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Medizin - Gesundheit - Geschlecht pp 157–176Cite as

Geschlechterspezifische Aspekte psychiatrischer Erkrankungen

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Part of the book series: Geschlecht und Gesellschaft ((GUG,volume 55))

Zusammenfassung

Epidemiologische Untersuchungen dokumentieren seit langem Geschlechterunterschiede in der Häufigkeit und Symptomatik psychiatrischer Krankheitsbilder. Bekannteste Beispiele sind das frühere Auftreten und der schwierigere Verlauf der Schizophrenie bei Männern und die höhere Vulnerabilität von Frauen gegenüber depressiven Störungen und Angsterkrankungen. Ging man zunächst allein von kulturellen und sozialen Faktoren und dem Einfluss der Geschlechterrolle als ursächlich aus, so traten in den letzten Jahren zunehmend biologische Geschlechterunterschiede in den Vordergrund der Forschung. Beispielsweise gilt eine Einflussnahme der Sexualhormone sowohl auf die Architektur als auch auf die Nervenzellübertragung im Gehirn mittlerweile als gesichert. Bindungsstellen (Rezeptoren) für Sexualhormone finden sich im gesamten Gehirn, in höchster Konzentration jedoch in Regionen, die für emotionale Verarbeitung und Kognition verantwortlich sind. Das bei Personen mit männlichen Gonaden im Mutterleib aktivierte Testosteron führt zu einer geschlechterspezifischen Organisation des Gehirns und zu Geschlechterunterschieden in neuropsychologischen Markern. Im späteren Lebensverlauf kann die natürliche und künstliche Fluktuation der Hormone die Intensität und Reizschwelle für Emotionen modulieren und kognitive Fähigkeiten beeinflussen.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Wien, Österreich

    Dr. med. Patrycja Huf

  2. Medizinische Universität Wien, Wien, Österreich

    Dr. h.c. mult. Dr. med. Siegfried Kasper

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  1. Dr. med. Patrycja Huf
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  1. Fakultät für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany

    Claudia Hornberg

  2. Fakultät für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany

    Andrea Pauli

  3. Interdisziplinäres Zentrum IFF, Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany

    Birgitta Wrede

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Huf, P., Kasper, S. (2016). Geschlechterspezifische Aspekte psychiatrischer Erkrankungen. In: Hornberg, C., Pauli, A., Wrede, B. (eds) Medizin - Gesundheit - Geschlecht. Geschlecht und Gesellschaft, vol 55. Springer VS, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-19013-6_8

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