Abstract
Portugal has been living in democracy for the last three decades. After the revolution of April 25th, 1974, and a two year transition period, democratic institutions have begun to function with some regularity towards a multi-party system. There have been four major parties in Portugal since 1974–1975: the Socialist Party (PS), the Social Democrat Party (PSD), the Portuguese Communist Party (PCP) and the Popular Party (former CDS — Social Democrat Centre, now CDSPP), on the right wing (see analysis of statutes in Lobo 2003: 253–261). The two major parties, the Socialist Party (PS — centre left) and the Social Democrat Party (PSD — centre right), usually alternate in the control of central government, sometimes in coalition to other parties. Nowadays, this two-party system characterises most democracies.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Almeida, J. M./ Pedroso de, B. (1991): Portugal: Overcoming the Central-Local Government Dichotomy. In: Hesse, J. J. (Ed.): Local Government and Urban Affairs in International Perspective. Analyses of Twenty Western Industrialised Countries. Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 497–515.
Almeida, M. A. (2006a): A Revolução no Alentejo. Memória e Trauma da Reforma Agrária em Avis. Lisboa: Imprensa de Ciências Sociais.
Almeida, M. A. (2006b): Local elites and the Portuguese revolution: recruitment of mayors before and after 1974. Electronic Resource: http://www.essex.ac.uk/ ECPR/events/jointsessions/paperarchive/nicosia/ws3/Pires%20de%20Almeida.pdf [29.11.2007].
Freire, A. (Ed.) (2001): Recrutamento Parlamentar: os Deputados Portugueses da Constituinte à VIII Legislatura. Lisboa: STAPE/MAI.
Freire, A. (2003): Recrutamento Parlamentar e reforma das instituições. In: Pinto, A. C./ Freire, A. (Ed.): Elites, Sociedade e Mudança Política. Oeiras: Celta Editera, 181–216.
Guérin, E./ Kerrouche, E. (2006): Les élus locaux en Europe, un statut en mutation. Paris: La documentation française, Coll. Etudes.
Lobo, M. C. (2001): The Emergence of a Prime Ministerial Model. Coordination in the Portuguese Government, 1976-1995. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Magone, J. M. (2003): Portugal: The Patrimonial Heritage and the Emergence of a Democratic Political Class. In: Borchert, J./ Zeiss, J. (Eds.): The political class in advanced democracies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 320–335.
Mair, P. (1997): Party System Change. Approaches and Interpretations. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Mair, P./ Biezen, I. (2001): Party membership in twenty European democracies. In: Party Politics, 7,1, 5–21.
Mair, P. (2003): Os partidos politicos e a democracia. In: Análise Social, Vol. XXXVIII,167, 277–293.
Martins, M. M. (2003): Participação Política e Grupos de Cidadãos Eleitores. Um Contributo para o Estudo da Democracia Portuguesa. Lisboa: ISCPS.
Pereira, A. (1991): The System of Local Government in Portugal. In: Batley, R./ Stoker, G. (Eds.): Local Government in Europe. Trends and Development. London: Macmillan, 134–145.
Phillips, A. (1996): Why does Local Democracy Matter? In: Pratchett, L./ Wilson, D. (Eds.): Local Democracy and Local Government. Houndmills: Macmillan, 20–37.
Weber, M. (1959): Le savant et le politique. Paris: Plon.
Zbyszewski, J. P. (2006): Algumas reflexões sobre a eleição e o funcionamento das autarquias locais. In: Eleições. Revista de Assuntos Eleitorais, 10, 97–107.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften | GWV Fachverlage GmbH, Wiesbaden
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
de Almeida, M.A.P. (2008). Independents and Citizen’s Groups in Portuguese Municipalities. In: Reiser, M., Holtmann, E. (eds) Farewell to the Party Model?. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-90923-3_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-90923-3_13
Publisher Name: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften
Print ISBN: 978-3-531-15687-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-531-90923-3
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)