Clusters reveal unique physical and chemical properties as their dimensions are reduced to the nanoscale. Their properties are not scalable from those of bulk materials. Clusters are thus building blocks for nanocatalytic materials. Since the early days of cluster science, it has been speculated about strong size-dependent catalytic activity of metal clusters just a few or few tens of atoms in size. It was proposed that tuning reactivity and selectivity is feasible by simply changing cluster size [1] because intrinsic cluster properties relevant for catalytic behavior, like the electronic spectrum, the symmetry, or the spin multiplicities, can thus be tuned for obtaining the desired activation of the reactant molecules relevant in a catalytic process. It has been possible only in recent years, through the development of new experimental schemes, to show that model catalysts made of such small clusters indeed reveal variations in the catalytic activity when cluster size is changed just by a single atom.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Kaldor A, Cox D, Zakin MR (1988) Adv. Chem. Phys. 70:211
Whetten RL, Cox DM, Trevor DJ, Kaldor A (1985) Phys. Rev. Lett. 54:1494
Holmgren L, Andersson M, Rosen A (1995) Surf. Sci. 331-333:231
Berces A, Hackett PA, Lian L, Mitchell SA, Rayner DM (1998) J. Chem. Phys. 108:5476
Parks EK, Nieman GC, Kerns KP, Riley SJ (1998) J. Chem. Phys. 108:3731
Schulze Icking-Konert G, Handschuh H, Ganteför G, Eberhardt W (1996) Phys. Rev. Lett. 76:1047
Shi Y, Ervin KM (1998) J. Chem. Phys. 108:1757
Fayet P, Granzer F, Hegenbart G, Moisar E, Pischel B, Wöste L (1985) Phys. Rev. Lett. 55:3002
Leisner T, Rosche C, Wolf S, Granzer F, Wöste L (1996) Surf. Rev. Lett 3:1105
Xu Z, Xiao F-S, Purnell SK, Alexeev O, Kawi S, Deutsch SE, Gates BC (1994) Nature 372:346
Heiz U, Vanolli F, Sanchez A, Schneider W-D (1998) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120:9668
Vajda S, Wolf S, Leisner T, Busolt U, Wöste L (1997) J. Chem. Phys. 107:3492
Dietz TG, Duncan MA, Powers DE, Smalley RE (1981) J. Chem. Phys 74:6511
Siekmann HR, Lüder C, Fährmann J, Lutz HO, Meiwes-Broer KH (1990) Z. Phys. D. 20:417
Haberland H (1994) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 12:2925
Haberland H, Karrais M, Mall M, Thurner Y (1992) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 10:3266
Keller R, Nöhmeier F, Spädtke P, Schönenberg MH (1984) Vacuum 34:31
Cox DM, Reichmann KC, Trevor DJ, Kaldor A (1988) J. Chem. Phys. 88:111
Parks EK, Nieman GC, Kerns KP, Riley SJ (1997) J. Chem. Phys. 107:1861
Leuchtner RE, Harms AC, Castleman AW Jr (1990) J. Chem. Phys. 92:6527
Lian L, Hackett PA, Rayner DM (1993) J. Chem. Phys. 99:2583
Ervin KM (2001) Int. Rev. Phys. Chem. 20:127
Kaiser B, Bernhardt TM, Kinne M, Rademann K, Heidenreich A (1999) J. Chem. Phys. 110:1437
Kappes MM, Staley RH (1981) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 103:1286
Schnabel P, Weil KG, Irion MP (1992) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 31:636
Berg C, Beyer M, Achatz U, Joos S, Niedner-Schatteburg G, Bondybey VE (1998) Chem. Phys. 239:379
Vakhtin AB, Sugawara K (1999) Chem. Phys. Lett. 299:553
Oliveira MC, Marcalo J, Vieira MC, Almoster Ferreira MA (1999) Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc. 185-187:825
Jarrold M, Bower JE (1986) J. Chem. Phys. 85:5373
Gerlich D (1992) Inhomogeneous rf-fields: a versatile tool for the study of processes with slow ions. In: Ng C-Y, Baer M (eds.), State-Selected and Stateto-State Ion-Molecule Reaction Dynamics, Part 1: Experiment. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, p. 1
Fayet P, McGlinchey MJ, Wöste LH (1987) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 109:1733
Socaciu LD, Hagen J, Heiz U, Bernhardt TM, Leisner T, Wöste L (2001) Chem. Phys. Lett. 340:282
Socaciu LD, Hagen J, Bernhardt TM, Wöste L, Heiz U, Häkkinen H, Landman U (2003) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125:10437
Hagen J, Socaciu LD, Elijazyfer M, Heiz U, Bernhardt TM, Wöste L (2002) Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 4:1707
Herrmann A, Hofmann M, Leutwyler S, Schumacher E, Wöste L (1979) Chem. Phys. Lett. 62:216
Knight WD, Clemenger K, de Heer W, Saunders WA, Chou MY, Cohen ML (1984) Phys. Rev. Lett. 52:2141
Heiz U, Vayloyan A, Schumacher E (1997) Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68:3718
de Heer WA (1993) Rev. Mod. Phys. 65:611
Heiz U, Vanolli F, Trento L, Schneider W-D (1997) Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68:1986
Fayet P, Granzer F, Hegenbart G, Moisar E, Pischel B, Wöste L (1986) Z. Phys. D 3:299
Eberhardt W, Fayet P, Cox DM, Fu Z, Kaldor A, Sherwood R, Sondericker D (1990) Phys. Rev. Lett. 64:780
Fayet P, Patthey F, Roy HV, Detzel T, Schneider W-D (1992) Surf. Sci. 269/270:1101
Roy H-V, Boschung J, Patthey F, Fayet P, Schneider W-D (1993) Phys. Rev. Lett. 70:2653
Roy H-V, Fayet P, Patthey F, Schneider W-D, Delley B, Massobrio C (1994) Phys. Rev. B 49:5611
Schaffner M-H, Jeanneret J-F, Patthey F, Schneider W-D (1998) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 31:3177
O’Shea JN, Schnadt J, Andersson S, Patthey L, Rost S, Giertz A, Brena B, Forsell JO, Sandell A, Bjorneholm O, Brühwiler PA, Martensson N (2000) J. Chem. Phys. 113:9233
Lau JT, Achleitner A, Wurth W (2000) Chem. Phys. Lett. 317:269
Berry RS, Bonačić-Koutecký V, Gaus J, Leisner T, Manz J, Reischl-Lenz B, Ruppe H, Rutz S, Schreiber E, Vajda S, de Vivie-Riedle R, Wolf S, Wöste L (1997) Adv. Chem. Phys. 101:101
Bernhardt TM, Hagen J, Socaciu-Siebert LD, Mitrić R, Heidenreich A, Le Roux J, Popolan D, Vaida M, Wöste L, Bonačić-Koutecký V, Jortner J (2005) Chem. Phys. Chem. 6:243
Hall SG, Nielsen MB, Robinson AW, Palmer RE (1997) Rev. Sci. Instrum. 69:3335
Boyd J, Lapicki A, Aizawa M, Anderson SL (1998) Rev. Sci. Instrum. 69:4106
Boyd KJ, Lapicki A, Aizawa M, Anderson SL (1999) Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 157:144
Yamaguchi W, Yoshimura K, Tai Y, Maruyama Y, Igarashi K, Tanemura S, Murakami J (2000) J. Chem. Phys. 112:9961
Goldby IM, von Issendorff B, Kuipers L, Palmer RE (1997) Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68:3327
Abe H, Schulze W, Tesche B (1980) Chem. Phys. 47:104
Francis GM, Goldby IM, Kuipers L, v Issendorf B, Palmer RE (1996) J. Chem. Soc. (Dalton Trans.) 5:665
Goldby IM, Kuipers L, von Issendorf B, Palmer RE (1996) Appl. Phys. Lett. 69:2819
Kaiser B, Bernhardt TM, Stegemann B, Opitz J, Rademann K (1999) Phys. Rev. Lett. 83:2918
Bernhardt TM, Kaiser B, Rademann K (2002) Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 4:1192
Ganteför G, Siekmann HR, Lutz HO, Meiwes-Broer KH (1990) Chem. Phys. Lett. 165:293
Klipp B, Grass M, Muller J, Stolcic D, Lutz U, Ganteför G, Schlenker T, Boneberg J, Leiderer P (2001) Appl. Phys. A 73:547
Berry SD (1986) In: Jena P, Rao BK, Khanna SNK (eds.), The Physics and Chemistry of Small Metallic Clusters. Plenum, New York, p. 49
Bhaskar NB, Klimcak CM, Früholz R (1990) Rev. Sci. Instrum. 61:366
Dawson RH (1995) Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry and its Applications. AIP, Woodbury
Farrar JM, Saunders WH Jr (eds.) (1988) Techniques for the Study of Ion- Molecule Reactions. Wiley, New York
Schlag EW (ed.) (1994) Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry and its Applica- tions. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Cotter RJ (1997) Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. American Chemical So- ciety, Washington, DC
Fayet P, Wöste L (1985) Surf. Sci. 156:135
Scoles G (ed.) (1988 and 1992) Atomic and Molecular Beam Methods. Oxford University Press, New York
Parent DC, Anderson SL (1992) Chem. Rev. 92:1541
Haberland H (ed.) (1994) Clusters of Atoms and Molecules. Springer Series in Chemical Physics, Springer, Berlin
Castleman AW Jr, Bowen KH (1996) J. Phys. Chem. 100:12911
Heiz U, Schneider W-D (2000) J. Phys. D. 33:R85
Röttgen M, Judai K, Antonietti JM, Heiz U, Rauschenbach S, Kern K (2006) Rev. Sci. Inst. 77:013302
Begemann W, Meiwes-Broer KH, Lutz HO (1986) Phys. Rev. Lett. 56:2248
Wrenger B, Meiwes-Broer KH, Speer O, Garcia ME (1997) Phys. Rev. Lett. 79:2562
Klingeler R, Bechthold PS, Neeb M, Eberhardt W (2000) J. Chem. Phys. 113:1420
Klingeler R, Bechthold PS, Neeb M, Eberhardt W (2002) Rev. Sci. Instrum. 73:1803
Grill V, Shen J, Evans C, Cooks RG (2001) Rev. Sci. Instrum. 72:3149
Beck RD, St. John P, Homer ML, Whetten RL (1991) Science 253:879
Beck RD, Weis P, Bräuchle G, Rockenberger J (1995) Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66:4188
Weinkauf R, Walter K, Weickhardt C, Boesl U, Schlag EW (1989) Z. Natur- forsch. 44a:1219
Paik DH, Bernhardt TM, Kim NJ, Zewail AH (2001) J. Chem. Phys. 115:612
Bernhardt TM, Kaiser B, Rademann K (1997) Z. Phys. D 40:327
Christen W, Even U, Raz T, Levine RD (1998) J. Chem. Phys. 108:10262
von Issendorff B, Palmer RE (1999) Rev. Sci. Instrum. 70:4497
Bernhardt TM (1997) Untersuchungen zur Wechselwirkung größenselektierter Antimon- und Bismutclusterionen mit einer Graphit(0001)-Oberfläche bei En- ergien bis zu 600 eV. Ph.D. Thesis, Humboldt-University, Berlin
Kaiser B, Bernhardt TM, Rademann K (1997) Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 125:223
Kaiser B, Stegemann B, Bernhardt TM, Opitz J, Rademann K
Kaiser B, Bernhardt TM, Rademann K (1998) Appl. Phys. A 66:S711
Harbich W (2000) Collision of clusters with surfaces: deposition, surface modification and scattering. In: Meiwes-Broer K-H (ed.), Metal Clusters at Surfaces. Springer Series in Cluster Physics, Berlin, p. 107
Petek H, Ogawa S (1998) Prog. Surf. Sci. 56:239
Busolt U, Cottancin E, Rohr H, Socaciu L, Leisner T, Wöste L (1999) Appl. Phys. B 68:453
Busolt U, Cottancin E, Rohr H, Socaciu L, Leisner T, Wöste L (1999) Eur. Phys. J. D 9:523
Busolt U, Cottancin E, Socaciu L, Rohr H, Leisner T, Wöste L (2001) Eur. Phys. J. D 16:297
Cleveland CL, Landman U (1992) Science 257:355
Cheng H-P, Landman U (1993) Science 260:1304
Cheng H-P, Landman U (1994) J. Phys. Chem. 98:3527
Broman K, Felix C, Brune H, Harbich W, Monot R, Buttet J, Kern K (1996) Science 274:956
Meiwes-Broer K-H (ed.) (2000) Metal Clusters at Surfaces. Springer Series in Cluster Physics, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Ekardt W (ed.) (1999) Metal Clusters. Wiley, Chichester
Cheshnovsky O, Yang SH, Pettiette CL, Craycraft MJ, Smalley RE (1987) Rev. Sci. Instrum. 58:2131
Taylor KJ, Pettiette-Hall CL, Cheshnovsky O, Smalley RE (1992) J. Chem. Phys. 96:3319
Ho J, Ervin KM, Lineberger WC (1990) J. Chem. Phys. 93:6987
Ganteför G, Gausa M, Meiwes-Broer KH, Lutz HO (1990) J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 86:2483
Negeshi Y, Nakamura Y, Nakajima A, Kaya K (2001) J. Chem. Phys. 115:3657
Pramann A, Rademann K (2001) Chem. Phys. Lett. 343:99
Cha C-Y, Ganteför G, Eberhardt W (1992) Rev. Sci. Instrum. 62:5661
Boo WD, Ozaki Y, Andersen LH, Lineberger WC (1997) J. Phys. Chem. A 101:6688
Handschuh H, Gantefor G, Eberhardt W (1995) Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66:3838
Wang LS, Ding CF, Wang XB, Barlow SE (1999) Rev. Sci. Instrum. 70:1957
Wiley WC, McLaren IH (1955) Rev. Sci. Instrum. 26:1150
Li J, Zahi H-J, Wang L-S (2003) Science 299:864
Kroto HW, Heath JR, O’Brian SC, Curl RF, Smalley RE (1985) Nature 318:162
Krätschmer W, Lamb LD, Fostiropoulos K, Huffman DR (1990) Nature 347:354
Wang XB, Ding CF, Wang LS (1999) J. Chem. Phys. 110:8217
Gilb S, Weis P, Furche F, Ahlrichs R, Kappes MM (2002) J. Chem. Phys. 116:4094
Furche F, Ahlrichs R, Weis P, Jacob C, Gilb S, Bierweiler T, Kappes MM (2002) J. Chem. Phys. 117:6982
Häkkinen H, Moseler M, Landman U (2002) Phys. Rev. Lett. 89:033401
Häkkinen H, Yoon B, Landman U, Li XL, Zahi H-J, Wang L-S (2003) J. Phys. Chem. A 107:6168
Häkkinen H, Moseler M, Kostko O, Morgner N, Hoffmann MA, von Issendorff B (2004) Phys. Rev. Lett. 93:093401
Pyykkö P (1988) Chem. Rev. 88:563
Balasubramanian K (1997) Relativistic Effects in Chemistry. Wiley, New York
Stolcic D, Fischer M, Ganteför G, Kim YD, Sun Q, Jena P (2003) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125:2848
Sun Q, Jena P, Kim YD, Fischer M, Ganteför G (2004) J. Chem. Phys. 120:6510
von Helden G, van Heijnsbergen D, Meijer G (2003) J. Phys. Chem. A 107:1671
Fielicke A, Kirilyuk A, Ratsch C, Behler J, Scheffler M, von Helden G, Meijer G (2004) Phys. Rev. Lett. 93:023401
van Heijnsbergen D, von Helden G, Duncan MA, van Roij AJA, Meijer G (1999) Phys. Rev. Lett. 83:4983
von Helden G, Tielens AGGM, van Heijnsbergen D, Duncan MA, Hony S, Waters LBFM, Meijer G (2000) Science 288:313
Asmis KR, Meijer G, Brümmer M, Kaposta C, Santambrogio G, Wöste L, Sauer J (2004) J. Chem. Phys. 120:6461
Fielicke A, von Helden G, Meijer G, Pedersen DB, Simard B, Rayner DM (2004) J. Phys. Chem. B 108:14591
Kemper PR, Bowers MT (1991) J. Phys. Chem. 95:5134
von Helden G, Gotts N, Bowers MT (1993) Nature 363:60
Jarrold M (1994) J. Phys. Chem. 98:12819
Jarrold MF, Bowers MT (1993) J. Chem. Phys. 98:2399
Dugourd P, Hudgins R, Clemmer DE, Jarrold MF (1997) Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68:7722
Weis P, Gilb S, Gerhardt P, Kappes MM (2002) Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 216:59
De Boer BG, Stein GD (1981) Surf. Sci. 106:84
Yokozeki A, Stein GD (1978) J. Appl. Phys. 49:2224
Farges J, Feraudy MF, Raoult B, Torchet G (1981) Surf. Sci. 106:95
Farges J, Raoult B, Torchet G (1973) J. Chem. Phys. 59:3454
Hovick JW, Bartell LS (1998) J. Phys. Chem. B 102:534
Bartell LS (1986) Chem. Rev. 86:491
Reinhard D, Hall BD, Ugarte D, Monot R (1998) Phys. Rev. B 58:4917
Reinhard D, Hall BD, Berthoud P, Valkealahti S, Monot R (1998) Phys. Rev. B 55:7868
Maier-Borst M, Cameron DB, Rokni M, Parks JH (1999) Phys. Rev. A 59:R3162
Krückenberg S, Schooss D, Maier-Borst M, Parks JH (2000) Phys. Rev. Lett. 85:4494
Parks JH, Kappes MM (private communication)
Lüttgens G, Pontius N, Bechthold PS, Neeb M, Eberhardt W (2002) Phys. Rev. Lett. 88:076102
Broyer M, Delacretaz G, Labastie P, Wolf JP, Wöste L (1986) Phys. Rev. Lett. 57:1851
Collings BA, Athanassenas K, Rayner DM, Hackett PA (1994) Chem. Phys. Lett. 227:490
de Heer WA, Selby K, Kresin V, Masui J, Vollmer M, Chatelain A, Knight WD (1987) Phys. Rev. Lett. 59:1805
Delacretaz G, Grant ER, Whetten RL, Wöste L, Zwanziger JW (1986) Phys. Rev. Lett. 56:2598
Knickelbein MB, Menezes WJC (1992) Phys. Rev. Lett. 69:1046
Wöste L (1996) Z. Phys Chem. 196:1
Kreibig U, Vollmer M (1995) Optical Properties of Metal Clusters. Springer, Berlin
Gilb S, Jacobsen KW, Schooss D, Furche F, Ahlrichs R, Kappes MM (2004) J. Chem. Phys. 121:4619
Illenberger E, Momigny J (1992) Gaseous Molecular Ions. Steinkopff Verlag, Darmstadt
Kaldor A, Cox DM, Zakin MR (1988) Adv. Chem. Phys. 70:211
Salisbury BE, Wallace WT, Whetten RL (2000) Chem. Phys. 262:131
Knickelbein MB (1999) Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 50:79
Riley SJ (1992) Nanostructured Mater. 1: 155
Kaiser B, Bernhardt TM, Kinne M, Rademann K (1998) Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc. 177:L5
Kinne M, Bernhardt TM, Kaiser B, Rademann K (1997) Z. Phys. D 40:105
Kinne M, Bernhardt TM, Kaiser B, Rademann K (1997) Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc. 167/168:161
France MR, Buchanan JW, Robinson JC, Pullins SH, Tucker JL, King RB, Duncan MA (1997) J. Phys. Chem. 101:6214
Reddy BV, Jena P (1998) Chem. Phys. Lett. 288:253
Fielicke A, Rademann K (2000) J. Phys. Chem. A 104:6979
Andersson M, Rosén A (2002) J. Chem. Phys. 117:7051
Hanley L, Anderson SL (1985) Chem. Phys. Lett. 122:410
Jarrold MF, Bower JE, Kraus JS (1987) J. Chem. Phys. 86:3876
Hanley L, Ruatta SA, Anderson SL (1987) J. Chem. Phys. 87:260
Guo BC, Kerns KP, Castleman AW Jr (1992) J. Phys. Chem. 96:6931
Wade K (1976) Adv. Inorg. Chem. Radiochem. 18:1
Mingos DMP, Slee T, Zhenyang L (1990) Chem. Rev. 90:383
Lauher JW (1978) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 100:5305
Alford JM, Weiss FD, Laaksonen RT, Smalley RE (1986) J. Phys. Chem. 90:4480
Elkind JL, Weiss FD, Alford JM, Laaksonen RT, Smalley RE (1988) J. Chem. Phys. 88:5215
Irion MP, Selinger A (1989) Chem. Phys. Lett. 158:145
Irion MP, Selinger A, Wendel R (1990) Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc. 96:27
Berg C, Schindler T, Niedner-Schatteburg G, Bondybey VE (1995) J. Chem. Phys. 102:4870
Dietrich G, Krückenberg S, Lützenkirchen K, Schweikhard L, Walther C (2000) J. Chem. Phys. 112:752
Koszinowski K, Schröder D, Schwarz H (2003) J. Chem. Phys. A 107:4999
Hess H, Kwiet S, Socaciu L, Wolf S, Leisner T, Wöste L (2000) Appl. Phys. B 71:337
Hagen J, Socaciu LD, Heiz U, Bernhardt TM, Wöste L (2003) Eur. J. Phys. D 24:327
Bernhardt TM (2005) Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 243:1
Steinfeld JI, Francisco JS, Hase WL (1999) Chemical Kinetics and Dynamics. Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
Laidler KJ (1987) Chemical Kinetics. HarperCollins, New York
Castleman AW Jr, Weil KG, Sigsworth SW, Leuchtner RE, Keesee RG (1987) J. Chem. Phys. 86:3829
Nilius N, Wallis TM, Ho W (2003) Phys. Rev. Lett. 90:186102
Judai K, Sera K, Amatsutsumi S, Yagi K, Yasuike T, Yabushita S, Nakajima A, Kaya K (2001) Chem. Phys. Lett. 334:277
Vanolli F, Heiz U, Schneider W-D (1997) Chem. Phys. Lett. 277:527
Stipe BC, Rezaei MA, Ho W (1998) Science 280:1732
Antonietti J-M, Michalski M, Jones H, Heiz U
Piednoir A, Perrot E, Granjeaud S, Humbert A, Chapon C, Henry CR (1997) Surf. Sci. 391:19
Hojrup Hansen K, Worren T, Stempel S, Laegsgaard E, Bäumer M, Freund H-J, Besenbacher F, Stensgaard I (1999) Phys. Rev. Lett. 83:4120
Schaub R, Jödicke H, Brunet F, Monot R, Buttet J, Harbich H (2001) Phys. Rev. Lett. 86:3590
Bernhardt TM, Stegemann B, Kaiser B, Rademann K (2003) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 42:199
Bjornholm O (1990) Contemp. Phys. 31:309
Schaffner M-H, Patthey F, Schneider W-D, Pettersson LGM (1998) Surf. Sci. 450:402
He J-W, Møller PL (1986) Chem. Phys. Lett. 129:13
He J-W, Møller PJ (1986) Surf. Sci. 178:934
He J-W, Møller PJ (1987) Surf. Sci. 180:411
Alstrup I, Møller PJ (1988) Appl. Surf. Sci. 33/34:143
Li Y, Langreth DC, Pederson MR (1995) Phys. Rev. B 52:6067
Yudanov I, Pacchioni G, Neyman K, Rösch N (1997) J. Phys. Chem. B 101:2786
Musolino V, Selloni A, Car R (1998) J. Chem. Phys. 108:5044
Radzig AA, Smirnov BM (1985) Reference Data of Atoms, Molecules and Ions. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Sanchez A, Abbet S, Heiz U, Schneider W-D, Häkkinen H, Barnett RN, Land- man U (1999) J. Phys. Chem. A 103:9573
Zhukovskii V, Yu F, Kotomin EA, Jacobs PWM, Stoneham AM (2000) Phys. Rev. Lett. 84:1256
Conard T, Vohs JM, Thiry PA, Caudano R (1990) Surf. Interf. Anal. 16:446
Zhou JB, Gustafsson T (1997) Surf. Sci. 375:221
Stumpf R, Scheffler M (1994) Phys. Rev. Lett. 72:254
Schaffner M-H, Patthey F, Schneider W-D (1999) Eur. J. Phys. D 9:609
Bromann K, Felix C, Brune H, Harbich H, Monot R, Buttet J, Kern K (1997) Surf. Sci. 377:1041
Ferrari AM, Pacchioni G (1996) J. Phys. Chem. 100:9032
Stirniman MJ, Huang C, Smith RS, Joyce SA, Kay BD (1996) J. Chem. Phys. 105:1295
Schaffner M-H, Patthey F, Schneider W-D (1998) Surf. Sci. 417:159
Dyke JM, Fayad NK, Morris A, Trickle IR (1979) J. Phys. B: Atom. Mol. Phys. 12:2985
Handschuh H, Cha C-Y, Bechthold PS, Ganteför G, Eberhardt W (1995) J. Chem. Phys. 102:6406
Fedrigo S, Harbich W, Buttet J (1993) Phys. Rev. B 47:10706
Lau JT, Achleitner A, Wurth W (2000) Surf. Sci. 467:L834
Schmidt M, Haberland H (1999) Eur. Phys. J. D 6:109
Scherer JJ, Paul JB, O’Keefe A, Saykally RJ (1997) Chem. Rev. 97:25
Berden G, Peeters R, Meijer G (2000) Int. Rev. Phys. Chem. 19:565
Xu S, Sha G, Xie J (2002) Rev. Sci. Instrum. 73:255
Antonietti J-M, Michalski M, Heiz U, Jones H, Lim KH, Rösch N, Del Vitto A, Pacchioni G (2005) Phys. Rev. Lett. 94:213402
Del Vitto A, Pacchioni G, Lim KH, Rösch N, Antonietti J-M, Michalski M, Heiz U, Jones H (2005) J. Phys. Chem. B 109:19876
Feenstra RM (1989) Phys. Rev. Lett. 63:1412
First PN, Stroscio JA, Dragoset RA, Pierce TD, Celotta RJ (1989) Phys. Rev. Lett. 63:1416
Kuk Y, Jarrold MF, Silverman PJ, Bower JE, Brown WL (1989) Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 39:11168
Berndt R, Gaisch R, Gimzewski JK, Reihl B, Schlittler RR, Schneider W-D, Tschudy M (1993) Science 292:1425
Nilius N, Ernst N, Freund H-J (2000) Phys. Rev. Lett. 84:3994
Marsen B, Lonfat M, Scheier P, Sattler K (2000) J. Electron Spectrosc. Rel. Phen. 109:157
Klingeler R, Kann G, Wirth I, Bechthold PS, Eisebitt S, Neeb M, Eberhardt W (2000) In: Proceedings ISSPIC10. Atlanta, GA, USA, p. 12 ff
Meiwes-Broer K-H (2000) Electronic level structure of metal clusters at sur- faces. In: Meiwes-Broer K-H (ed.), Metal Clusters at Surfaces. Springer Series in Cluster Physics, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, p. 151 ff
Hövel H, Grimm B, Bödecker M, Fieger K, Reihl B (2000) Surf. Sci. 463:L603
Valden M, Lai X, Goodman DW (1998) Science 281:1647
Niemantsverdriet JW (1995) Spectroscopy in Catalysis. John Wiley and Sons Ltd., New York
Christmann K (1991) Introduction to Surface Physical Chemistry. Springer- Verlag, Berlin
Hoffmann FM (1983) Surf. Sci. Rep. 3:107
Freund H-J, Wolter K, Seiferth O, Libuda J, Kuhlenbeck H, Bäumer M (1998) Surf. Sci. 402-404: 428
Libuda J, Meusel I, Hoffmann J, Hartmann J, Piccolo L, Henry CR, Freund H-J (2001) J. Chem. Phys. 114:4669
Wörz A, Abbet S, Judai K, Heiz U (2003) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125:7964
Stuckless JT, Frei NA, Campbell CT (1998) Rev. Sci. Instrum. 69:2427
Borroni-Bird CE, King DA (1991) Rev. Sci. Instrum. 62:2177
Vattuone L, Yeo YY, Kose R, King DA (2000) Surf. Sci. 447:1
Duriez C, Henry CR, Chapon C (1991) Surf. Sci. 253:190
Piccolo L, Becker C, Henry CR (1999) Eur. Phys. J. D. 9:415
Judai K, Abbet S, Wörz A, Heiz U (2003) Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 229:99
Röttgen M, Judai K, Abbet S, Wörz A, Henry CR, Heiz U
Heiz U, Sanchez A, Abbet S, Schneider W-D (1999) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121:3214
Schumacher E (1997) DETMECH: Chemical Reaction Kinetics Software. In: University of Bern: Chemistry Department
Landman U (2005) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 102:6671
Capelle K (2005) Cond-matt/0211443
Born M, Oppenheimer JR (1927) Ann. Phys. 84:457
Dreizler RM, Gross EKU (1990) Density Functional Theory. Springer-Verlag, Berlin
Kohn W (1999) Rev. Mod. Phys. 71:1253
Pople JA (1999) Rev. Mod. Phys. 71:1267
Parr RG, Yang W (1989) Density Functional Theory of Atoms and Molecules. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Koch W, Holthausen MC (2001) A Chemist’s Guide to Density Functional Theory. John Wiley & Sons, New York
Jones RO, Gunnarsson O (1989) Rev. Mod. Phys. 61:689
Seminario JM (ed.) (1996) Recent Developments and Applications of Modern DFT. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Nalewajski RF (ed.) (1996) Density Functional Theory I-IV. Topics in Current Chemistry. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Anisimov VI (ed.) (1999) Strong Coulomb Correlatins in Electronic Structure Calculations: Beyond the Local Density Approximation. Gordon & Breach, New York
March NH (1992) Electron Density Theory of Atoms and Molecules. Academic, London
Laird BB, Ross RB, Ziegler T (eds.) (1996) Chemical Applications of Density Functional Theory. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC
Chong DP (ed.) (1995) Recent Advances in Density Functional Methods. World Scientific, Singapore
Joulbert D (ed.) (1998) Density Functionals: Theory and Applications. Springer Lecture Notes in Physics. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Fiolhais C, Nogueira F, Marques M (eds.) (2003) A Primer in Density Func- tional Theory. Springer Lecture Note in Physics. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Dobson JF, Vignale G, Das MP (eds.) (1998) Density Functional Theory: Re- cent Progress and New Directions. Plenum, New York
Eschrig H (1996) The Fundamentals of Density Functional Theory. Teubner, Leipzig
Hohenberg P, Kohn W (1964) Phys. Rev. 136:B864
Kohn W, Sham LJ (1965) Phys. Rev. 140:A1133
March NH (1975) Self-Consistent Fields in Atoms. Pergamons, Oxford
Wang LW, Teter MP (1992) Phys. Rev. B 45:13196
Foley M, Madden PA (1996) Phys. Rev. B 53:10589
Zhou BJ, Ligneres VL, Carger EA (2005) J. Chem. Phys. 122:044103
Lieb EH, Oxford S (1981) Int. J. Quantum Chem. 19:427
Chan GK-L, Handy NC (1999) Phys. Rev. A 59:3075
Chayes JT, Chayes L, Ruskai MB (1985) J. Stat. Phys. 38:497
Ullrich CA, Kohn W (2002) Phys. Rev. Lett. 89:156401
Tao J, Perdew JP (2005) J. Chem. Phys. 122:114102
Kohn W, Becke AD, Parr RG (1996) J. Phys. Chem. 100:12974
Gross EKU, Runge E, Heinonen O (1992) Many Particle Theory. Adam Hilger, Bristol
Szabo A, Ostlund NS (1989) Modern Quantum Chemistry. McGraw-Hill, New York
Chen J, Krieger JB, Li Y, Iafrate GJ (1996) Phys. Rev. A 54:3939
Vosko SH, Wilk L, Nusair M (1980) Can. J. Phys. 58:1200
Perdew JP, Zunger A (1981) Phys. Rev. B 23:5048
Perdew JP, Wang Y (1993) Phys. Rev. B 45:13244
Ceperley DM, Alder BJ (1980) Phys. Rev. Lett. 45:566
Perdew JP, Burke K, Ernzerhof M (1996) Phys. Rev. Lett. 77:3865
Perdew JP, Burke K, Ernzerhof M (1997) Phys. Rev. Lett. 78:1396(E)
Becke AD (1988) Phys. Rev. A 38:3098
Lee C, Yang W, Parr RG (1988) Phys. Rev. B 37:785
Filippi C, Umrigar CJ, Taut M (1994) J. Chem. Phys. 100:1290
Ziesche P, Kurth S, Perdew JP (1998) Comput. Mater. Sci. 11:122
Becke AD (1993) J. Chem. Phys. 98:5648
Becke AD (1997) J. Chem. Phys. 107:8554
Becke AD (1999) J. Comp. Chem. 20:63
Tozer DJ, Handy NC (1998) J. Chem. Phys. 108:2545
van Voorhis T, Scuseria GE (1998) J. Chem. Phys. 109:400
Perdew JP, Kurth S, Zupan A, Blaha P (1999) Phys. Rev. Lett. 82:2544
Tao J, Perdew JP, Staroverov VN, Scuseria GE (2003) Phys. Rev. Lett. 91:146401
Tao J, Perdew JP, Staroverov VN, Scuseria GE (2003) J. Chem. Phys. 119:12129
Tao J, Perdew JP, Staroverov VN, Scuseria GE (2004) J. Chem. Phys. 120:6898
Tao J, Perdew JP, Staroverov VN, Scuseria GE (2004) Phys. Rev. B 69:075102
Becke AD (1996) J. Chem. Phys. 104:1040
Ki YH, Lee IH, Nagaraja S, Leburton JP, Hood RQ, Martin RM (2000) Phys. Rev. B 61:5202
Kurth S, Perdew JP, Blaha P (1999) Int. J. Quantum Chem. 75:889
Adamo C, Ernzerhof M, Scuseria GE (2000) J. Chem. Phys. 112:2643
Hartree DR (1928) Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 24:89
Hartree DR (1928) Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 24:111
Hartree DR (1928) Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 24:426
Svane A, Gunnarsson O (1990) Phys. Rev. Lett. 65:1148
Svane A, Gunnarsson O (1994) Phys. Rev. Lett. 72:1248
Szotek Z, Temmermann WM, Winter H (1994) Phys. Rev. Lett. 72:1244
Vydrow OA, Scuseria GE (2004) J. Chem. Phys. 121:8187
Strange P, Svane A, Temmermann WM, Szotek Z, Winter H (1999) Nature 399:756
von Barth U, Hedin L (1972) J. Phys. C 5:1629
Gunnarsson O, Lundqvist B (1976) Phys. Rev. B 13:4274
Oliver GL, Perdew JP (1979) Phys. Rev. A 20:397
Capelle K, Libero VL (2005) Cond-matt/0506167
Troullier N, Martins JL (1991) Phys. Rev. B 43:1993
Pastore G, Smargiassi E, Buda F (1991) Phys. Rev. A 44:6334
Thijssen JM (2000) Computational Physics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Martin RM (2004) Electronic Structure: Basic Theory and Practical Methods. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Hellmann H (1937) Einführung in die Quantumchemie, Franz Duetsche, Leipzig
Feynman RP (1939) Phys. Rev. 56:340
Car R, Parrinello M (1985) Phys. Rev. Lett. 55:2471
Barnett RN, Cleveland CL, Landman U (1985) Phys. Rev. Lett. 54:1674
Barnett RN, Cleveland CL, Landman U (1985) Phys. Rev. Lett. 55:2035
Barnett RN, Landman U (1993) Phys. Rev. B 48:2081
Payne MC, Teter MP, Allan DC, Arias TA, Joannopoulos JD (1992) Rev. Mod. Phys. 64:1045
Häkkinen H, Landman U (2000) Phys. Rev. B 62:R2287
Marcus R (1966) J. Chem. Phys. 45:4493
Vineyard GH (1957) J. Phys. Chem. Solids 3:121
Berne BJ, Ciccotti G, Coker DF (eds.) (1998) Classical and Quantum Dynam- ics in Condensed Phase Simulations. World Scientific, Singapore
McKee ML, Page M (1993) Reviews in Computational Chemistry, vol. IV. VCH, New York
Leach AR (1996) Molecular Modelling: Principles and Applications. Addison- Wesley, Longman, Essex
Jonsson H, Mills G, Jacobsen KW (1998) In: Berne BJ, Ciccotti G, Coker DF (eds.), Classical and Quantum Dynamics in Condensed Phase Simulations. World Scientific, Singapore, p. 385
Henkelman G, Jonsson H (2000) J. Chem. Phys. 113:9978
Henkelman G, Uberuaga BP, Jonsson H (2000) J. Chem. Phys. 113:9901
Somorjai GA (1994) Introduction to Surface Chemistry and Catalysis. Wiley, New York
Hollemann AF, Wiberg N (1995) Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin
Ertl G (1983) Kinetics of Chemical Processes on Well-defined Surfaces. In: Anderson JR, Boudart M (eds.), Catalysis, Science and Technology. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, p. 209
Conrad H, Ertl G, Küppers J (1978) Surf. Sci. 76:323
Bell AT (2003) Science 299:1688
Thomas JM (1994) Angew. Chem. 106:963
Hammer B, Nørskov JK (1995) Nature 376:238
Hagen J, Socaciu LD, Le Roux J, Popolan D, Bernhardt TM, Wöste L, Mitrić R, Noack H, Bonačić-Koutecký V (2004) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126:3442
Wallace WT, Whetten RL (2002) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124:7499
Koszinowski K, Schröder D, Schwarz H (2003) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125:3676
Koszinowski K, Schröder D, Schwarz H (2003) ChemPhysChem 4:1233
Cox DM, Brickman R, Creegan K, Kaldor A (1991) Z. Phys. D 19:353
Mills G, Gordon MS, Metiu H (2002) Chem. Phys. Lett. 359:493
Wallace W, Leavitt AJ, Whetten RL (2003) Chem. Phys. Lett. 368:774
Varganov SA, Olson RM, Gordon MS, Mills G, Metiu H (2003) Chem. Phys. Lett. 368:778
Gioumousis G, Stevenson DP (1958) J. Chem. Phys. 29:294
Wallace WT, Wyrwas RB, Whetten RL, Mitrić R, Bonačić-Koutecký V (2003) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125:8408
Socaciu LD, Hagen J, Le Roux J, Popolan D, Bernhardt TM, Wöste L, Vajda S (2004) J. Chem. Phys. 120:2078
Pacchioni G (2000) Surf. Rev. Lett. 277:7
Di Valentin C, Del Vitto A, Pacchioni G, Abbet S, Wörz A, Judai K, Heiz U (2002) J. Phys. Chem. 106:11961
Peterka D, Tegenkamp C, Schröder KM, Ernst W, Pfnür H (1999) Surf. Sci. 431:146
Illas F, Pacchioni G (1998) J. Chem. Phys. 108:7835
Haruta M (1997) Catal. Today 36:153
Haruta M, Daté M (2001) Appl. Catal. A 222:427
Häkkinen H, Abbet S, Sanchez A, Heiz U, Landman U (2003) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 42:1297
Yoon B, Häkkinen H, Landman U, Wörz AS, Antonietti J-M, Abbet S, Judai K, Heiz U (2005) Science 307:403
Cox DM, Brickman RO, Creegan K, Kaldor A (1991) Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 206:43
Socaciu LD (2004) Ph.D. Thesis, Freie Universität, Berlin
Lee TH, Ervin KM (1994) J. Phys. Chem. 98:10023
Jackschath C, Rabin I, Schulze W (1992) Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 96:1200
Handschuh H, Ganteför G, Bechthold PS, Eberhardt W (1994) J. Chem. Phys. 100:7093
Nygren MA, Siegahn PEM, Jin C, Guo T, Smalley RE (1991) J. Chem. Phys. 95:6181
Wallace WT, Whetten RL (2000) J. Phys. Chem. B 104:10964
Wallace WT, Whetten RL (2001) Eur. J. Phys. D 16:123
Balteanu I, Balaj OP, Fox BS, Beyer MK, Bastl Z, Bondybey VE (2003) Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 5:1213
Yuan DW, Zeng Z (2004) J. Chem. Phys. 120:6574
Wolf S, Sommerer G, Rutz S, Schreiber E, Leisner T, Wöste L, Berry RS (1995) Phys. Rev. Lett. 74:4177
Leisner T, Vajda S, Wolf S, Wöste L, Berry RS (1999) J. Chem. Phys. 111:1017
Häkkinen H, Landman U (2001) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 123:9704
Huber H, McIntosh D, Ozin GA (1977) Inorg. Chem. 16:975
Bernhardt TM, Socaciu-Siebert LD, Hagen J, Wöste L (2005) Appl. Catal. A 291:170
Scheffler M, Stampfl C (1999) In: Horn K, Scheffler M (eds.), Handbook of Surface Science. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Knecht J, Fischer R, Overhof H, Hensel F (1978) J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Com- mun. :905
Allers K-H, Pfnuer H, Feulner P, Menzel D (1994) J. Chem. Phys. 100:3985
Eichler A, Hafner J (1999) Phys. Rev. B 59:5960
Haruta M, Takase T, Kobayashi T (1991) In: Yoshida S, Takezawa N, Ono T (eds.), Catalytic Science and Technology. Kodansha, Tokyo, p. 331
Daté M, Haruta M (2001) J. Catal. 201:221
Daté M, Ichihashi Y, Yamashita T, Chiorino A, Bocuzzi F, Haruta M (2002) Catal. Today 72:89
Daté M, Okumura M, Tsubota S, Haruta M (2004) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 43:2129
Kung HH, Kung MC, Costello CK (2003) J. Catal. 216:425
Costello CK, Yang JH, Law HY, Wang Y, Lin JN, Marks LD, Kung MC, Kung HH (2003) J. Catal. 243:15
Bond GC, Thompson DT (1999) Catal. Rev. Sci. Eng. 41:319
Bongiorno A, Landman U (2005) Phys. Rev. Lett. 95:106102
Yoon B, Häkkinen H, Landman U (2003) J. Phys. Chem. A 107:4066
Giordano L, Goniakowski J, Pacchioni G (2003) Phys. Rev. B 67:045410
Pireaux JJ, Chtaib M, Delrue JP, Thiry PA, Liehr M, Caudano R (1984) Surf. Sci. 141:211
Xu Y, Mavrikakis M (2003) J. Phys. Chem. B 107:9290
Lopez N, Norskov JK (2002) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124:11262
Molina LM, Hammer B (2004) Phys. Rev. B 69:155424
Smith T (1980) J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 75:51
Hintz PA, Ervin KM (1994) J. Chem. Phys. 100:5715
Ganteför G, Schulze Icking-Konert G, Handschuh H, Eberhardt W (1996) Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc. 159:81
Chatterjee B, Akin FA, Jarrold CC, Raghavachari K (2003) J. Chem. Phys. 119:10591
Zhou M, Andrews L, Bauschlicher CW Jr (2001) Chem. Rev. 101:1931
Brönstrup M, Schröder D, Kretzschmar I, Schwarz H, Harvey JN (2001) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 123:142
Goursot A, Papai I, Salahub DR (1992) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 114:7452
Ren XL, Hintz PA, Ervin KM (1993) J. Chem. Phys. 99:3575
Vajda S, Leisner T, Wolf S, Wöste L (1999) Philos. Mag. B 79:1353
Grushow A, Ervin KM (1995) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117:11612
Grushow A, Ervin KM (1997) J. Chem. Phys. 106:9580
Spasov VA, Ervin KM (1998) J. Chem. Phys. 109:5344
Klopcic SA, Moravec VD, Jarrold CC (1999) J. Chem. Phys. 110:8986
Hintz PA, Ervin KM (1995) J. Chem. Phys. 103:7897
Li T, Balbuena PB (2001) J. Phys. Chem. B 105:9943
Balteanu I, Balaj OP, Beyer MK, Bondybey VE (2004) Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 6:2910
Kretzschmar I, Fiedler A, Harvey JN, Schröder D, Schwarz H (1997) J. Phys. Chem. A 101:6252
Armentrout PB, Halle LF, Beauchamp JL (1982) J. Chem. Phys. 76:2449
Weinberg WH (1973) J. Catal. 28:459
Avery NR (1983) Surf. Sci. 131:501
Kim MH, Ebner JR, Friedman RM, Vannice MA (2001) J. Catal. 204:348
Balaj OP, Balteanu I, Roßteuscher TTJ, Beyer MK, Bondybey VE (2004) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 43:6519
Sault AG, Madix RJ, Campbell CT (1986) Surf. Sci. 169:347
Matsushima T (1983) Surf. Sci. 127:403
Ohno Y, Matsushima T (1991) Sur. Sci. 241:47
Xu J, Yates JT (1993) J. Chem. Phys. 99:725
Szabo A, Henderson MA, Yates JT (1992) J. Chem. Phys. 96:6191
Freund HJ (1997) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 36:452
Goodman DW (1995) Surf. Rev. Lett. 2:9
Goodman DW (1995) Chem. Rev. 95:523
Henry CR, Chapon C, Duriez C (1991) Surf. Sci. 253:177
Zambelli T, Barth JV, Wintterlin J, Ertl G (1997) Nature 390:495
Yang SH, Drabold DA, Adams JB, Ordejon P, Glassford K (1997) J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 9:L39
Watwe RM, Spiewak BE, Cortright RD, Dumesic JA (1998) Catal. Lett. 51:139
Watari N, Ohnishi S (1997) J. Chem. Phys. 106:7531
Sachdev A, Masrl RI, Adams JB (1993) Z. Phys. D. 26:310
Becker C, Henry CR (1996) Surf. Sci. 352:457
Becker C, Henry CR (1997) Catal. Lett. 43:55
Piccolo L, Henry CR (2000) Appl. Surf. Sci. 670:162
Piccolo L, Henry CR (2001) J. Mol. Cat. 181:167
Abbet S, Riedo E, Brune H, Heiz U, Ferrari AM, Giordano L, Pacchioni G (2001) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 123:6172
Abbet S, Heiz U, Häkkinen H, Landman U (2001) Phys. Rev. Lett. 86:5950
Heiz U, Sanchez A, Abbet S, Schneider W-D (2000) Chem. Phys. 262:189
Taylor KJ (1993) Catal. Rev. Sci. Eng 35:457
Shelef M, Graham GW (1994) Catal. Rev. Sci. Eng 36:433
Nieuwenhuys BE (1999) Adv. Catal. 44:259
Zhdanov VP, Kasemo B (1997) Surf. Sci. Rep. 29:31
Daté M, Okuyama H, Takagi N, Nishijima M, Aruga T (1995) Surf. Sci. 341:L1096
Daté M, Okuyama H, Takagi N, Nishijima M, Aruga T (1996) Surf. Sci. 350:79
Pisanu AM, Gigola CE (1999) Appl. Catal. B 20:179
Hirsimäki M, Suhonen S, Pere J, Valden M, Pessa M (1998) Surf. Sci. 404:187
Rainer DR, Koranne M, Vesecky SM, Goodman DW (1997) J. Phys. Chem. B 101:10769
Vesecky SM, Paul J, Goodman DW (1996) J. Phys. Chem. 100:15242
Muraki H, Fujitani Y (1986) Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 15:414
Xu XP, Goodman DW (1994) Catal. Lett. 24:31
Xu X, Chen P, Goodman DW (1994) J. Phys. Chem. B 98:9242
Rainer DR, Vesecky SM, Koranne M, Oh WS, Goodman DW (1997) J. Catal. 167:234
Vesecky SM, Chen P, Xu X, Goodman DW (1995) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 13:1539
Honkala K, Pirilä P, Laasonen K (2001) Surf. Sci. 489:72
Blagojevic V, Jarvis MJY, Flaim E, Koyanagi GK, Lavrov V, Böhme DK (2004) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 42:4923
Fayet P, Kaldor A, Cox DM (1990) J. Chem. Phys. 92:254
Jigato MP, Somasundram K, Termath V, Handy NC, King DA (1997) Surf. Sci. 380:83
Endou A, Yamauchi R, Kubo M, Stirling A, Miyamoto A (1997) Appl. Surf. Sci. 119:318
Duarte HA, Salahub DR (1999) Topics Catal. 9:123
Citra N, Andrews L (2000) J. Phys. Chem. A 104:8160
Judai K, Wörz AS, Abbet S, Heiz U (2003) The chemistry of free and supported metal clusters. In: Russo N, Salahub D (eds.), Metal-Ligand Interactions in Molecular-, Nano-, Micro-, and Macro-Systems in Complex Environments. Kluwer Academic, Netherlands, p. 153
Prévot G, Henry CR (2002) J. Phys. Chem. B 106:12191
Rainer DR, Xu C, Holmblad PM, Goodman DW (1997) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 15:1653
Schröder D, Schwarz H (1995) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 34:1973
Schwarz H, Schröder D (2000) Pure Appl. Chem. 72:2319
Trevor DJ, Whetten RL, Cox DM, Kaldor A (1985) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 107:518
Trevor DJ, Cox DM, Kaldor A (1990) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112:3749
Achatz U, Berg C, Joos S, Fox BS, Beyer MK, Niedner-Schattenburg G, Bondybey VE (2000) Chem. Phys. Lett. 320:53
Klabunde KJ (1994) Free Atoms, Clusters, and Nanoscale Particles. Academic, San Diego
Blomberg MRA, Siegahn PEM, Svensson (1992) J. Phys. Chem. 96:5783
Cui Q, Musaev DG, Morokuma K (1998) J. Chem. Phys. 108:8418
Cui Q, Musaev DG, Morokuma K (1998) J. Phys. Chem. A 102:6373
Wesendrup R, Schwarz H (1997) Organometallics 16:461
Berg C, Kaiser S, Schindler T, Kronseder C, Niedner-Schattenburg G, Bondybey VE (1994) Chem. Phys. Lett. 231:139
Heinemann C, Cornehl HH, Schwarz H (1995) J. Organomet. Chem. 501:201
Abbet S, Sanchez A, Heiz U, Schneider W-D (2001) J. Catal. 198:122
Ormerod RM, Lambert RM (1990) J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. :1421
Holmblad PM, Rainer DR, Goodman DW (1997) J. Phys. Chem. B 101:8883
Ormerod RM, Lambert RM (1992) J. Phys. Chem. 96:8111
Wörz A, Abbet S, Judai K, Pacchioni G, Heiz U (2003) J. Mol. Cat. 199:103
Ferrari AM, Giordano L, Pacchioni G, Abbet S, Heiz U (2002) J. Phys. Chem. B 106:3173
Tysoe WT, Nyberg GL, Lambert RM (1983) J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun.:623
Abbet S, Sanchez A, Heiz U, Schneider W-D, Ferrari AM, Pacchioni G, Rösch N (2000) Surf. Sci. 454-456:984
Judai K, Abbet S, Wörz A, Heiz U, Giordano L, Pacchioni G (2003) J. Phys. Chem. B 107:9377
Patterson CH, Lambert RM (1988) J. Phys. Chem. 92:1266
Abbet S, Sanchez A, Heiz U, Schneider W-D, Ferrari AM, Pacchioni G, Rösch N (2000) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122:3453
Pacchioni G, Lambert RM (1994) Surf. Sci. 304:208
Fahmi A, van Santen RA (1996) J. Phys. Chem. 100:5676
Burkart S, Blessing N, Ganteför G (1999) Phys. Rev. B 60:15639
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bernhardt, T., Heiz, U., Landman, U. (2007). Chemical and Catalytic Properties of Size-Selected Free and Supported Clusters. In: Heiz, U., Landman, U. (eds) Nanocatalysis. Nanoscience and Technology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-32646-5_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-32646-5_1
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-74551-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-32646-5
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)