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Gehirn, Musik, Plastizität und Entwicklung

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Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft

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Musik ist eine wichtige menschliche Fähigkeit, die sowohl kulturgeschichtlich sehr alt als auch kulturübergreifend ist. Das Wahrnehmung und Ausüben von Musik ist eine für das Gehirn äußerst aufwändige Aufgabe, die eine Vielzahl kognitiver Prozesse erfordert. Unterschiedliche Stufen musikalischer Expertise erlauben, Einflüsse von Training und Lernen auf das Beherrschen nicht alltäglicher Fertigkeiten zu betrachten und zu zeigen, wie das Gehirn funktioneile und strukturelle Anpassungen an außerordentliche Herausforderungen realisiert. Eine Vielzahl von Befunden konnte anatomische und funktioneile Unterschiede in der neuronalen Verarbeitung zwischen Musikern und Nichtmusikern nachweisen. Die Unterschiede zeigen sich auf verschiedenen Ebenen der Wahrnehmung und der Produktion von Musik. Diese Verarbeitungsprozesse laufen in Musikern schneller und effizienter ab, als in Nichtmusikern. Auch bei der Betrachtung des Entwicklungsverlaufs der Musikwahrnehmung finden sich Hinweise, dass die Verarbeitungsprozesse mit zunehmendem Alter effizienter ablaufen oder dass Fertigkeiten hinzugewonnen werden, die zu neuen oder veränderten Verarbeitungsprozessen führen.

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Jentschke, S., Koelsch, S. (2006). Gehirn, Musik, Plastizität und Entwicklung. In: Scheunpflug, A., Wulf, C. (eds) Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-90607-2_5

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