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Pharmaceutical Packaging and the New European Recycling Laws

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Zusammenfassung

Das ökonomische Wachstum hat viele Vorteile und soziale Annehmlichkeiten mit sich gebracht, hat aber auch eine Vielzahl ungewollter Nebenprodukte erzeugt. Die Besorgnis über den ständig steigenden Müllberg hat in Europa bereits zu Gegenmaßnahmen geführt. Bis heute wurden eine Anzahl gesetzlicher Regelungen zur Verpackung von der Europäischen Union (EU), Deutschland, Frankreich, Belgien, den Niederlanden und Österreich entweder aufgestellt oder übernommen.

Gleichzeitig haben sich Instrumente etabliert, um das Müllaufkommen zu kontrollieren. Neuerdings wird mit einem neuen gesetzlichen Instrumentarium experimentiert, das sich nicht mehr auf die Produktionsprozesse, sondern auf deren Ergebnis, das Endprodukt, bezieht. Gegenstand der Regelungen ist nicht nur die Verpackung bzw. der Verpackungsmüll, sondern auch das Labelling, die Steuern und etwaige Rücknahmeverpflichtungen. Die Verantwortung für das Müllmanagement wurde dabei auf alle betroffenen Sektoren ausgeweitet: Produzent, Importeur, Konsument und die jeweilige Regierung sind allesamt beteiligt. Verpackungsstrategien der pharmazeutischen Industrie müssen dringend überdacht werden. Firmen, die ihre Waren in die EU importieren wollen, werden ggf. gezwungen werden, sich an die „freiwillig“ geschlossenen Regularien zu halten.

Dieser Artikel beschäftigt sich mit den generellen und pharmazeutischen Entwicklungen im Bereich des „packaging“ in Europa. Zunächst wird ein Überblick über die europäische Direktive zur Regelung von Verpackung und Verpackungsmüll gegeben (Kapitel I). Dann werden in Kapitel II und III nationale Initiativen dargestellt. Im folgenden Kapitel IV werden die praktischen Auswirkungen für pharmazeutische Unternehmen untersucht. Abschließend werden in Kapitel V Schlußfolgerungen gezogen und Vorschläge für eine Management-Strategie gemacht.

Abstract

High economic growth has spawned many material and social benefits, but has also given rise to unwanted by-products. Concern over the growing mounds of refuse being generated and destined to final disposal despite Europe’s ever-diminishing landfill capacity has provoked action. To date, legislation on packaging has been proposed or adopted by the EU, Germany, France, Belgium, the Netherlands and Austria, with many other jurisdictions to follow.

The instruments used to control waste have also evolved. Recently, Europeans have led the way in experimenting with a new form of regulatory control focused on the intended results of the manufacturing process — the products. Packaging and packaging waste have hence become subject to not only direct command and control regulation regarding the product’s content (what might be called “recipe” laws), but also to labelling, taxes and take-back schemes. Responsibility for packaging and packaging waste management has been extended to all economic sectors: packaging legislation places joint responsibility on the producer, importer, consumers and local authority. Pharmaceutical packaging strategies will have to be quickly reconsidered. Packaging of parallel-imported medicines may fall between the cracks, and may result in problems for the authorized distributor. Pharmaceutical companies importing into the EU may be forced to become party to the variours “voluntary“ agreements, some of which impose restrictions on the use of PVC.

This article deals with both general packaging waste developments in Europe and the issues specific to pharmaceutical packaging. It first presents an overview of the proposed EU packaging waste Directive (Section I) and the national initiatives (Sections II and III). It then analyzes the practical implications of these developments for pharmaceutical companies doing business in the EU (Section IV) and concludes with some suggestions for a management strategy regarding pharmaceutical packaging (Section V).

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Notes

  1. Council Directive 65/65/EEC of 26 January 1965 provides that the application for authorization to place a medicinal product on the market in a EC Member State must include particulars such as “shelf life... when the product is opened for the first time,” and “nature and contents of the container.” Article 4a, Council Directive 65/65/EEC of 26 January 1965, OJ. 369/65 (9 February 1965). Council Directive 75/318/EEC of 20 May 1975 requires stability tests including “a study of the interaction between product and container... whenever the risk of such interaction is regarded as possible.” Annex, Part I, under F, Council Directive 73/318/EEC of 20 May 1975, O.J. L 147/1 (9 June 1975). The Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products’ guidelines on “Stability Tests on Active Ingredients and Finished Products” state that “the stability data on the active ingredient enables a preliminary choice of packaging material to be made.” The guidelines recommend that data is provided to the competent authorities as to “type of container and nature of constituent material, and nature of any desiccant used.” Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products, Stability Tests on Active Ingredients and Finished Products, Brussels, July 1988.

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  2. This is one of the reasons for which the Dutch Pharmaceutical Industry Association has not endorsed the Packaging Covenant.

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  3. The Dutch Association of the Pharmaceutical Industry estimates that the volume of PVC used for pharmaceutical applications accounts for less than 1 % of the total amount of PVC waste.

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  4. Member States would have been explicitly authorized to prohibit the use of recycled material for health reasons.

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  5. The Dutch Association of the Pharmaceutical Industry has vigorously resisted a proposal to include pharmaceuticals in a bill on chemical waste disposal, since their inclusion would suggest that medicines are chemical waste, which would adversely affect the public’s perception of medicines.

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  6. In The Netherlands, for example, a few percent of the total volume of drugs sold is brought back to pharmacies. The Dutch Association of the Pharmaceutical Industry estimates that this represents a substantial share of all drugs that are disposed of.

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Authors

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Michael Lonsert Klaus-Jürgen Preuß Eckhard Kucher

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© 1995 Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden

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Bergkamp, L., Martiri, G.N. (1995). Pharmaceutical Packaging and the New European Recycling Laws. In: Lonsert, M., Preuß, KJ., Kucher, E. (eds) Handbuch Pharma-Management. Gabler Verlag, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-90784-4_21

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-90784-4_21

  • Publisher Name: Gabler Verlag, Wiesbaden

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-322-90785-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-322-90784-4

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