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Selling America: Die Public Diplomacy der USA vor dem Irakkrieg 2003

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Die amerikanische Regierung gegen die Weltöffentlichkeit?

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Der Krieg gegen den Irak, den die USA am 20. März 2003 unter der Bezeichnung Operation Iraqi Freedom begannen, stellt sich heute als eine der schwerwiegendsten strategischen Fehlentscheidungen in der Geschichte der amerikanischen Außenpolitik dar. Die USA gingen aus diesem Konflikt im mehrerer Hinsicht massiv geschwächt hervor: Militärisch, weil — so der ehemalige Generalstabschef Richard B. Myers — große Teile der Streitkräfte am Rande der Leistungsfähigkeit angelangt sind und kaum noch Reserven zur Verfügung stehen, die für andere Konflikte oder Drohkulissen mobilisiert werden können (New York Times 2005); wirtschaftlich, weil der Krieg den Ölpreis, die Staatsverschuldung, die Inflation und die Zinsen in die Höhe getrieben und die Abhängigkeit von ausländischem Kapital vergrößert hat (Bilmes/Stiglitz 2006); und politisch, weil die mangelnde Legitimation des Krieges die Glaubwürdigkeit der Vereinigten Staaten und die Akzeptanz ihrer Führungsrolle in der Welt untergraben hat. Das ‚politische Kapital‘, das die USA durch die Ereignisse des 11. September 2001 ohne eigenes Zutun erworben hatten — versinnbildlicht durch die öffentlichen Solidaritätsbekundungen vor allem in Europa — wurde mit dem Irakkrieg verspielt. Die politischen Kosten des Krieges waren bereits bei seinem Beginn hoch, weil die Zustimmung der wichtigsten Verbündeten und ihrer Bevölkerungen zum Krieg weitgehend fehlte. Sie stiegen in der Folgezeit weiter an, weil sich die Begründungen der amerikanischen Regierung für den Krieg als unhaltbar erwiesen und das Vorgehen der amerikanischen Truppen im Irak, vor allem im Folterskandal von Abu Ghraib, das Image der USA weiter beschädigte. Der Krieg zog zudem den Verlust der Reputation als unbesiegbare Militärmacht, die nach dem Vietnamkrieg langsam wieder aufgebaut worden war, nach sich, denn die USA konnten zwar den konventionellen Krieg im Irak gewinnen, nicht aber den folgenden asymmetrischen.

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Höse, A. (2008). Selling America: Die Public Diplomacy der USA vor dem Irakkrieg 2003. In: Jäger, T., Viehrig, H. (eds) Die amerikanische Regierung gegen die Weltöffentlichkeit?. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-90954-7_4

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