Skip to main content

Reduction of Non Deterministic Automata for Hidden Markov Model Based Pattern Recognition Applications

  • Conference paper
AI 2003: Advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI 2003)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNAI,volume 2903))

Included in the following conference series:

  • 1539 Accesses

Abstract

Most on-line cursive handwriting recognition systems use a lexical constraint to help improve the recognition performance. Traditionally, the vocabulary lexicon is stored in a trie (automaton whose underlying graph is a tree). In a previous paper, we showed that non-deterministic automata were computationally more efficient than tries. In this paper, we propose a new method for constructing incrementally small non-deterministic automata from lexicons. We present experimental results demonstrating a significant reduction in the number of labels in the automata. This reduction yields a proportional speed-up in HMM based lexically constrained pattern recognition systems.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Aho, A.V., Hopcroft, J.E., Ullman, J.D.: The Design and Analysis of Computer Algorithms. Addison-Wesley, Reading (1974)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  2. Appel, A.W., Jacobson, G.J.: The world’s fastest scrabble program. Communications of the ACM 31(5), 572–578, 585 (1988)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Bellman, R.: Dynamic Programming. Princeton University Press, Princeton (1957)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  4. Forney Jr, D.G.: The Viterbi Algorithm. Proceedings of the IEEE 61(3), 268–278 (1973)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  5. Fredkin, E.: Trie Memory. Communications of the ACM 3(9), 490–499 (1960)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Garcia-Salicetti, S.: "Une approche neuronale prédictive pour la reconnaissance en-ligne de l’écriture cursive", Thèse de Doctorat Paris 6, Spécialité: Informatique, décembre 17 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Kosmala, A., Willett, D., Rigoll, G.: Advanced State Clustering for Very Large Vocabulary HMM-based On-Line Handwriting Recognition. In: ICDAR 1999, Bangalore, India, September 20-22, pp. 442–445 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Lacouture, R., De Mori, R.: Lexical Tree Compression. In: Eurospeech 1991, Genova, Italy, September 1991, pp. 581–584 (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Lifchitz, A., Maire, F.: A Fast Lexically Constrained Viterbi Algorithm For Online Handwriting Recognition. In: Schomaker, L.R.B., Vuurpijl, L.G. (eds.) Proceedings of the Seventh International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, September 11-13, pp. 313–322. International Unipen Foundation, Amsterdam (2000) ISBN 90-76942-01-3

    Google Scholar 

  10. Mohri, M., Riley, M.: Network optimizations for large-vocabulary speech recognition. Speech Communication 28, 1–12 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Ney, H.: Dynamic programming as a technique for pattern recognition. In: ICPR 1982, Munich, Germany, October 1982, pp. 1119–1125 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Rabiner, L.R., Juang, B.-H.: Fundamentals of Speech Recognition, pp. 321–389. Prentice Halls, Englewood Cliffs (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Revuz, D.: Minimization of acyclic deterministic automata in linear time. Theoretical Computer Science 92, 181–189 (1992)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  14. Ristov, S., Laporte, E.: Ziv lempel compression of huge natural language data tries using suffix arrays. In: Crochemore, M., Paterson, M. (eds.) CPM 1999. LNCS, vol. 1645, pp. 196–211. Springer, Heidelberg (1999)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  15. Sgarbas, K.N., Fakotakis, N.D., Kokkinakis, G.K.: Incremental Construction of Compact Acyclic NFAs. In: Proceedings ACL-2001, 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Toulouse, France, July 6-11, pp. 474–481 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Vintsyuk, T.K.: Recognition of words in spoken speech by dynamicprogramming methods. Kibernetika 4(1), 81–88 (1968)

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  17. Viterbi, A.J.: Error bounds for convolutional codes and an asymptotically optimum decoding algorithm. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory IT-13, 260–269 (1967)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Wimmer, Z.: Contribution à la lecture de documents papiers manuscrits: reconnaissance des champs numériques et cursifs par méthodes neuronales markoviennes, Thèse de Docteur-Ingénieur ENST de Paris, Spécialité: Informatique, septembre 28 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Wimmer, Z., Garcia-Salicetti, S., Lifchitz, A., Dorizzi, B., Gallinari, P., Artières, T.: REMUS (January 1999a), http://www-poleia.lip6.fr/CONNEX/HWR/

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2003 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Maire, F., Wathne, F., Lifchitz, A. (2003). Reduction of Non Deterministic Automata for Hidden Markov Model Based Pattern Recognition Applications. In: Gedeon, T.(.D., Fung, L.C.C. (eds) AI 2003: Advances in Artificial Intelligence. AI 2003. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 2903. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24581-0_39

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24581-0_39

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-20646-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-24581-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics