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MRI of Cardiovascular Malformations pp 147–175Cite as

Other Aortic Malformations

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Abstract

Malformations of the thoracic aorta are relatively frequent and grouped into three categories. These are the aortic arch anomalies, coarctation of the aortic isthmus responsible for left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and accounting for 95% of cases (together with rarer coarctation of the abdominal aorta and interrupted aortic arch) and dilatation of the aortic lumen, essentially in the context of Marfan disease. MRI with a large field of view allows examination of the entire thoracic and abdominal aorta in the plane of the aortic arch. ECG-gated MRI and gadolinium enhanced MR angiography sequences are used for this assessment. MRI completes echocardiography and provides a satisfactory morphological approach and allows evaluation of flow anomalies related to the stenosis. It also eliminates the need for angiography. Coarctation of the aorta can be classified according to its site, to the type of stenosis or to the clinical presentation. In subjects with coarctation there is an increased incidence of associated malformation either cardiovascular or non cardiovascular. The imaging features of rarer anomalies (interrupted aortic arch, dilatations of the ascending aorta) are also evaluated by MRI.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    If it is isolated and significant, it corresponds to a transitional form with an interrupted aortic arch, which can be considered to be an extreme form of hypoplasia.

  2. 2.

    Evaluation of the calibre of the subclavian artery is important as some correction techniques use the proximal segment of this artery in the surgical procedure (Walhausen procedure, see Figs. 6.23d and 6.25).

  3. 3.

    Which must be distinguished from simple physiological narrowing and pseudocoarctation.

  4. 4.

    N.B.: turbulent flow and/or acceleration has a black signal, while normal flow has a white signal, see Chaps. 1 and 2.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Service de Radiologie A et C, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, bd. Alexander Fleming, 25000, Besançon, France

    Bruno Kastler (Professor of Radiology and Head of Radiology, Associate Professor of Radiology)

  2. Director of Laboratoire I4S (Health, Innovation, Intervention, Imaging, Engineering), Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France

    Bruno Kastler (Professor of Radiology and Head of Radiology, Associate Professor of Radiology)

  3. Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Jean Minjoz, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada

    Bruno Kastler (Professor of Radiology and Head of Radiology, Associate Professor of Radiology)

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Kastler, B. (2011). Other Aortic Malformations. In: MRI of Cardiovascular Malformations. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30702-0_6

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