Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Gender perception influences speech processing

  • Chapter
Wahrnehmung und Herstellung von Geschlecht

Abstract

This work addresses the way in which gender-coded expectations, based on cultural assumptions, affect one of the so-called very lowest levels of cognitive processing, the basic auditory processing of speech. Through a set of speech perception experiments, this work explores the effect of gender stereotypes on speech perception, as well as the relationship between gender stereotypes for faces and audiovisual integration in speech perception.

Major portions of this paper are modified from an article by the same author, titled “Uncovering the role of gender sterotypes in speech perception”, which appears in The Journal of Language & Social Psychology, Volume 18, Issue 1, March 1999. The material in this paper is based on work supported by a Cognitive Science 1997 Summer Fellowship Grant awarded to the author jointly by the Center for Cognitive Science, the Department of Linguistics, and the Department of Spanish & Portuguese at The Ohio State University, as well as a 1998 Elizabeth D.Gee Grant for Research on Women, awarded by the Department of Women’s Studies at OSU.Additionally, this material is based on work supported by the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communications Disorders under Grant No. 7R29DC01645-04 awarded to Keith Johnson.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 49.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Banaji, M.R. C.D. Hardin (1996): Automatic stereotyping. In: Psychological Science 1 (3). pp. 136–141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beall, A.E./R.J. Sternberg (1993): The psychology of gender. New York: The Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berry, D.S/L. Zebrowitz McArthur (1985): Some components and consequences of a babyface. In: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 48 (2). pp. 312–323.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berscheid, E. (1993): Foreward. In:The psychology ofender. Eds. A.E. Beall/R.J. Sternberg. New York: The Guilford Press, pp. vii-xvii.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blair, I. M.R. Banaji (1996): Automatic and controlled processes in stereotype priming. In: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 70 (60). pp. 1142–1163.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burton, A.M./V. Bruce/N. Dench (1993): What’s the difference between men and women? Evidence from facial measurement. In:Perception 22. pp. 153–176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bruce, V./A.M. Burton/E. Hanna/P. Healey/O. Mason/A. Coombes/R. Fright/A. Linney (1993): Sex discrimination: How do we tell the difference between male and female faces? In:Perception 22 pp. 131–152.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cross, S.E./H.R. Markus (1993): Gender in thought, belief, and action: A cognitive approach. In: The psychology of gender. Eds. A.E. Beall/R.J. Sternberg. New York: The Guilford Press, pp. 55–98.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuster-Duran, A. (1996): Perception of conflicting audio-visual speech: An examination across Spanish and German. In:Speechreading by humans and machines. Eds. D.G. Stork/M.E. Hennecke. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. pp. 135–143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Geis, F.L. (1993): Self-fulfilling prophecies: A social psychological view of gender. In: The psychology of gender. Eds. A.E. Beall/R.J. Sternberg. New York: Guilford Press, pp. 9–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Green, K.P./P.K. Kuhl/A.N. Meltzhoff/E.B. Stevens (1991): Integrating speech information across talkers, gender, and sensory modality: Female faces and male voices in the McGurk effect. In: Perception & Psychophysics 55. pp. 249–260.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greenwald, A.G M.R. Banaji (1995): Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes. In: Psychological Review 102 (1). pp. 4–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greenwald, A.G./D.E. McGhee/J.L.K. Schwartz (1998): Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The implicit association test. In: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 74 (6). pp. 1464–1480.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hilton, J.L W. von Hippel (1996): Stereotypes. In: Annual Review of Psychology 47. pp. 237–271.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, K./E.A. Strand/M. D’imperio (in review): Auditory/visual integration of talker gender in vowel perception. In: Journal of Phonetics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kruskal, J.B./M. Wish (1978): Multidimensional scaling. In: Sage University Paper Series on Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences, series no. 07–011. London: Sage Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • May, J. (1976): Vocal tract normalization for /s/ and /sh/. In: Haskins Laboratories: Status Report on Speech Research, SR-48. pp. 67–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacDonald, J. H. McGurk (1978): Visual influences on speech perception processes. In:Perception á Psychophysics 24. pp. 253–257.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McGurk, H./J. MacDonald (1976): Hearing lips and seeing voices. In: Nature 264. pp. 746–748.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sekiyama, K. (1997): Cultural and linguistic factors in audiovisual speech processing: The McGurk effect in Chinese subjects. In: Perception & Psychophysics 59 (1). pp. 73–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sekiyama, K. (1994): Differences in auditory-visual speech perception between Japanese and Americans: McGurk as a function of incompatibility. In: Journal of the Acoustical Society of Japan (English Version) 15 (3). pp. 143–158.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sekiyama, K./Y. Tohkura (1991): McGurk effect in non-English listeners: Few visual effects for Japanese subjects hearing Japanese syllables of high auditory intelligibility. In:Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 90. pp. 1797–1805.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strand, E.A. (1997): The role of gender stereotypes in speech perception. Presentation at NWAVE (New Ways of Analyzing Variation) 27 meeting, Québec City, Canada, 24 October.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strand, E.A. (1999): Uncovering the role of gender stereotypes in speech perception. In: The Journal of Language & Social Psychology 18 (1). (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Strand, E. K. Johnson (1996): The effect of visual information on fricative perception. In: Natural Language Processing and Speech Technology: Results of the 3rd KONVENS Conference, Bielefeld, October 1996. Ed. wsD. Gibbon. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. pp. 14–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Summerfield, A.Q./P. MacLeod/M. McGrath/N.M. Brooke (1989): Lips, teeth, and the benefits of lip- reading. In: Handbook of research on face processing. Eds. A.W. Young/H.D. Ellis. Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 223–233.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, S.E./L.A. Peplau/D.O. Sears (1994): Social psychology. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tillmann, H.G B. Pompino-Marshall/H. Porzig (1984): Zum Einfluss visuell dargebotener Sprachbewegungen auf die Wahrnehmung der akustisch kodierten Artikulation. In: Forschungsberichte des Instituts für Phonetik und Sprachliche Kommunikation der Universität München 19. pp. 318–338.

    Google Scholar 

  • von Hippel, W./D. Sekaquaptewa/P. Vargas (1995): On the role of encoding processes in stereotype maintenance. In: Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 27. pp. 177–254.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zebrowitz, L./J. Montepare (1992): Impressions of babyfaced individuals across the life span. In:Developmental Psychology 28 (6). pp. 1143–1152.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Linguistics, The Ohio State University, USA

    Elizabeth A. Strand

Authors
  1. Elizabeth A. Strand
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Ursula Pasero Friederike Braun

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1999 Westdeutscher Verlag GmbH, Opladen/Wiesbaden

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Strand, E.A. (1999). Gender perception influences speech processing. In: Pasero, U., Braun, F. (eds) Wahrnehmung und Herstellung von Geschlecht. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-89014-6_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-89014-6_10

  • Publisher Name: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-531-13379-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-322-89014-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation