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Hypoxia in the Pathogenesis of Retinal Disease

  • Chapter
Retinal Vascular Disease

Abstract

Oxygen cannot passively diffuse for more than a radius of 100 µm around capillaries. As a result, adequate O2 supply to each cell depends on effective regulation of the integrity and function of the vascular network. On the other hand, high O2 tissue levels would result in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and cellular damage. Therefore, an optimal O2 concentration is needed to avoid hypoxia or ROS-mediated cellular injury. The retinal tissue is very active metabolically and, therefore, exquisitely dependent on adequate O2 supply for its function [4]. The delivery of oxygen to the retina is dependent not only on systemic blood pressure, hemoglobin content and integrity of local vasculature, but on the level of intraocular pressure and local autoregulatory mechanisms as well. Hypoxia and its sequelae are implicated in the pathogenesis of most retinal diseases, especially those that involve pathologic neovascularization. This is due to the potent stimulation of production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), mediated by the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 pathway, in response to hypoxia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA

    Vasiliki Poulaki MD, PhD

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  1. Vasiliki Poulaki MD, PhD
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany

    Antonia M. Joussen MD, PhD (Professor of Ophthalmology) (Professor of Ophthalmology)

  2. Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University, Drive Box 850, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA

    Thomas W. Gardner MD, MS (Professor of Ophthalmology) (Professor of Ophthalmology)

  3. Department of Vitreoretinal Surgery, Center for Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 9, 50931, Cologne, Germany

    Bernd Kirchhof MD (Professor of Ophthalmology) (Professor of Ophthalmology)

  4. Doheny Eye Institute, University of Southern California, 1450 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA

    Stephen J. Ryan MD (Professor of Ophthalmology) (Professor of Ophthalmology)

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© 2007 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Poulaki, V. (2007). Hypoxia in the Pathogenesis of Retinal Disease. In: Joussen, A.M., Gardner, T.W., Kirchhof, B., Ryan, S.J. (eds) Retinal Vascular Disease. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29542-6_7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29542-6_7

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  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-29541-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-29542-6

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