Abstract
Previous real-time disk scheduling algorithms assume that each disk request incurs a disk mechanical operation and only consider how to move the disk head under real-time constraints. However, with the increased capacity of on-disk cache, modern disk drives read-ahead data aggressively. Thus, the on-disk cache may service lots of requests without incurring physical disk access. By exploring the design methodology of on-disk cache, in this paper, we propose CARDS: a cache-aware real-time disk scheduling algorithm that takes the on-disk cache into consideration during scheduling. Therefore, the scheduling algorithm can help to minimize the cache miss ratio. Besides, the service timing estimation is more accurate in schedulability analysis since the cache effect is considered. A simulation-based evaluation shows CARDS to be highly successful as compared to the classical real-time disk scheduling algorithms. For example, under sequential workload with 10 sequential streams, the data throughput of CARDS is 1.1 times of DM-SCAN.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Chang, R.I., Shih, W.K., Chang, R.C.: Deadline-Modification-SCAN with Maximum Scannable-Groups for Multimedia Real-Time Disk Scheduling. In: Proc. Real-Time Systems Symp., pp. 40–49 (1998)
Chang, H.P., Chang, R.I., Shih, W.K., Chang, R.C.: Enlarged-Maximum-Scannable-Groups for Real-Time Disk Scheduling in a Multimedia System. In: Proc. Computer Software and Applications Conf (COMPSAC), pp. 383–388. IEEE Comput. Soc., Los Alamitos (2000)
Chang, H.P., Chang, R.I., Shih, W.K., Chang, R.C.: Reschedulable-Group-SCAN Scheme for Mixed Real-Time/Non-Real-Time Disk Scheduling in a Multimedia System. Journal of Systems and Software 59(2), 143–152 (2001)
Chen, T.S., Yang, W.P., Lee, R.C.T.: Amortized Analysis of Some Disk- Scheduling Algorithms: SSTF, SCAN, and N-Step SCAN. BIT 32(4), 546–558 (1992)
Denning, P.L.: Effects of Scheduling on File Memory Operations. In: Proc. of AFIPS SJCC, pp. 9–21 (1967)
Ganger, G.: System-Oriented Evaluation of Storage Subsystem Performance. Ph.D. Dissertation, CSE-TR243-95, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (June 1995)
Ganger, G., Schindler, J.: Database for Validated Disk Parameters for DiskSim, http://www.ece.cmu.edu/~ganger/disksim/diskspecs.html
Hospodor, A.: Hit Ratio of Caching Disk Buffers. In: Proc. IEEE Computer Society International Conf., pp. 427–432 (1992)
IBM Corporation, Larger Disk Cache Improves Performance of Data-Intensive Applications, White Paper (October 1998)
Karedla, R., Love, J.S., Wherry, B.G.: Caching Strategies to Improve Disk System Performance. IEEE computer 27(3), 38–46 (1994)
Liu, C.L., Layland, J.W.: Scheduling Algorithms for Multiprogramming in a Hard Real-Time Environment. Journal of ACM 20(1), 46–61 (1973)
Quantum Corporation, Quantum Atlas 10K, http://www.quantum.com/products/hdd/atlas_10k/atlas_10k_specs.htm
Reddy, A.L.N., Wyllie, J.C.: Disk Scheduling in a Multimedia I/O System. In: Proc. ACM International Conf. on Multimedia, pp. 225–233 (1993)
Ruemmler, C., Wyllie, J.C.: An Introduction to Disk Drive Modeling. IEEE Computer 27(3), 17–28 (1994)
Shriver, E., Merchant, A., Wilkes, J.: An Analytic Behavior Model for Disk Drives with Readahead Caches and Requests Reordering. In: Proc. ACM SIGMETRICS, pp. 182–191 (1998)
Stankovic, J.A., Buttazzo, G.C.: Implications of Classical Scheduling Results for Real-Time Systems. IEEE Computer 28(6), 16–25 (1995)
Thiebaut, D., Stone, S.H., Wolf, J.L.: Improving Disk Cache Hit-Ratios Through Cache Partitioning. IEEE Transaction on Computers 41(6), 665–676 (1992)
Worthington, B.L., Ganger, G.R., Patt, Y.N.: Scheduling Algorithms for Modern Disk Drives. In: Proc. ACM SIGMETRICS, pp. 241–151 (1994)
Worthington, B.L., Ganger, G.R., Patt, Y.N., Wilkes, J.: On-Line Extraction of SCSI Disk Drive Parameters. In: Proc. ACM SIGMETRICS, pp. 136–145 (1995)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2004 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Chang, HP., Chang, RI., Shih, WK., Chang, RC. (2004). Real-Time Disk Scheduling with On-Disk Cache Conscious. In: Chen, J., Hong, S. (eds) Real-Time and Embedded Computing Systems and Applications. RTCSA 2003. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 2968. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24686-2_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24686-2_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-21974-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-24686-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive