Zusammenfassung
In der wissenschaftlichen Beschäftigung mit den Entwicklungstendenzen der westeuropäischen Parteiensysteme lassen sich zwei Phasen deutlich unterscheiden. Bis Ende der sechziger Jahre dominierten die Analysen, die die Persistenz der Parteiensysteme betonten und ihre Hauptaufgabe darin sahen, „the absence of change in a far from static period in political history“ (Rose/Urwin 1970: 295) zu erklären. Dies änderte sich in den siebziger Jahren, und seither ist die „destabilization of democratic party systems“ (Dalton/Beck/Flanagan 1984: 8) das beherrschende Thema. Beide Sichtweisen blieben jedoch nicht unwidersprochen. Die folgenden Ausführungen werden zeigen, daß eine differenzierende Betrachtungsweise notwendig ist, die weder Konstanz noch Wandel verabsolutiert, mit generellen, für ganz Westeuropa Gültigkeit beanspruchenden Aussagen zurückhaltend umgeht und Entwicklungstendenzen nicht monokausal zu erklären versucht.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Literaturverzeichnis
Ascher, William, Iarrow, Sidney, 1975: The Stability of Communist Electorates: Evidence from a Longitudinal Analysis of French and Italian Aggregate Data, in: American journal of Political Science 19, 475–494.
Bartolini, Stefano, Mair, Peter, 1990: Identity, Competition, and Electoral Availability. The Stabilisation of European Electorates 1885–1985, Cambridge.
Bell, Daniel, 1960: The End of Ideology, Glencoe.
Beyme, Klaus von, 1982: Parteien in westlichen Demokratien, München.
Blondel, Jean, 1968: Party Systems and Patterns of Government in Western Democracies, in: Canadian Journal of Political Science 1, 180–203.
Borre, Ole, 1980: Electoral Instability in Four Nordic Countries, 1950–1977, in: Comparative Political Studies 13, 141–171.
Bürklin, Wilhelm, 1988: Wählerverhalten und Wertewandel, Opladen.
Castles, Francis G., Mair, Peter, 1984: Left-Right Political Scales: Some ‘Expert’ Judgments, in: European Journal of Political Research 12, 73–88.
Crepaz, Markus M.L., 1990: The Impact of Party Polarization and Postmaterialism on Voter Turnout: A Comparative Study of 16 Industrial Democracies, in: European Journal of Political Research 18, 183–205.
Crewe, Ivor, 1985: Introduction: Electoral Change in Western Democracies: A Framework for Analysis, in: Ivor Crewe, David Denver (Hrsg.), Electoral Change in Western Democracies. Patterns and Sources of Electoral Volatility, London, 1–22.
Crotty, William, 1985: Comparative Political Parties, Washington.
Dalton, Russell J., Beck, Paul Allen, Flanagan, Scott C., 1984: Electoral Change in Advanced Industrial Democracies, in: Russell J. Dalton, Scott C. Flanagan, Paul Allen Beck (Hrsg.), Electoral Change in Advanced Industrial Democracies. Realignment or Dealignment?, Princeton, 3–22.
Dalton, Russell J., Flanagan, Scott C., Beck, Paul Allen, 1984: Political Forces and Partisan Change, in: Russell J. Dalton, Scott C. Flanagan, Paul Allen Beck (Hrsg.), Electoral Change in Advanced Industrial Democracies. Realignment or Dealignment?, Princeton, 451–476.
Dalton, Russell J., Rohrschneider, Robert, 1990: Wählerwandel und die Abschwächung der Parteineigungen, in: Max Kaase, Hans-Dieter Klingemann (Hrsg.), Wahlen und Wähler, Opladen, 297–324.
Dittrich, Karl, 1983: Testing the Catch-all Thesis: Some Difficulties and Possibilities, in: Hans Daalder, Peter Mair (Hrsg.), Western European Party Systems. Continuity & Change, London, 257–266.
Duverger, Maurice, 1959: Die politischen Parteien, Tübingen.
