Zusammenfassung
Im Folgenden werden wir zunächst auf das zentrale Anliegen der Allgemeinen Psychologie und damit der Grundlagenforschung eingehen. Wir werden die zentrale Annahme herausarbeiten, dass alle menschlichen Informationsverarbeitungsprozesse auf der Basis einheitlicher Mechanismen funktionieren. Die Gültigkeit dieser Prämisse werden wir anhand einiger Studienbeispiele aus der gedächtnispsychologischen Experimentalforschung erläutern, die in erster Linie auf allgemeinpsychologische Fragestellungen und experimentelle Prinzipien abheben. Anhand ausgewählter Forschungsarbeiten werden wir in diesem Zusammenhang vorführen, dass es eine Vielzahl an Studien gibt, die auf geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede verweisen. So legen etwa die Forschungsarbeiten von Agneta Herlitz und Kollegen (1997, 2000, 2007) eine Überlegenheit von Frauen gegenüber Männern nicht nur im Bereich des episodischen, sondern ebenfalls in einigen Aspekten des semantischen Gedächtnisses nahe. Weitere Studien weisen daraufhin, dass Frauen im Bereich des emotionalen Gedächtnisses und in der Erkennung von fremden Gesichtern überlegen sind. Nach der Schilderung der Befunde zu den behavioralen Differenzen in den Leistungswerten zwischen den Geschlechtsgruppen, werden wir uns der Divergenz zwischen männlichen und weiblichen Gehirnen widmen, die Problemstellung der Funktionalitätsannahme veranschaulichen, und abschließend die Verbindung zu den gedächtnispsychologischen Befunden aus der Geschlechtsforschung herleiten. In der Schlussbetrachtung werden wir die Implikationen dieser Arbeiten für die Allgemeine Psychologie diskutieren. Hier gilt es insbesondere zu erörtern, ob diese Befunde die zentrale Annahme des einheitlichen Funktionierens der menschlichen Informationsverarbeitungsprozesse in Frage stellen, und entsprechend geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede in der Allgemeinen Psychologie grundsätzlich miteinbezogen werden sollten.
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Haider, H., Malberg, E.D. (2010). Allgemeine Psychologie I. In: Steins, G. (eds) Handbuch Psychologie und Geschlechterforschung. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-92180-8_7
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