60 years. Spinal DAVMs commonly present after the fourth decade.

  • Classification is mainly based on venous drainage with those DAVMs draining into a cortical vein classified as dangerous. In many patients CT and/or MRI can already confirm the diagnosis of a DAVM.

  • Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is absolutely mandatory for classification and treatment planning. Endovascular treatment can be done via the transarterial way or transvenous approach.

  • Treatment indication depends on clinical symptoms and angiographic classification.

  • The endovascular approach sometimes fails and a complex neurosurgical approach becomes necessary.

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  1. National Institute of Neurosurgery, Amerikai ut 57, 1145, Budapest, Hungary

    István Szikora MD, PhD

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  1. István Szikora MD, PhD
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  1. Institute of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional, Radiology and Neuroradiology, University of Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122, Essen, Germany

    Michael Forsting MD, PhD (Director) (Director)

  2. Interventional Neuroradiology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional, Radiology and Neuroradiology, University of Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122, Essen, Germany

    Isabel Wanke MD, PhD (Director) (Director)

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Szikora, I. (2008). Dural Arteriovenous Malformations. In: Forsting, M., Wanke, I. (eds) Intracranial Vascular Malformations and Aneurysms. Medical Radiology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-32920-6_4

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