Duverger, Maurice, 1986: Duverger’s Law: Forty Years Later, in: Bernard Grofman, Arend Lijphart (Hrsg.), Electoral Laws and Their Political Consequences, New York, 69–84.
Ersson, Svante, Lane, Jan-Erik, 1982: Democratic Party Systems in Europe: Dimensions, Change and Stability, in: Scandinavian Political Studies 5, 67–96.
Falter, Jürgen W., Schumann, Siegfried, 1992: Politische Konflikte, Wählerverhalten und die Struktur des Parteienwettbewerbs, in: Oscar W. Gabriel (Hrsg.), Die EG-Staaten im Vergleich, Opladen, 192–219.
Flanagan, Scott C., 1971: The Japanese Party System in Transition, in: Comparative Politics 3, 231–253.
Flanagan, Scott C., Dalton, Russell J., 1984: Parties under Stress: Realignment and Dealignment in Advanced Industrial Societies, in: West European Politics 7, 7–23.
Fuchs, Dieter, Klingemann, Hans-Dieter, 1989: The Left-Right Schema, in: M. Kent Jennings, Jan W. van Deth (Hrsg.), Continuities in Political Action, Berlin, 203–234.
Gallagher, Michael, Laver, Michael, Mair, Peter, 1992: Representative Government in Western Europe, New York.
Gross, Donald A., Sigelman, Lee, 1984: Comparing Party Systems. A Multidimensional Approach, in: Comparative Politics 16, 463–479.
Hawkes, A.G., 1969: An Approach to the Analysis of Electoral Swing, in: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 132, 68–69.
Henig, Stanley, Pinder, John (Hrsg.), 1969: European Political Parties, London.
Hermens, Ferdinand A., 1941: Democracy or Anarchy, University of Notre Dame, Indiana.
Huffman, Jeffrey S., 1991: Party System Dynamics: A Longitudinal View of Polarization in Western European Democracies, Universität Mannheim, Mannheim.
Inglehart, Ronald, 1977: The Silent Revolution: Changing Values and Political Styles Among Western Publics, Princeton.
Inglehart, Ronald, 1990: Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Society, Princeton.
Inglehart, Ronald, Hochstein, Avram, 1972: Alignment and Dealignment of the Electorate in France and the United States, in: Comparative Political Studies 5, 343–372.
Jesse, Eckhard, 1992: Wahlsysteme und Wahlrecht, in: Oscar W. Gabriel (Hrsg.), Die EG-Staaten im Vergleich, Opladen, 172–191.
Kalteileiter, Werner, Nifien, Peter, 1980: Empirische Wahlforschung, Paderborn.
Kesselman, Mark, 1966: French Local Politics: A Statistical Examination of Grass Roots Consensus, in: American Political Science Review 60, 963–973.
Key, Y.O., Jr., 1955: A Theory of Critical Elections, in: Journal of Politics 17, 3–18.
Kirchheimer, Otto, 1965: Der Wandel des westeuropäischen Parteiensystems, in: Politische Vierteljahresschrift 6, 20–41.
Klingemann, Hans-Dieter, 1991: Is Party Competition Becoming more Ideological? A Look at Inter-Party Distances. Group 1, BiG-Programme of the European Science Foundation, Sintra.
Laakso, Markku, Laagepera, Rein, 1979: ‘Effective’ Number of Parties. A Measure with Application to West Europe, in: Comparative Political Studies 12, 3–27.
Lane, Jan-Erik, Ersson, Svante O., 1987: Politics and Society in Western Europe, London.
Lijphart, Arend, 1981: Political Parties: Ideologies and Programs, in: David Butler, Howard R. Penniman, Austin Ranney (Hrsg.), Democracy at the Polls. A Comparative Study of Competitive National Elections, Washington, 26–51.
Lipset, Seymour Martin, Rokkan, Stein, 1967: Cleavage Structures, Party Systems, and Voter Alignments: An Introduction, in: Seymour Martin Lipset, Stein Rokkan (Hrsg.), Party Systems and Voter Alignments. Cross-National Perspectives, New York, 1–64.
Lybeck, Johan A., 1985: Is the Lipset-Rokkan Hypothesis Testable, in: Scandinavian Political Studies 8, 105–113.
Mackie, Thomas T.., Rose, Richard, 1991: The International Almanac of Electoral History ( 3. Aufl. ), London.
Maguire, Maria, 1983: Is There Still Persistence? Electoral Change in Western Europe, 1948–1979, in: Hans Daalder, Peter Mair (Hrsg.), Western European Party Systems. Continuity & Change, London, 67–94.
Mair, Peter, 1989: Continuity, Change and the Vulnerability of Party, in: Peter Mair, Gordon Smith (Hrsg.), Mair, Peter, 169–187 ( Special Issue of ‘West European Politics’).
Mayer, Lawrence, 1972: An Analysis of Measures of Crosscutting and Fragmentation, in: Comparative Politics 4, 405–415.
Mayer, Lawrence, 1980: A Note on the Aggregation of Party Systems, in: Peter H. Merkt (Hrsg.)
Western European Party Systems. Trends and Prospects, New York, 515–520.
Merkl, Peter H., 1980: Introduction: The Study of Party Systems, in: Peter H. Merkt (Hrsg.)
Western European Party Systems. Trends and Prospects, New York, 1–13.
Milder, N. David, 1974: Definitions and Measures of the Degree of Macro-Level Party Competition in Multiparty Systems, in: Comparative Political Studies 6, 431–456.
Miller, William, 1972: Measures of Electoral Change Using Aggregate Data, in: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 135, 122–142.
Mintzel, Alf 1984: Die Volkspartei, Opladen.
Molinar, Juan, 1991: Counting the Number of Parties: An Alternative Index, in: American Political Science Review 85, 1383–1389.
Neumann, Sigmund, 1932: Die politischen Parteien in Deutschland, Berlin.
Nohlen, Dieter, 1990: Wahlrecht und Parteiensystem ( 2. Aufl. ), Opladen.
Pappi, Franz Urban, 1977: Sozialstruktur, gesellschaftliche Wertorientierungen und Wahlabsicht, in: Max Kaase (Hrsg.), Wahlsoziologie heute, Opladen, 195–229 (PVS 18, Heft 2, 3 ).
Pedersen, Mogens N., 1979: The Dynamics of European Party Systems: Changing Patterns of Electoral Volatility, in: European Journal of Political Research 7, 1–26.
Pedersen, Mogens N., 1980: On Measuring Party System Change. A Methodological Critique and a Suggestion, in: Comparative Political Studies 12, 387–403.
Pedersen, Mogens N., 1983: Changing Patterns of Electoral Volatility in European Party Systems, 1948–1977: Explorations in Explanation, in: Hans Daalder, Peter Mair (Hrsg.), Western European Party Systems. Continuity & Change, London, 29–66.
Powell, G. Bingham, Jr, 1987: The Competitive Consequences of Polarized Pluralism, in: Manfred J. Holler (Hrsg.), The Logic of Multiparty Systems, Dordrecht, 173–190.
Przeworski, Adam, 1975: Institutionalization of Voting Patterns, or is Mobilization a Source of Decay, in: American Political Science Review 69, 49–67.
Rae, Douglas, 1967: The Political Consequences of Electoral Laws, New Haven.
Rae, Douglas, 1968: A Note on the Fractionalization of Some European Party Systems, in: Comparative Political Studies 1, 413–418.
Rae, Douglas W., Taylor, Michael, 1970: The Analysis of Political Cleavages, New Haven. Rejai, Mostafa (Hrsg.), 1971: Decline of Ideology?, Chicago.
Rose, Richard, Llrwin, Derek W, 1970: Persistence and Change in Western Party Systems Since 1945, in: Political Studies 18, 287–319.
Sani, Giacomo, Sartori, Giovanni, 1983: Polarization, Fragmentation and Competition in Western Democracies, in: Hans Daalder, Peter Mair (Hrsg.), Western European Party Systems. Continuity & Change, London, 307–340.
Sartori, Giovanni, 1966: European Political Parties: The Case of Polarized Pluralism, in: Joseph LaPalombara, Myron Weiner (Hrsg.), Political Parties and Political Development, Princeton, 137–176.
Sartori, Giovanni, 1976: Parties and Party Systems. A Framework for Analysis, Cambridge.
Schmidt, Manfred G., 1985: Allerweltsparteien in Westeuropa, in: Leviathan 13, 376–397.
Shamir, Michal, 1984: Are Western Party Systems ‘Frozen’? A Comparative Dynamic Analysis, in: Comparative Political Studies 17, 35–79.
Sigelman, Lee, Yough, Syng Nam, 1978: Left-Right Polarization in National Party Systems: A Cross-National Analysis, in: Comparative Political Studies 11, 355–379.
Smith, Gordon, 1982: The German Volkspartei and the Career of the Catch-All Concept, in: Herbert Daring, Gordon Smith (Hrsg.), Party Government and Political Culture in West Germany, New York, 59–76.
Smith, Gordon, 1991: In Search of Small Parties: Problems of Definition, Classification and Significance, in: Ferdinand Müller-Rommel, Geoffrey Pridham (Hrsg.), Small Parties in Western Europe. Comparative and National Perspectives, London, 23–40.
Stinchcombe, Arthur L., 1975: Social Structure and Politics, in: Fred I. Greenstein, Nelson W. Polsby (Hrsg.), Handbook of Political Science (Band 3), Reading.
Stokes, Donald E., 1963: Spatial Models of Party Competition, in: American Political Science Review 57, 368–377.
Taagepera, Rein, Shugart, 1989: Seats and Votes: The Effects and Determinants of Electoral Systems, New Haven.
Taylor, Michael, Herman, V.M., 1971: Party Systems and Government Stability, in: American Political Science Review 65, 28–37.
Thomas, John C., 1975: The Decline of Ideology in Western Political Parties: A Study of Changing Policy Orientations, Beverly Hills.
Thomas, John C., 1979: The Changing Nature of Partisan Divisions in the West: Trends in Domestic Policy Orientations in Ten Party Systems, in: European Journal of Political Research 7, 397–413.
Thomas, John C., 1980: Ideological Trends in Western Political Parties, in: Peter H. Merkl (Hrsg.), Western European Party Systems. Trends and Prospects, New York, 348–366.
Thomas, John C., 1980: Policy Convergence Among Political Parties and Societies in Developed
Nations: A Synthesis and Partial Testing of Two Theories, in: Western Political Quarterly 33, 233–246.
Väyrynen, Raimo, 1972: Analysis of Party Systems by Concentration, Fractionalization, and Entropy Measures, in: Scandinavian Political Studies 7, 137–155.
Weil, Frederick D., 1989: The Sources and Structure of Legitimation in Western Democracies: A Consolidated Model Tested with Time-Series Data in Six Countries Since World War II, in: American Sociological Review 54, 682–706.
Wildgen, John K., 1971: The Measurement of Hyperfractionalization, in: Comparative Political Studies 4, 233–243.
Wolinetz, Steven B., 1979: The Transformation of Western European Party Systems Revisited, in: West European Politics 2, 4–28.
Wolinetz, Steven B., 1991: Party System Change: The Catch-all Thesis Revisited, in: West European Politics 14, 113–128.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1992 Westdeutscher Verlag GmbH, Opladen
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Niedermayer, O. (1992). Entwicklungstendenzen der westeuropäischen Parteiensysteme: eine quantitative Analyse. In: Kreile, M. (eds) Die Integration Europas. Politische Vierteljahresschrift Sonderheft. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-88720-7_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-88720-7_6
Publisher Name: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden
Print ISBN: 978-3-531-12403-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-322-88720-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive