Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

MRI of the Fetal Body

  • Chapter
Magnetic Resonance Tomography

  • 5527 Accesses

Abstract

This chapter discusses the performance and interpretation of MRI studies of the fetal body (MRI of fetal neurological abnormalities is discussed separately in the neuroradiology sections of this text). The aim of this chapter is to allow the reader to recognize normal and abnormal MRI findings in the fetal body, and to understand the current indications for such studies. It should be noted that MRI of the fetal body is a less mature application than MRI of fetal neurological abnormalities is, and that the indications remain relatively anecdotal or based on small case series. Despite this, the management impact with respect to parental counseling and discussion of treatment options can be substantial. Accordingly, such cases can be both clinically challenging and clinically rewarding as far as the role of the radiologist may be of critical importance in pregnancy outcome.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adzick NS, Harrison MR, Crombleholme TM, Flake AW, Howell LJ (1998) Fetal lung lesions: management and outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 179:884–889

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Adzick NS, Harrison MR, Glick PL, Nakayama DK, Manning FA, deLorimier AA (1985a) Diaphragmatic hernia in the fetus: prenatal diagnosis and outcome in 94 cases. J Pediatr Surg 20:357–361

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Angtuaco T, Shah H, Mattison D, Quirk J (1992) MR imaging in high risk obstetric patients: a valuable complement to US. Radiographics 12:91–109

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baker PN, Johnson IR, Harvey PR, Gowland PA, Mansfield P (1994a) A three-year follow-up of children imaged in utero with echo-planar magnetic resonance. Am J Obstet Gynecol 170:32–33

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baker PN, Johnson IR, Gowland PA et al (1994b) Fetal weight estimation by echo-planar magnetic resonance imaging. Lancet 343:644–645

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baker PN, Johnson IR, Gowland PA, Freeman A, Adams V, Mansfield P (1994c) Estimation of fetal lung volume using echo-planar magnetic resonance imaging. Obstet Gynecol 83:951–954

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baker PN, Johnson IR, Gowland PA et al (1995) Measurement of fetal liver, brain, and placental volumes with echo-planar magnetic resonance imaging. Br J Obstet Gynecol 102:35–39

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beckmann KR, Nozicka CA (1999) Congenital diaphragmatic hernia with gastric volvulus presenting as an acute tension gastrothorax. Am J Emerg Med 17:35–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Becmeur F, Horta-Geraud P, Donato L, Sauvage P (1998) Pulmonary sequestrations: prenatal ultrasound diagnosis, treatment, and outcome. J Pediatr Surg 33:492–496

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Caire JT, Ramus RM, Magee KP, Fullington BK, Ewalt DH, Twickler DM (2003) MRI of fetal genitourinary anomalies. AJR 181:1381–1385

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chung HW, Chen CY, Zimmerman RA, Lee KW, Lee CC, Chin SC (2000) T 2-weighted fast MR imaging with true FISP versus HASTE: comparative efficacy in the evaluation of normal fetal brain maturation. AJR Am J Roentgenol 175:1375–1380

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coakley FV, Hricak H, Filly RA, Barkovich AJ, Harrison MR (1999) Impact on management of breath-hold MR imaging of complex fetal disorders: preliminary clinical experience. Radiology 213:446

    Google Scholar 

  • Coakley FV, Lopoo JB, Lu Y, Hricak H, Albanese CT, Harrision MR, Filly RA (2000) Volumetric assessment of normal and hypoplastic fetal lungs by prenatal single-shot RARE MR imaging. Radiology 216:107–111

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Curtis MR, Mooney DP, Vacarro TJ et al (1997) Prenatal ultrasound characterization of the suprarenal mass: distinction between neuroblastoma and subdiaphragmatic extralobar pulmonary sequestration. J Ultrasound Med 16:75–83

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Donaldson JS, Luck SR, Vogelzang R (1990) Preoperative CT and MR imaging of ischiopagus twins. JCAT 14:643–646

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fenton BW , Lin CS, Seydel F, Macedonia C (1998) Lecithin can be detected by volume-selected proton MR spectroscopy using a 1.5T whole body scanner: a potentially non-invasive method for the prenatal assessment of fetal lung maturity. Prenatal Diagnosis 12:1263–1266

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fenton BW, Lin CS, Ascher S, Macedonia C (2000) Magnetic resonance spectroscopy to detect lecithin in amniotic fluid and fetal lung. Obstet Gynecol 95:457–460

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Filly RA, Feldstein VA (2000) Fetal genitourinary tract . In: Callen PW (ed) Ultrasonography in obstetrics and gynecology. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 515–550

    Google Scholar 

  • Flake AW, Harrison MR (1995) Fetal surgery. Ann Rev Med 46:67–78

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gandon Y, Guyeder D, Heautot JF et al (1994) Hemochromatosis: diagnosis and quantification of liver iron with gradient -echo MR imaging. Radiology 193:53–538

    Google Scholar 

  • Giacoia GP (1994) Right-sided diaphragmatic hernia associated with superior vena cava syndrome. Am J Perinatol 11:129–131

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gilsanz V, Emons D, Hansmann M et al (1986) Hydrothorax, ascites, and right diaphragmatic hernia. Radiology 158:243–246

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein R (2000) Ultrasound of the fetal thorax. In: Callen PW (ed) Ultrasonography in obstetrics and gynecology. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 426–455

    Google Scholar 

  • Gover P, Hykin J, Gowland P, Wright J, Johnson I, Mansfield P (1995) An assessment of the intrauterine sound intensity level during obstetric echo-planar magnetic resonance imaging. Br J Radiol 68:1090–1094

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Granata C, Fagnani AM, Gambini C, Boglino C, Bagnulo S, Cecchetto G, Federici S, Inserra A, Michelazzi A, Riccipetitoni G, Rizzo A, Tamaro P, Jasonni V, De Bernardi B (2000) Features and outcome of neuroblastoma detected before birth. J Pedi Surg 35:88–91

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guibaud L, Filiatrault D, Garel L et al (1996) Fetal congenital diaphragmatic hernia: accuracy of sonography in the diagnosis and prediction of the outcome after birth. AJR 166:1195–1202

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guys JM, Borella F, Monfort G (1988) Ureteropelvic junction obstructions: prenatal diagnosis and neonatal surgery in 47 cases. J Pediatr Sur 23:156–158

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harrison MR, Mychaliska GB, Albanese CT et al (1998) Correction of congenital diaphragmatic hernia in utero IX: fetuses with poor prognosis (liver herniation and low lung-to-head ratio) can be saved by temporary tracheal occlusion. J Pediatr Surg 33:1017–1023

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hill BJ, Joe BN, Qayyum A, Yeh BM, Goldstein R, Coakley FV (2005) Supplemental value of MRI in fetal abdominal disease detected on prenatal sonography: preliminary experience. AJR 184:993–998

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hubbard AM, Crombleholme TM, Adzick NS (1998) Prenatal MRI evaluation of giant neck masses in preparation for the fetal EXIT procedure. Am J Perinatol 15:253–257

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hubbard A, Adzick NS, Crombleholme TM et al (1999) Congenital chest lesions: diagnosis and characterization with prenatal MR imaging. Radiology 212:43–48

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leung JWT, Coakley FV, Hricak H, Harrison MR, Farmer DL, Albanese CT, Filly RA (2000) Prenatal MRI of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. AJR 174:1607–1612

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levine D (2001) Ultrasound versus magnetic resonance imaging in fetal evaluation. Top Magn Reson Imaging 12:25–38

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levine D, Barnes PD, Sherr S, Semelka RC, Li W, McArdle CR, Worawattanakul S, Edelman RR (1998) Fetal fast MR imaging: reproducibility, technical quality, and conspicuity of anatomy. Radiology 206:549–554

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lopoo JB, Goldstein RB, Lipshutz GS, Goldberg JD, Harrison MR, Albanese CT (1999) Fetal pulmonary sequestration: a favorable cystic lung lesion. Obstet Gynecol 94:567–571

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marcos HB, Semelka RC, Worawattanakul S (1997) Normal placenta: gadolinium-enhanced dynamic MR imaging. Radiology 205:493–496

