Abstract
Since it is easy to design robust and imperceptible watermarking algorithms against malicious attacks, most watermarking techniques insert watermark signals in the frequency domain. However, three-dimensional (3-D) geometric models have difficulties in natural parameterization for frequency-based decomposition. In this paper, we propose a new scheme for 3-D model watermarking in the DCT domain. In order to insert and extract watermark signals in the frequency domain, we traverse the 3-D mesh model to generate triangle strips and transform their vertex coordinates in the spatial domain into frequency coefficients in the DCT domain. Watermarks are then inserted into the mid-frequency band of AC coefficients for robustness and imperceptibility. We show that the inserted watermarks survive various attacks, such as additive random noise, geometry compression by the MPEG-4 SNHC standard, affine transformation, and multiple watermarking.
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© 2004 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
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Jeon, J., Lee, SK., Ho, YS. (2004). A Three-Dimensional Watermarking Algorithm Using the DCT Transform of Triangle Strips. In: Kalker, T., Cox, I., Ro, Y.M. (eds) Digital Watermarking. IWDW 2003. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 2939. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24624-4_41
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24624-4_41
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
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