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Handbuch Psychologie und Geschlechterforschung pp 55–67Cite as

Motivationspsychologie

Gendering motivation: Geschlechterdifferenz im Wechselspiel von Nature und Nurture

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Zusammenfassung

Das Thema Psychologie und Gender führt in der Motivationspsychologie unmittelbar zur Frage nach Geschlechtsunterschieden, da die psychologische Forschung der menschlichen Motivation sich grundsätzlich nähert, indem sie Dispositionen bzw. Motive erforscht, die bei verschiedenen Menschen unterschiedlich ausgeprägt sind. Darüber hinaus werden Situationsfaktoren untersucht, die neben der interindividuellen Variabilität, intraindividuelle Variabilität bedingen. Die Logik dieses Vorgehens ist einfach: Ein Motiv, das bei allen Menschen gleichermaßen vorhanden ist, ist uninteressant, weil es keine Differenzierung ermöglicht. Diese Haltung wird in der Motivationspsychologie sofort deutlich, wenn Sie Studien suchen, die die Thematik Durst, ein sogenanntes biogenes Motiv, betreffen. Die Information, dass Sie zum Leben Flüssigkeit benötigen, bringt Ihnen keinen bzw. geringen Erkenntnisgewinn, da alle anderen Menschen auch dieses Bedürfnis haben. Im Gegensatz dazu bringt es Ihnen deutlich mehr, zu erfahren, dass Sie ein besonders leistungsmotivierter Mensch sind, weil Menschen sich in Bezug auf das Leistungsmotiv stark unterscheiden. Ihre individuelle Ausprägung des Leistungsmotivs wirkt sich auf Ihr Verhalten in Leistungssituationen und auf Ihre Ursachenzuschreibung von Erfolg und Misserfolg aus. Das Ziel von Motivationstheorien besteht also darin, die grundlegenden motivationalen Mechanismen zu beschreiben, in denen sich Menschen voneinander unterscheiden. Was das Verhältnis der Motivationspsychologie zur Thematik der Geschlechtsunterschiede betrifft, so kann nach meiner Auffassung konstatiert werden, dass die Motivationspsychologie, im Großen und Ganzen gesehen, der Geschlechterfrage explizit bisher kein großes Interesse entgegengebracht hat. Es gibt wahrscheinlich, abgesehen von der Variable Alter, keine häufiger verwendete demografische Variable als das biologische Geschlecht in der experimentellen Forschung der Motivationspsychologie. Nichtsdestotrotz gestaltet sich die gezielte Suche nach Studien, die sich dem Thema Geschlechtsunterschiede der Motivation widmen, anders als im Bereich der Kognition, eher mühselig.

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Authors
  1. Marlies Pinnow
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Gisela Steins

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Pinnow, M. (2010). Motivationspsychologie. In: Steins, G. (eds) Handbuch Psychologie und Geschlechterforschung. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-92180-8_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-92180-8_4

  • Publisher Name: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-531-16391-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-531-92180-8

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