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Metkus AP, Filly RA, Stringer MD, Harrison MR, Adzick NS (1996) Sonographic predictors of survival in fetal diaphragmatic hernia. J Pediatr Surg 31:148–152

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mittermayer C, Blaicher W, Grassauer D, Horcher E, Deutinger J, Bernaschek G, Ulm B (2003) Fetal ovarian cysts: development and neonatal outcome. Ultraschall Med 24:21–26

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paek BW, Coakley FV, Lu Y, Filly RA, Lopoo JB, Qayyum A, Harrison MR, Albanese CT (2001) Congenital diaphragmatic hernia: prenatal evaluation with MR lung volumetry—preliminary experience. Radiology 220:63–67

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Poutamo J, Vanninen R, Partanen K, Kirkinen P. Diagnosising fetal urinoary tract abnormalities: benefits of MRI compared to ultrasonography. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2000:79:65–71

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Quinn TM, Adzick NS (1997) Fetal surgery. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 24:143–157

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rapola J (1991) The kidneys and urinary tract. In: Wigglesworth JS, Singer DB (eds) Textbook of fetal and perinatal pathology, vol. 2. Blackwell Scientific, Boston, pp 1109–2243

    Google Scholar 

  • Revel MP, Pons JC, Lelaidier C, Fournet P, Vial M, Musset D, Labrune M, Frydman R (1993) Magnetic resonance imaging of the fetus: a study of 20 cases performed without curarization. Prenat Diagn 13:775–799

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ryan CA, Finer NN, Etches PC, Tierney AJ, Peliowski A (1995) Congenital diaphragmatic hernia: associated malformations—cystic adenomatoid malformation, extralobar sequestration, and laryngotracheoesophageal cleft: two case reports. J Pediatr Surg 30:883–885

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saguintaah M, Couture A, Veyrac C et al (2002) MRI of the fetal gastrointestinal tract. Pediatr Radiol 32:395–404

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz JL, Crooks LE (1982) NMR imaging produces no observable mutations or cytotoxicity in mammalian cells. AJR 139:583–585

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shinmoto H, Kashima K, Yuasa Y, Tanimoto A, Morikawa Y, Ishimoto H, Yoshimura Y, Hiramatsu K (2000) MR Imaging of Non CNS Fetal Abnormalities: A Pictorial Essay. Radiographics 20:1227–1243

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith FW, Adam AH, Philips WDP (1983) NMR imaging in pregnancy. Lancet 1:61–62

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spencer JA, Tomlinson AJ, Weston MJ, Lloyd SN (2000) Early report: comparison of breath-hold MR excretory urography, Doppler ultrasound and isotope renography in evaluation of symptomatic hydronephrosis in pregnancy. Clin Radiol 55:446–453

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stocker JT (1986) Sequestrations of the lung. Semin Diagn Pathol 3:106–121

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Turner RJ, Hankins GD, Weinreb JC et al (1986) Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography in the antenatal evaluation of conjoined twins. Am J of Obstetr Gynecol 155:645–649

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Veyrac C, Couture A, Saguintaah M, Baud C (2004) MRI of fetal GI tract abnormalities. Abdom Imaging 29:411–420

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walsh DS, Adzick NS (2000) Fetal surgical intervention. Am J Perinatol 17:277–283

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wolff S, Crooks LE, Brown P, Howard R, Painter R (1980) Test for DNA and chromosomal damage induced by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. Radiology 136:707–710

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yip YP, Cappriotti C, Talagala SL, Yip JW (1994) Effects of MR exposure at 1.5 T on early embryonic development of the chick. J Magn Reson Imaging 4:742–748

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave., M372, 94143-0712, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Arthur D. McKenna & Fergus Coakley

Authors
  1. Arthur D. McKenna
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Fergus Coakley
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany

    Maximilian F. Reiser

  2. Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany

    Wolfhard Semmler

  3. Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave., 10065, New York, NY, USA

    Hedvig Hricak

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

McKenna, A., Coakley, F. (2008). MRI of the Fetal Body. In: Reiser, M., Semmler, W., Hricak, H. (eds) Magnetic Resonance Tomography. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29355-2_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29355-2_10

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-29354-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-29355-2

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation