Abstract
In what manner do consumers combine information in making decisions? Stimulated by the seminal contribution of researchers in decision theory and psychologyl, the past decade has witnessed an explosion of research interest in answering this question2.
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It should be noted that this article focused on the evaluation process models, that is, on the composition-approach. The decomposition approach also deals with multiattribute choice theory and typically employs multidimensional scaling analysis in order to discern the relevant dimensions of brand choice. The study of the decomposition approach would constitute by itself another topic. However, it can be said that when compared to the composition approach, the multidimensional scaling technique was less good a predictor of preferences.
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Variations between individuals are characterized by variations in parameters. Consider a two-characteristics case: U= x, α1 x2 α2 with a, + a2 = k (constant). At the extremes, a consumer for whom a, = 0 is interested only in x2 one for whom a, = k is interested only in x,.
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They indicate that, what Einhorn may have shown is not that individuals have nonlinear evaluation functions for alternatives, but that they have nonlinear preference functions for attributes.
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These types of models were introduced by Russ in his research; he showed that they do not necessary downgrade alternatives with poor values on any attribute; they especially downgrade alternatives with poor values on the most important attributes.
If two or more alternatives become acceptable at the same time, either choose a smaller arbitrary value or if this small value corresponds to a j.n.d. (just noticeable difference), give the same rank to these alternatives.
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For example see:Luce, R. D., op. cit. footn. 58. — Pras, B.; Summers, J. O., op. cit. 51. — Russ, F. A., op. cit. footn. 4. — Tversky, A., op. cit. footn. 4. — Yntema, D. B.; Torgerson, W. S.. op. cit. footn. 57.
The jsut noticeable difference depends on the scale used in the study. We will try several values and use the one which gives the best fit.
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Can the study of these models also help the manager to understand his own decision process? — In order to make decisions, a manager must evaluate a set of alternatives with respect to certain criteria. Knowledge of the different types of process models would help him to identity the one he is rising and his competitors’. This might be particularly useful in domains such as conflict resolution or bargaining. It is the hypothesis of this author that managers use a conjunctive approach when some of the alternatives they consider are unacceptable to them. They switch to a lexicographic model when the alternatives are all acceptable.
Wilkie, W. L.; Pessemier, E. A., op. cit. footn. 2.
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Pras, B. (1978). Explaining Consumer Decision Making through Evaluation Process Models. In: Topritzhofer, E. (eds) Marketing. Gabler Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-93787-2_8
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