Skip to main content

Modelling Wayfinding in Public Transport: Network Space and Scene Space

  • Conference paper
Spatial Cognition IV. Reasoning, Action, Interaction (Spatial Cognition 2004)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNAI,volume 3343))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

Wayfinding in the public transportation infrastructure takes place on traffic networks. These consist of lines that are interconnected at nodes. The network is the basis for routing decisions; it is usually presented in maps and through digital interfaces. But to the traveller, the stops and stations that make up the nodes are at least as important as the network, for it is there that the complexity of the system is experienced. These observations suggest that there are two cognitively different environments involved, which we will refer to as network space and scene space. Network space consists of the public transport network. Scene space consists of the environment at the nodes of the public transport system, through which travellers enter and leave the system and in which they change means of transport. We explore properties of the two types of spaces and how they interact to assist wayfinding. We also show how they can be modelled: for network space, graphs can be used; for scene space we propose a novel model based on cognitive schemata and partial orders.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Alexander, C.: A city is not a tree. Architectural Forum 122(1) and 122(2), 58–62 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, C., Ishikawa, S., Silverstein, M.: A Pattern Language: towns, buildings, construction. Oxford University Press, New York (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Allen, G.: Spatial Abilities, Cognitive Maps, and Wayfinding. In: Golledge, R.G. (ed.) Wayfinding behavior: cognitive mapping and other spatial processes, pp. 46–80. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  • Arthur, P., Passini, R.: Wayfinding. People, Signs, and Architecture. McGraw-Hill, New York (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  • Berendt, B., Barkowsky, T., Freksa, C., Kelter, S.: Spatial representation with aspect maps. In: Freksa, C., Habel, C., Wender, K.F. (eds.) Spatial Cognition 1998. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 1404, pp. 313–336. Springer, Heidelberg (1998)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Bovy, P.H.L., Stern, E.: Route Choice: Wayfinding in Transport Networks. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  • Brändli, H.: Angebote des öffentlichen Verkehrs. Skriptum, Institut für Verkehrsplanung und Transporttechnik, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  • Brändli, H.: Konfliktstellen Individualverkehr ←→ Öffentlicher Linienverkehr, draft technical report, Institut für Verkehrsplanung und Transporttechnik, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  • Car, A.: Hierarchical Spatial Reasoning. Theoretical Consideration and its Application to Modeling Wayfinding. Ph.D. thesis, Technical University Vienna (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chown, E.: Gateways: An approach to parsing spatial domains. In: ICML 2000 Workshop on Machine Learning of Spatial Knowledge (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chown, E., Kaplan, S., Kortenkamp, D.: Prototypes, Location, and Associative Networks (PLAN): Towards a Unified Theory of Cognitive Mapping. Cognitive Science 19, 1–51 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Darken, R.P., Allard, T., Achille, L.B.: Spatial Orientation andWayfinding in Large-Scale Virtual Spaces II. Presence 8(6), iii–vi (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fontaine, S., Denis, M.: The Production of Route Instructions in Undderground and Urban Environments. In: Freksa, C., Mark, D.M. (eds.) COSIT 1999. LNCS, vol. 1661, pp. 83–94. Springer, Heidelberg (1999)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Freundschuh, S.M., Sharma, M.: Spatial Image Schemata, Locative Terms, and Geographic Spaces in Children’s Narrative: Fostering Spatial Skills in Children. Cartographica 32(2), 38–49 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibson, J.J.: The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, London (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  • Golledge, R.G.: Human Wayfinding and Cognitive Maps. In: Golledge, R.G. (ed.) Wayfinding behavior: cognitive mapping and other spatial processes, pp. 5–45. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirtle, S.: Representational Structures for Cognitive Space: Trees, Ordered Trees and Semi-Lattices. In: Kuhn, W., Frank, A.U. (eds.) COSIT 1995. LNCS, vol. 988, pp. 327–340. Springer, Heidelberg (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  • Infopolis 2 Consortium, Needs of travellers: An Analysis Based on the Study of Their Tasks and Activities. Brussels: Commission of the European Communities, DG XIII (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, M.: The Body in the Mind: The Bodily Basis of Meaning, Imagination, and Reason. University of Chicago Press, Chicago (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  • Klippel, A.: Wayfinding Choremes: Conceptualizing Wayfinding and Route Direction Elements. Ph.D. thesis, University of Bremen (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  • Knauff, M., Schlieder, C., Freksa, C.: Spatial Cognition: From Rat-Research to Multifunctional Spatial Assistance Systems. Künstliche Intelligenz 4, 5–9 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuipers, B.J.: Representing Knowledge of Large-Scale Space. Ph.D. thesis, M.I.T. Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuipers, B.J.: Modeling Spatial Knowledge. Cognitive Science 2, 129–153 (1978)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuipers, B.J.: On Representing Commonsense Knowledge. In: Findler, N.V. (ed.) Associative Networks: The Representation and Use of Knowledge by Computers, pp. 393–408. Academic Press, New York (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuipers, B.J.: The Spatial Semantic Hierarchy. Artificial Intelligence 119, 191–233 (2000)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Kuipers, B.J.: Interview in Künstliche Intelligenz 2002(4), 40 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  • Leiser, D., Zilbershatz, A.: The traveller: A computational model of spatial network learning. Environment and Behavior 21(4), 435–463 (1989)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lloyd, R., Cammack, R., Holliday, W.: Learning Environments and Switching Perspectives. Cartographica 32(2), 5–17 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lynch, K.: The Image of the City. MIT Press, Cambridge (1960)

    Google Scholar 

  • Maier, J., Atzkern, H.-D.:: Verkehrsgeographie. Teubner, Stuttgart (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mark, D.M., Frank, A.U., Egenhofer, M.J., Freundschuh, S.M., McGranaghan, M., White, R.M.: Languages of Spatial Relations: Initative 2 Specialist Meeting Report. NCGIA Technical Paper 89-2 (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  • Montello, D.R.: Scale and Multiple Psychologies of Space. In: Campari, I., Frank, A.U. (eds.) COSIT 1993. LNCS, vol. 716, pp. 312–321. Springer, Heidelberg (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  • Presson, C.C., DeLange, N., Hazelrigg, M.: Orientation specificity in spatial memory: What makes a path different from a map of the path? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 887–897 (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  • Raubal, M.: Agent-based simulation of human wayfinding: A perceptual model for unfamiliar buildings. Ph.D. thesis, Technical University Vienna (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  • Raubal, M., Worboys, M.: A Formal Model of the Process of Wayfinding in Built Environments. In: Freksa, C., Mark, D.M. (eds.) COSIT 1999. LNCS, vol. 1661, pp. 381–399. Springer, Heidelberg (1999)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Rüetschi, U.-J., Timpf, S.: Schematic Geometry of Public Transport Spaces for Wayfinding. In: Raubal, M., Sliwinski, A., Kuhn, W. (eds.) Geoinformation und Mobilität. Tagungsband der Münsteraner GI-Tage, pp. 191–203 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlieder, C., Werner, A.: Interpretation of Intentional Behavior in Spatial Partonomies. In: Freksa, C., Brauer, W., Habel, C., Wender, K.F. (eds.) Spatial Cognition III. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 2685, pp. 401–414. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Timpf, S., Volta, G.S., Pollock, D.W., Egenhofer, M.J.: A Conceptual Model of Wayfinding Using Multiple Levels of Abstractions. In: Frank, A.U., Formentini, U., Campari, I. (eds.) GIS 1992. LNCS, vol. 639, pp. 348–367. Springer, Heidelberg (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  • Timpf, S.: Ontologies of Wayfinding: a traveler’s perspective. Networks and Economics 2(1), 9–22 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Timpf, S., Heye, C.: Complexity of Routes in multi-modal wayfinding (extended abstract). Presented at GIScience 2002, Boulder, CO, USA (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  • Timpf, S., Kuhn, W.: Granularity Transformations in Wayfinding. In: Freksa, C., Brauer, W., Habel, C., Wender, K.F. (eds.) Spatial Cognition III. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 2685, pp. 77–88. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Winter, S.: Route Specifications with a Linear Dual Graph. In: Richardson, D., Oosterom, P. (eds.) Advances in Spatial Data Handling, pp. 329–338. Springer, Berlin (2002)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2005 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Rüetschi, UJ., Timpf, S. (2005). Modelling Wayfinding in Public Transport: Network Space and Scene Space. In: Freksa, C., Knauff, M., Krieg-Brückner, B., Nebel, B., Barkowsky, T. (eds) Spatial Cognition IV. Reasoning, Action, Interaction. Spatial Cognition 2004. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 3343. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-32255-9_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-32255-9_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-25048-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-32255-9

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics