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Sprechangst in Rhetorikseminaren. Ein Experiment zum paralinguistischen Verhalten

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Book cover Sprechwissenschaft & Psycholinguistik 5

Zusammenfassung

Das Phänomen der Sprechangst wird vor dem Hintergrund inter aktional-streßbezogener Theorien beschrieben und in seiner Abhängigkeit von Faktoren der Sprecherpersönlichkeit, der Publikumssituation und der Redeanforderung als dynamischer kognitiver Bewertungs- und Bewältigungsprozeß definiert. Anschließend werden Forschungsergebnisse zum Zusammenhang von Sprechangst mit Parametern des paralinguistischen Verhaltens wie Produktivität, Sprechrate, Artikulationsrate, Pausenverhalten, Sprechstörungen und Interjektionen erörtert. In einem 2x2-faktoriellen Feldexperiment hielten 13 berufstätige Erwachsene während eines Rhetorikseminars einen fünfminütigen Vortrag vor Publikum und in einer Kontrollbedingung allein vor einem Mikrofon. Die überdauernde Sprechangstneigung und das aktuelle Angstempfinden wurden über eine deutsche Fassung der LAMB- SPEECH- ANXIETY-TRAIT- und ANXIETY-STATE-Skalen erfaßt und sieben Parameter des paralinguistischen Verhaltens definiert. Die Publikumssituation führte zu signifikanten Anstiegen der Artikulationsrate und der Sprechrate sowie zu einer hoch signifikanten Abnahme des Pausenquotienten. Die Anzahl kurzer Pausen (0.5–2 Sekunden) korrelierte negativ mit der Artikulationsrate in der Kontrollbedingung. Versuchspersonen mit hoher Sprechangstneigung zeigten eine signifikant höhere SDR (Speech Disturbance Ratio) in beiden Bedingungen sowie mehr gefüllte Pausen und weniger kurze Pausen ohne Publikum als Niedrig-Sprechängstliche. Die beiden introspektiven Maße zeigten keine signifikante Interaktion. Die Ergebnisse werden abschließend unter Berücksichtigung von Antriebs- und Aktivierungstheorien diskutiert.

Public-speaking anxiety is described by interactional, stress-related theories and defined in dependence upon variables of speaker ‘s personality, audience condition and speech task as a dynamic, cognitive process of appraisal and coping. Subsequently, experimental research findings dealing with the relation of public speaking anxiety to paralinguistic behavior, such as productivity, speech rate, articulation rate, speech disruptions or filled and unfilled pauses, are reviewed. During a 2x2 factorial field study 13 employed adults presented a five-minute speech in front of an audience and, as a comparative control condition, alone with a microphone. Subject’s speech anxiety traits and states were measured by the LAMB-SPEECH-ANXIETY-Scales and seven parameters of paralinguistic behavior were defined. The public speaking condition was associated with a significant increase of articulation rate and speech rate and a decrease of the silence quotient. The quantity of short pauses (0.5–2 seconds) in the control condition was negatively correlated with the articulation rate. Subjects with high ratings on the trait-scale showed a significantly higher SDR (Speech Disturbance Ratio) in both conditions, more filled pauses and less short pauses before an audience than low anxious subjects. The trait and state self-ratings did not significantly interact. Finally, the results are discussed in consideration of drive- and activationtheories.

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Gerd Kegel Thomas Arnhold Klaus Dahlmeier Gerhard Schmid Bernd Tischer

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© 1992 Westdeutscher Verlag GmbH, Opladen

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Beushausen, U. (1992). Sprechangst in Rhetorikseminaren. Ein Experiment zum paralinguistischen Verhalten. In: Kegel, G., Arnhold, T., Dahlmeier, K., Schmid, G., Tischer, B. (eds) Sprechwissenschaft & Psycholinguistik 5. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-97023-7_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-97023-7_2

  • Publisher Name: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-531-12273-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-322-97023-7

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