Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Sozialer Streß bei Tier und Mensch

  • Chapter
Primärprozesse beim Sehen der Wirbellosen

Part of the book series: Rheinisch-Westfälische Akademie der Wissenschaften ((VN,volume 253))

  • 15 Accesses

Zusammenfassung

Jede Tierart hat eine für sie typische Sozialstruktur, die sich zwar unter dem Einfluß bestimmter Faktoren (z. B. Ernährungsbedingungen, Fortpflanzungszustand) in voraussagbarer Weise verändert, insgesamt aber weitgehend konstant ist. Die Form der Sozialstruktur wird durch ständigen Kontakt benachbarter Tiere untereinander hergestellt und aufrecht erhalten. Mit zunehmender Unabhängigkeit von der physischen Umwelt nimmt diese soziale Umwelt - d. h. der Kontakt mit Artgenossen - immer mehr an Bedeutung zu und erreicht besonders bei den Säugetieren die höchste Wichtigkeit. Hier ist jedes Individuum Teil der Umwelt der benachbarten Individuen und wirkt stets auf diese - auf ihr Verhalten und ihren physiologischen Zustand - ein. Jede Veränderung innerhalb einer Sozietät (z. B. Zu- oder Abnahme der Individuenzahl oder Eintritt der Geschlechtsreife von Jungtieren) kann somit zu Veränderungen des physiologischen Zustandes aller Individuen führen. Dies gilt für Angehörige „geselliger“, in großen Gruppen oder Herden lebender Tierarten ebenso wie für „nicht-soziale“Tiere, die jeweils einzeln ein abgegrenztes Territorium bewohnen.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 49.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 49.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literatur

  1. Ader, R.: Experimentally induced gastric lesions. Results and implications of studies in animals. Adv. Psychosom. Med. 6, 1–39 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  2. Archer, J.: Effects of population density on behaviour in rodents. In: Social behaviour in birds and mammals (J. H. Crook, ed.), pp. 169–210. London, New York: Academic Press 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Bajusz, E.: Physiology and pathology of adaptation mechanism - neutral - neuro-endocrine, and humoral. Oxford, London: Pergamon Press 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Barnetty S. A.: Social stress. The concept of stress. In: View-points in biology. Vol. 3 (J. D. Carthy, C. L. Duddington, eds.), pp. 170–218. London: Butterworths 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Blaine, E. H.: Elevated arterial blood pressure in an asymptotic population of meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus). Nature 242, 135 (1973).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Bourney P. G.: Altered adrenal function in two combat situations in Viet Nam. In: The physiology of aggression and defeat (B. E. Eleftheriou, J. P. Scott, eds.), pp. 265–290. New York, London: Plenum Press 1971.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  7. Brady, J. V.: Ulcers in executive monkeys. Scient. Amer. 10 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  8. Brady, J. V.: Emotion and the sensitivity of psychoendocrine systems. In: Neurophysiology and emotion (D. C. Glass, ed.), pp. 70–95. New York: Rockefeller University Press 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Calhoun, J. B.: Population density and social pathology. Scient. Amer. 206, 139–148 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  10. Calhoun, J. B.: Space and the strategy of life. In: Behavior and enviroment (A. H. Essor, ed.), pp. 329–387. New York, London: Plenum Press 1971.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  11. Cannon, W. B.: Bodily changes in pain, hunger, fear and rage. New York, London: Appleton 1915.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  12. Carlestam, G., Levi, L.: Urban conglomerates as psychosocial human stressors. General aspects, Swedish trends, and psychosocial and medical implications. Stockholm: Kungl Boktryckeriet 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Christian J. J.: The adreno-pituitary system and population cycles in mammals. J. Mammal. 31, 247–259 (1950).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Christian, J. J.: Endocrine adaptive mechanisms and the physiologi regulation of population growth. In: Physiological mammalogy. Vol. 1. Mammalian populations (W. V. Mayer, R. G. van Gelder, eds.), pp. 189–353. New York, London: Academic Press 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Christian, J. J.: The pathology of overpopulation. Military medicine 128, 571–603 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  16. Christian, J. J., LeMunyan, C. D.: Adverse effects of crowding on lactation and reproduction of mice and two generations of their offspring. Endocr. 63, 517–529 (1958).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Cowley, J. j., Wise, D. R.: Pheromones, growth and behaviour. In: Chemical influences on behaviour: Ciba Foundation Study Group (R. Porter, J. Birch, eds.), pp. 144–170. London: Churchill 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Curzon, G.: Relationships between stress and brain 5-hydroxytryptamine and their possible significance in affective disorders. J. Psychiat. Res. 9, 243–252 (1972).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Denenberg, V. H.: Stimulation in infancy, emotional reactivity, and exploratory behavior. Neurophysiology and emotion (D. C. Glass, ed.), pp. 161–190. New York: Rockefeller University Press 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Denenbergy V.H., Rosenberg, K. M.: Nongenetic transmission of information. Nature: 216, 549–550 (1967).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Eleftheriou, B. E.: Effects of aggression and defeat on brain macromolecules. In: The physiology of aggression and defeat (B. E. Eleftheriou, J. P. Scott, eds.), pp. 65–90. New York, London: Plenum Press 1971.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  22. Frank, F.: Untersuchungen über den Zusammenbruch von Feldmausplagen (microtus arvalis Pallas). Zool. Jahrb. 82, 95–136 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  23. Fuchs, E., Raab, A.: Unveröffentlichte Ergebnisse. München 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Galle, O. R., Gove, W. R., McPherson, J. M.: Population density and pathology: What are the relations for man? Science 176, 23–30 (1972).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Gilbert, F. F., Bailey, E. D.: The effect of visual isolation on reproduction in the female ranch mink. J. Mammal. 48, 113–118 (1967).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Henry, J. P., Cassel, J. C.: Psychosocial factors in essential hypertension. Recent epi-demiologic and animal experimental evidence. Amer. J. Epid. 90, 171–200 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  27. Henry, J. P., Ely, D. L., Stephens, P. M., Ratcliffe, H. L., Santisteban, Shapiro, A. P.: The role of psychosocial factors in the development of arteriosclerosis in CBA mice: Observations on the heart, kidney, and aorta. Atherosclerosius: 14, 203–218 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  28. Henry, J. P., Stephens, P. M., Ciaranello, R. D., Santisteban, G. A.: The induction of fixed hypertension and arteriosclerosis by prolonged social environmental stimulation. Im Druck.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Holst, D. v.: Sozialer Streß bei Tupajas (Tupaia belangeri). Die Aktivierung des sympathischen Nervensystems und ihre Beziehung zu hormonal ausgelösten ethologischen und physiologischen Veränderungen. Z. vergl. Physiol. 63, 1–58 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  30. Holst, D. v.: Renal failure as the cause of death in Tupaia belangeri exposed to persistent social stress. J. comp. Physiol. 78. 236–273 (1972).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Holst, D. v.: Die Nebenniere von Tupaia belangeri. J. comp. Physiol. 78, 274–288 (1972).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Holst, D. v.: Die Funktion der Nebenniere männlicher Tupaia belangeri. J. comp. Physiol. 78, 289–306 (1972).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Holst, D. v.: Sozialverhalten und sozialer Streß bei Tupajas. Umschau 1, 8–12 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  34. Lapin, B. A., Cherkovich, G. M.: Environmental changes causing the development of neuroses and corticovisceral pathology in monkeys. In: Society, stress and disease. Vol. 1. The psychosocial environment and psychosomatic diseases (L. Levi, ed.), pp. 266–279. London, New York: Oxford University Press 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Levi, L. (ed.): Society, stress and disease. Vol. 1. The psychosocial environment and psychosomatic diseases. London, New York: Oxford University Press 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Levine, S., Thoman, E. B.: Physiological and behavioral consequences of postnatal maternal stress in rats. Physiol, behav. 4, 139–142 (1969).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Mason, J. W.: Psychological influences on the pituitary-adrenal cortical system. Recent Progr. Hormone Res. 15, 345–389 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  38. Mason, J. W. (ed.): Organization of psychoendrocine mechanisms. Psychosom. Med. 30, 565–808 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  39. Meyers, J. S., Bowman, R. E.: Rearing experiences, stress and adrenocorticosteroids in the rhesus monkey. Physiol, behav. 8, 339–344 (1972).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Myers, K.: The effect of density on sociality and health in mammals. Proc. Ecol. Soc. Aust. 1, 40–64 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  41. Raab, A.: Der Serotoninstoffwechsel in einzelnen Hirnteilen vom Tupaia (Tupaia belangeri) bei soziopsychischem Stress. Z. vergl. Physiol. 72, 54–66 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  42. Randrup, A., Munkvad, J.: Relation of brain catecholamines to aggressiveness and other forms of behavioural excitation. In: Aggressive behaviour (S. Garratini, E. B. Sigg, eds.), pp. 228–235. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica Foundation 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Ratcliffe, H. L.: Environment, behavior, and disease. In: Progress in physiological psychology. Vol. 2 (E. Stellar, J. M. Sprague, eds.), pp. 161–228. London, New York: Academic Press 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Scapagnini, J., Preziosiy P.: Role of brain norepinephrine and serotonin in the tonic and phasic regulation of hypothalamic hypophyseal adrenal axis. Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. Therapie, Suppl. 196, 205–220 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  45. Schildkraut, J. J., Kety, S. S.: Biogenic amines and emotion. Pharmacological studies suggest a relationship between brain biogenic amines and affective state. Science 156, 21–30 (1967).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Selye, H.: The physiology and pathology of exposure to stress. Montreal: Acta 1950.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Snyder, R. L.: Reproduktion and population pressures. In: Progress in physiological psychology. Vol. 2 (E. Stellar, J. M. Sprague, eds.), pp. 119–160. New York, London: Academic Press 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Stieve, H.: Der Einfluß des Nervensystems auf Bau und Tätigkeit der Geschlechtsorgane des Menschen. Stuttgart: Thieme Verlag 1952.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Stumpfe, K.: Der psychogene Tod. Stuttgart: Hippokrates Verlag 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Wehmer, F. Porter, R. H. Scalesy B.: Pre-mating stress and pregnancy stress in rats affects behaviour of grand pups. Nature: 227, 622 (1970).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Welch, A. S., Welch, B. L.: Isolation, reactivity and aggression: Evidence for an involvement of brain catecholamines and serotonin. In: The physiology of aggression and defeat (B. E. Eleftheriou, J. P. Scott, eds.), pp. 91–142. New York, London: Plenum Press 1971.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  52. Welchy B. L.: Psychophysiological response to the mean level of environmental stimulation: A theory of environmental integration. Symposium Med. Asp. Stress in Milit. Climate, pp. 39–99 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  53. Whitten, W. K., Bronson, F. H.: The role of pheromones in mammalian reproduction. In: Communication by chemical signals (J. W. Johnstons, Jr., D. C. Moulton, A. Turk, eds.), pp. 309–325. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Wynne-Edwards, V. C.: Animal dispersion in relation to social behaviour. Edinburgh, London: Oliver and Boyd 1962.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Wynne-Edwards, V. C.: Intergroup selection in the evolution of social systems. Nature 200, 623–626 (1963).

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. München, Deutschland

    Dietrich v. Holst

Authors
  1. Dietrich v. Holst
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1975 Westdeutscher Verlag GmbH, Opladen

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

v. Holst, D. (1975). Sozialer Streß bei Tier und Mensch. In: Primärprozesse beim Sehen der Wirbellosen. Rheinisch-Westfälische Akademie der Wissenschaften, vol 253. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-86132-0_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-86132-0_2

  • Publisher Name: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-531-08253-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-322-86132-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation