Zusammenfassung
Nationale Umweltpolitikinnovationen breiten sich zunehmend international aus. Ergebnis dieses seit den sechziger Jahren andauernden globalen Ausbreitungsprozesses ist eine weit reichende Transformation der nationalen ebenso wie der internationalen Umweltpolitik. Zentrale Merkmale dieser Entwicklung sind der kontinuierliche Auf- und Ausbau staatlicher und zivilgesellschaftlicher umweltpolitischer Handlungskapazitäten und eine tendenzielle Konvergenz umweltpolitischer Maßnahmen und Regelungsmuster. Der vorliegende Beitrag fragt nach den Ursachen und Mechanismen dieses eindrucksvollen Politikwandels. Warum und wie breiten sich umweltpolitische Innovationen international aus? Welche kausalen Prozesse liegen dem globalen Wandel nationaler Umweltpolitiken zugrunde? Welchen Mustern folgt die internationale Ausbreitung von Politikinnovationen?
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsLiteraturverzeichnis
Ackermann, T., G. Andersson und L. Soder (2001): Overview of government and market driven programs for the promotion of renewable power generation. In: Renewable Energy 22 (1): 197–204.
Albert, Detlev (1995): Die UVP-Richtlinie — das ungewollte Kind? Ein Rückblick auf die europäische Umweltpolitik. In: UVP-Report 1995 (3): 132–133.
Andersen, Mikael Skou und Duncan Liefferink (1997): Introduction: the impact of pioneers on EU environmental policy. In: Andersen und Liefferink (1997): 1–39.
Andersen, Mikael Skou und Duncan Liefferink (Hrsg.) (1997): European environment policy. The pioneers. Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press.
Deutscher Bundestag (1988): Antwort der Bundesregierung auf die Große Anfrage zur Förderung und Nutzung Erneuerbarer Energiequellen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. July 20.
Bailey, Ian (1999): Flexibility, Harmonization and the Single Market in EU environmental policy: the packaging waste directive. In: Journal of Common Market Studies 37 (4): 549–571.
Baumol, William J. und Wallace E. Oates (1989): The theory of environmental policy. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Bechberger, Mischa, Stefan Körner und Danyel T. Reiche (2003): Erfolgsbedingungen von Instrumenten zur Förderung Erneuerbarer Energien im Strommarkt. FFU-Report 03-2003. Berlin: Environmental Policy Research Centre.
Bennett, Colin J. (1988): Different processes, one result: the convergence of data protection policies in Europe and the United States. In: Governance. An International Journal of Policy and Administration 1 (4): 162–183.
Bennett, Colin J. (1991a): How states utilize foreign evidence. In: Journal of Public Policy 11 (1): 31–54.
Bennett, Colin J. (1991b): What is policy convergence and what causes it? In: British Journal of Political Science 21 (2): 215–233.
Bennett, Colin J. (1997): Understanding riple effects: the cross-national adoption of policy instruments for bureaucratic accountability. In: Governance. An International Journal of Policy and Administration 10 (3): 213–233.
Berry, Frances S. und William D. Berry (1999): Innovation and diffusion models in policy research. In:Sabatier(1999): 169–200.
Bertoldi, Paolo (1999): Energy efficiency equipment within SAVE: activities, strategies, success and barriers. Paper read at SAVE Conference for an Energy Efficient Millennium, November 8–10, at Graz.
Betsill, Michele M. (1999): Changing the climate: international norms and the politics of global climate change. Paper read at Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, September 1–5, 1999, at Atlanta, Ga.
Beyme, Klaus von (1994): Systemwechsel in Osteuropa. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp.
Bliem, Markus (2001): Wirtschaftspolitische Optionen für erneuerbare Energieträger im liberalisierten europäischen Energiemarkt, Institut für Volkswirtschaftslehre und Volkswirtschaftspolitik, Karl-Franzens-Universität, Graz.
Blinzler, Max (1992): Umweltbundesamt. In: Dreyhaupt et al. (1992): 419–421.
Bongaerts, Jan und René Kemp (2000): The implementation and technological impact of the Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive (94/62/EC) in France, Germany and Finland. Synthesis Report for TEP European Commission Framework Programme IV (1994–1998). Maastricht: MERIT.
Botcheva, Lilian und Lisa L. Martin (2001): Institutional effects on state behaviour: convergence and divergence. In: International Studies Quarterly 45 (1): 1–26.
Bräutigam, Volker (2000): Taiwan entdeckt das deutsche EEG. In: Neue Energie, 11.
Breit, G. (Hrsg.) (1998): Neue Wege in der Umweltpolitik. Sehwalbach/Taunus: Wochenschau Verlag.
Bressers, Hans Th. A. und Loret A. Plettenburg (1997): The Netherlands. In: Jänicke und Weidner (1997): 109–131.
Bundesregierung (1971): Umweltprogramm der Bundesregierung. BT Drucksache VI 2710. Bonn: Bundesregierung.
Busch, Per-Olof (2003): Die Diffusion von Einspeisevergütungen und Quotenmodellen: Konkurrenz der Modelle in Europa. FFU-Report 03-2003. Berlin: Environmental Policy Research Centre.
Busch, Per-Olof und Helge Jörgens (2004): Governance by diffusion? An analytical distinction of three international governance mechanisms. Paper read at 45th Annual Convention of the International Studies Association, March 17–20, at Montreal, Canada.
Caddy, Joanne und Anna Vari (2002): Hungary. In: Weidner und Jänicke (2002): 219–238.
Carter, Neil und Philip Lowe (1994): Environmental politics and administrative reform. In: The Political Quarterly 65 (3): 263–274.
CCME (Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment) (1998): National Packaging Protocol. 1996 Milestone Report. Winnipeg: CCME.
CEQ (Council on Environmental Quality) (1997): The National Environmental Policy Act. A study of its effectiveness after twenty-five years. Washington: CEQ.
Cerny, Philip G. (2000): Political agency in a globalizing world: toward a strucurational approach. In: European Journal of International Relations 6 (4): 435–463.
Cerveny, Michael und Gustav Resch (1998): Feed-In Tariffs and Regulations Concerning Renewable Energy Electricity Generation in European Countries. Wien: Energieverwertungsagentur.
Checkel, Jeffrey T. (1999): Norms, institutions, and national identity in contemporary Europe. In: International Studies Quarterly 43 (1): 83–114.
CTI (Climate Technology Initiative) (2002): Energy efficient appliances early adoption project. Report on implementing EU appliance energy efficiency policy in Central and Eastern european countries. Paris: CTI.
CLASP (Collaborative Labelling and Appliance Standards Program) (2004): CLASP objectives. CLASP 2000 [zitiert am 24. Mai 2004]: http://www.clasponline.org/about-clasp/partners.php3.
Cochet, Yves (2000): Rapport au Premier ministre: Stratégie et moyens de développement de l’efficacité énergétique et des sources d’énergie renouvelables en France. Paris.
Collier, David und Richard E. Messick (1975): Prerequisites versus diffusion: testing alternative explanations for social security adoption. In: American Political Science Review 69:1299–1315.
Connolly, Barbara und Tamar Gutner (2002): Policy networks and process diffusion: organizational innovation within the ‘Europe for Environment’ network. Unpublished manuscript.
Court of Justice of the European Communities (2001): An obligation to purchase at minimum prices does not constitute state aid merely because it is imposed by statute, Presse release No 10/2001, 13 March 2001.
CSD (Commission on Sustainable Development) (2003): Guidelines for national reporting to CSD-12 2003 [zitiert am 17. Dezember 2003]: http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/natlinfo/csdl2_natinfo/csdl2_natlinfo_guidelines.pdf.
Delia Cava, Mirka F., Stephen Wiel, Peter du Pont, Sood R. Na Phuket, Sachu Constantine und James E. McMahon (2000): Supporting a network for energy efficiency labels and standards programs in developing countries. Paper read at 2nd International Conference on Energy Efficiency in Household Appliances and Lighting, September 27–29, at Neapel.
Department of Industry and Trade (1999): New & Renewable Energy — Prospects for the 21st Century. London.
Deutscher Bundestag (1998): Gesetz über den Vorrang Erneuerbarer Energien (Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz, EEG).
Dierkes, M., H. N. Weiler und A. B. Antal (Hrsg.) (1987): Comparative policy research: learning from experience. Aldershot: Gower.
DiMaggio, Paul J. und Walter W. Powell (1983): The iron cage revisited: institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields. In: American Sociological Review 48 (2): 147–160.
DiMaggio, Paul J. und Walter W. Powell (1991): The iron cage revisited: institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields. In Powell (Hrsg.) (1991): 63–82.
Dodd, L. C. und C. Jillson (Hrsg.) (1994): New perspectives on American politics. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly.
Dolowitz, David (2000): Policy transfer and British social policy. Basingstoke, England: Open University Press.
Dolowitz, David und David Marsh (1996): Who learns what from whom: a review of the policy transfer literature. In: Political Studies 44 (2): 343–357.
Dolowitz, David und David Marsh (2000): Learning from abroad: the role of policy transfer in contemporary policy making. In: Governance. An International Journal of Policy and Administration 13 (1): 5–24.
Donkers, Robert (2000): Umweltpolitik in der Europäischen Union: Ein neuer Weg. In: Jänicke und Jörgens: 53–67.
Dreyhaupt, F. J., F.-J. Peine und G. W. Wittkämper (Hrsg.) (1992): Umwelt Handwörterbuch. Umweltmanagement in der Praxis der Führungskräfte in Wirtschaft, Politik und Verwaltung. Regensburg: Walhalla.
Duffy, John (1996): Energy labeling, standards and building codes: a global survey and assessment for selected developing countries. Washington: International Institute for Energy Conservation.
Eco-news (2003): Die Schweiz orientiert sich am deutschen EEG. Förderverein Ökologische Steurre-form 2002 [zitiert 6. Juni 2003]: http://www.foes-ev.de/news11/3artikel9.html.
EEA (European Environment Agency) (1996): Environmental taxes. Implementation and environmental effectiveness. In: Environmental Issue Series No. 1. Copenhagen: EEA.
EEA (2000): Environmental taxes: recent developments and tools for integration. In: Environmental Issue Series No. 18. Copenhagen: European Environment Agency.
EECA (Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority) (2003): Proposed Implementation of Mandatory Energy Performance Standards and Labeling. Discussion document for consultation under the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Act 2000. EECA 2001 [zitiert am 14. September 2003]: http://www.mfe.govt.nz/publications/energy/energy-performance-standards-labelling-apr02.pdf
Egan, Kristina und Peter du Pont (1998): Asia’s new standards for success: Energy efficiency standards and labeling programs in 12 Asian countries. Washington, D.C.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) (1998): Environmental labelling: issues, policies and practices worldwide. Washington, D.C.: Environmental Protection Agency.
EURELECTRIC (1999): Promotion of renewables in the EU and possible harmonisation. EURELECTRIC view. EURELECTRIC.
European Commission (1995): White paper: an energy policy for the European Union. COM (95)682. Brussels: European Commission.
European Commission (1998a): Electricity from renewable energy sources and the internal electricity market. Brussels: European Commission.
European Commission (1998b): Report to the Council and the European Parliament on harmonisation requirements Directive 96/92/EC concerning common rules for the internal market in electricity. Brussels: European Commission.
European Commission (2002): Commission raises no objections to German feed-in laws for electricity from renewable sources and combined heat and power, Press release IP/02/739, 22 May 2002.
European Parliament (1996): Resolution on a Community action plan for renewable energy sources, A4-0188/1996. Brussels: European Parliament.
Evans, M und J Davies (1999): Understanding policy transfer: a multi-level, multidisciplinary perspective. In: Public Administration 77 (2): 361–385.
Exner, Martin (1993): Umweltschutz als Grundrecht in der norwegischen Verfassung. In: Natur + Recht 15:16–17.
Finnemore, Martha (1996): National interests and international society. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Finnemore, Martha und Kathryn Sikkink (1998): International norm dynamics and political change. In: International Organization 52 (4): 887–917.
Fiorino, Daniel J (1995): Making Environmental Policy. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press.
Gabriel, O. W. (Hrsg.) (1992): Die EG-Staaten im Vergleich. Strukturen, Prozesse, Politikinhalte,. Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag.
Gale, Robert J.P (1997): Canada’s Green Plan. In: Jänicke et al. (1997): 97–120.
Gehring, Thomas (1997): Governing in nested institutions: environmental policy in the European Union and the case of packaging waste. In: Journal of European Public Policy 4 (3): 337–354.
Gianella, Vincenzo P., Arthur Mohr und Thomas Stadler (1985): Das neue Umweltschutzgesetz: Ein wichtiger Schritt im Rahmen der schweizerischen Umweltpolitik. In: Zeitschrift für Umweltpolitik & Umweltrecht 8 (1): 97–117.
Gillwald, Katrin (2000): Konzepte sozialer Innovation. Discussion Papers P00-519. Berlin: Social Science Research Centre.
Glasson, John und Caroline Bellanger (2003): Divergent practice in a converging system? The case of EIA in France and the UK. In: Environmental Impact Assessment Review 23 (5): 605–624.
Global Ecolabelling Network (2004): What is GEN? Global Ecolabelling Network 2003 [zitiert am 12. Januar 2004]: http://www.gen.gr.jp/whats.html.
Glück, P., G. Oesten, H. Schanz und K.-R. Volz (Hrsg.) (1999): Formulation and implementation of national forest programmes: theoretical aspects, edited by. Joensu: European Forest Institute.
Goldthorpe, J. H. (Hrsg.) (1984): Order and conflict in contemporary capitalism. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Golub, Jonathan (1996): State Power and Institutional Influence in European Integration: Lessons from the Packaging Waste Directive. In: Journal of Common Market Studies 34 (3): 313–339.
Gourevitch, Peter (1978): The second image reversed: the international sources of domestic politics. In: International Organization 32 (4): 881–911.
Grabbe, Heather (1999): The transfer of policy models from the EU to Central and Eastern Europe: Europeanisation by design? Paper read at 1999 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, at Atlanta, Ga., September 1–5.
Gray, Virginia (1973): Innovations in the state: a diffusion study. In: American Political Science Review 67 (4): 1174–1185.
Gray, Virginia (1994): Competition, emulation, and policy innovation. In: Dodd und Jillson (1994): 230–248.
Green, Earl und Roosevelt da Costa (2000): Energy efficiency development — the Jamaican experience. Paper read at CTI Energy Efficiency Workshop: Latin American Regional Workshop on Energy Efficiency Standards & Labelling, August 10–11, at Mexico City.
Gurowitz, A. (1999): Mobilizing international norms: domestic actors, immigrants and the Japanese state. In: World Politics 51 (April): 413–445.
Haas, Peter M. (2002): UN conferences and constructivist governance of the environment. In: Global Governance. A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations 8 (1): 73–91.
Haas, Reinhard, Norbert Wohlgemuth und Claus Huber (2001): Financial Incentives to Promote Renewable Energy systems in European Electricity Markets: A Survey. In: International Journal Global Energy Issues 15 (1/2): 5–24.
Hall, Peter A. (1993): Policy paradigms, social learning and the state: the case of economic policy-making in Britain. In: Comparative Politics 25 (3): 275–296.
Hanf, K. and A.-I. Jansen (Hrsg,) (1998): Governance and environment in Western Europe. Politics, policy and administration. Harlow: Addison Wesley Longman.
Harrington, Lloyd (2000): Background discussion paper — minimum energy performance standards, energy labeling and test procedures. Paper read at Symposium on Domestic Refrigeration Appliances, March 6–8, at Wellington.
Harrington, Lloyd und Melissa Damnics (2001): Energy labeling and standards programs throughout the world. Report to The National Appliance and Equipment Energy Efficiency Committee.
Hasenclever, Andreas, Peter Mayer und Volker Rittberger (1997): Theories of international regimes. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Hauff, Volker (1987): Unsere gemeinsame Zukunft. Der Brundtland-Bericht der Weltkommission für Umwelt und Entwicklung. Greven: Eggenkamp Verlag.
Haverland, Markus (2000): National Adaptation to European Integration: The Importance of Institutional Veto Points. In: Journal of Public Policy 20 (1): 83–103.
Heidbrink, Kathrin und Stephan Paulus (2000): Strategies for sustainable development in the thicket of national planning processes. From convergent concepts to coherent actions in the development co-operation. Bonn und Eschborn: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit.
Heiberg, Andreas (2002): Allgemeines Umweltverwaltungsrecht. In: Koch.:77–134.
Héritier, Adrienne (1996): The accomodation of diversity in European policy-making and its outcomes: regulatory policy as a patchwork. In: Journal of European Public Policy 3 (2): 149–167.
Hinsch, Christian (1999): Aufgeschoben ist nicht aufgehoben. Europäische Einspeiserichtlinie wird hinter den Kulissen weiter diskutiert. In: Neue Energie, Heft 3, 56–58.
Hoberg, George (1991): Sleeping with an elephant: the American influence on Canadian environmental regulation. In: Policy Sciences 23:107–132.
Hohmeyer, Olav (1995): Ökologische Steuerreform. Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlag.
Howlett, Michael (2000): Beyond legalism? Policy ideas, implementation styles and emulation based convergence in Canadian and U.S. environmental policy. In: Journal of Public Policy 20 (3): 305–329.
Hvelplund, Frede (2001a): Political prices or political quantities? A comparison of renewable energy support systems. In: New Energy, 5, 18–23.
Hvelplund, Frede (2001b): Renewable energy governance systems. A comparison of the ‘political price-/amount market’ model with the ‘political quota-/certificate model’. Aalborg: Aalborg University.
IAIA (International Association for Impact Assessment) (1999): Principles of environmental impact assessment best practice. Fargo: IAIA.
IDA (International Development Association) (2001): How far into mainstream? A review of environmental issues in IDA activities. Washington: IDA.
IEA (International Energy Agency) (2000): Energy labels & standards. Energy efficiency policy profiles. Paris: IEA.
IIED (International Institute for Environment) (2002): Sustainable Development Strategies: A Resource Book. London: Earthscan.
Ikenberry, G. John (1990): The international spread of privatization policies: inducement, learning, and policy-bandwaggoning. In: Suleiman und Waterbury (1990).
Imura, Hidefuni (1997): Japan. In: Jänicke und Weidner (1997): 73–88.
Ireland, Government of (2000): Strategy for Intensifying Wind Energy Deployment. Dublin: Renewable Energy Strategy Group.
Jacobson, Harold K. und Edith Brown Weiss (2000): Engaging Countries. Strengthening Compliance with International Environmental Accords. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
Jänicke, Martin (1990): Erfolgsbedingungen von Umweltpolitik im internationalen Vergleich. In: Zeitschrift für Umweltpolitik & Umweltrecht 13 (3): 213–232.
Jänicke, Martin (1996): Die Umweltpolitik der Industrieländer. Entwicklung — Bilanz — Erfolgsbedingungen. Berlin: Edition Sigma.
Jänicke, Martin (1997): The Political System’s Capacity for Environmental Policy. In: 1–24.
Jänicke, Martin, Alexander Carius und Helge Jörgens (1997): Nationale Umweltpläne in ausgewählten Industrieländern. Berlin: Springer.
Jänicke, Martin und Helge Jörgens (1998): National environmental policy planning in OECD countries: preliminary lessons from cross-national comparisons. In: Environmental Politics 7 (2): 27–54.
Jänicke, Martin und Helge Jörgens (Hrsg.) (2000): Umweltplanung im internationalen Vergleich. Strategien der Nachhaltigkeit. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer.
Jänicke, Martin, Helge Jörgens und Claudia Koll (2000): Elemente einer deutschen Nachhaltigkeits-strategie: Einige Schlussfolgerungen aus dem internationalen Vergleich. In: Jänicke und Jörgens (2000): 221–231.
Jänicke, Martin, Helge Jörgens und Claudia Koll (2001): Nationale Umweltplanung. In Studium der Umweltwissenschaften — Sozialwissenschaften. In: Müller-Rommel (2001): 43–65.
Jänicke, Martin and Helmut Weidner (Hrsg.) (1995): Successful environmental policy. A critical evaluation of 24 cases. Berlin: Edition Sigma.
Jänicke, Martin und Helmut Weidner (1997a): Germany. In: Jänicke und Weidner (1997b): 133–155.
Jänicke, Martin und Helmut Weidner (Hrsg.) (1997b): National environmental policies: a comparative study of capacity building. Berlin: Springer.
Jörgens, Helge (1996): Die Institutionalisierung von Umweltpolitik im internationalen Vergleich. In: 59–111.
Jörgens, Helge (2004): Governance by diffusion — Implementing global norms through cross-national imitation and learning. In: Lafferty (2004).
Keck, Margaret E. und Kathryn Sikkink (1998): Activists beyond borders. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Keohane, Robert O (1984): The wold political economy and the crisis of embedded liberalism. In: Goldthorpe: 15–38.
Keohane, Robert O. und Marc A. Levy (Hrsg.) (1996): Institutions for environmental aid: pitfalls and promise. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
Kern, Kristine (2000): Die Diffusion von Politikinnovationen. Umweltpolitische Innovationen im Mehrebenensystem der USA. Opladen: Leske + Budrich.
Kern, Kristine, Helge Jörgens und Martin Jänicke (2000): Die Diffusion umweltpolitischer Innovationen. Ein Beitrag zur Globalisierung von Umweltpolitik. In: Zeitschrift für Umweltpolitik & Umweltrecht 23 (4): 507–546.
Kern, Kristine, Helge Jörgens und Martin Jänicke (2001): The diffusion of environmental policy innovations: a contribution to the globalization of environmental policy. Discussion Paper FS II 01-302. Berlin: Social Science Research Centre.
Kern, Kristine, Ingrid Kissling-Näf, Ute Landmann, Corme Mauch und in collaboration with Tina Löffelsend (2001): Policy Convergence and Policy Diffusion by Governmental and Non-Governmental Institutions. An International Comparison of Eco-labeling Systems. Discussion Paper FS II 01-305. Berlin: Social Science Research Centre.
Kimmel, Adolf (1992): Verfassungsrechtliche Rahmenbedingungen: Grundrechte, Staatszielbestimmungen und Verfassungsstrukturen. In: Gabriel (1992): 23–49.
Kloepfer, Michael (1989): Umweltrecht. München: Beck.
Knill, Christoph (1998): European policies: the impact of national administrative systems. In: Journal of Public Policy 18 (1): 1–28.
Knill, Christoph und Andrea Lenschow (1998): Change as „appropriate adaptation“: administrative adjustment to European environmental policy in Britain and Germany. In: European Integration Online Papers 2(1).
Knill, Christoph und Andrea Lenschow (Hrsg.) (2000): Implementing EU environmental policy. New directions and old problems. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Knoepfel, Peter und Helmut Weidner (1985): Luftreinhaltepolitik (stationäre Quellen) im internationalen Vergleich. Vol. I: Methodik und Ergebnisse. Berlin: Edition Sigma.
Koch, H.-J. (Hrsg.) (2002): Umweltrecht. Neuwied und Kriftel: Luchterhand.
Kohler-Koch, Beate, ed. (2003): Linking EU and national governance. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kohler-Koch, Beate und Rainer Eising, eds (1999): The transformation of governance in the European Union. London: Routledge.
Konkreter Vorschlag im Herbst. MdEP Mechthild Rothe zum EU-Weißbuch ‘Erneuerbare Energien’ (1998). In: Neue Energie, Heft 7,14–15.
Kraft, Michael E. und Norman J. Vig (1997): Environmental policy from the 1970s to the 1990s: an overview. In: Vig und Kraft (1997).
Krasner, Stephan D. (1983a): Structural causes and regime consequences: regimes as intervening variables. In Krasner (1993b).
Krasner, Stephan D. (Hrsg.) (1983b): International regimes. London: Cornell University Press.
Küppers, Günter, Peter Lundgreen und Peter Weingart (1978): Umweltforschung — die gesteuerte Wissenschaft? Eine empirische Studie zum Verhältnis von Wissenschaftsentwicklung und Wissenschaftspolitik. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp.
Lafferty, William M. und James Meadowcroft (2000): Implementing sustainable development. Strategies and initiatives in high consumption societies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Lafferty, William M. (Hrsg.) (2004): Governance for sustainable development. The challenge of adapting form to function. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Landmann, Ute (1998): Nationale Umweltzeichen im Zuge der Globalisierung von Wirtschafts-, Umwelt- und Sozialpolitik. Analyse und Perspektiven von Umweltzeichenprogrammen, Department of Social and Political Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin.
Lauber, Volkmar (2001): The different concepts of promoting RES-electricity and their political careers. Paper read at 2001 Berlin Conference on the Human Dimensions of Global Change — Global Environmental Change and the Nation State, at Berlin, December 7–8.
Leichter, Howard M. (1983): The patterns and origins of policy diffusion: The case of the Commonwealth. In: Comparative Politics 15:223–233.
Levy, Marc A., Oran R. Young und Michael Zürn (1995): The study of international regimes. In: European Journal of International Relations 1 (3): 267–330.
Liberatore, Angela (1997): The European Union: bridging domestic and international environmental policy-making. In: Schreurs and Economy (1997). 188–212.
Liefferink, Duncan (1999): The Dutch national plan for sustainable society. In: Vig und Axelrod (1999): 256–278.
Long, Bill L (2000): International environmental issues and the OECD 1950–2000. Paris: OECD.
Lowi, Theodore J. (1964): American business, public policy, case studies and political theory. In: World Politics 16 (July): 677–715.
Lowi, Theodore J. (1974): Four systems of policy, politics and choice. In: Public Administration Review 32 (July/August): 298–310.
Lutz, J. (1987): Regional leadership: patterns in the diffusion of public policies. In: American Politics Quarterly 15 (3): 387–398.
Mahajan, Vijay und Robert A. Peterson (1985): Models for innovation diffusion. Newbury Park: Sage Publications.
Majone, Giandomenico (1991): Cross-national sources of regulatory policy-making in Europe and the United States. In: Journal of Public Policy 11 (1): 79–106.
March, James G. und Johan P. Olsen (1989): Rediscovering institutions. The organizational basis for politics. New York: Free Press.
Markus, M. L (1987): Towards a ‘critical mass’ theory of interactive media: universal access, interdependence and diffusion. In: Communication Research 14:491–511.
McCormick, John (1995): The global environmental movement. Chichester: Wiley.
McCormick, John (1999): The role of environmental NGOs in international regimes. In: Vig und Axelrod (1999): 52–71.
McLeod, Neil (2001): Canada’s Energy Efficiency Standards and Labelling Program. Paper read at International Energy Agency Seminar: Energy Efficiency Standards & Labelling, November 6–7, at Peking.
Meadowcroft, James (2000): Nationale Pläne und Strategien zur nachhaltigen Entwicklung in Industrieländern. In: Jänicke und Jörgens: 113–129.
Mensch, Gerhard (1971): Zur Dynamik des technischen Fortschritts. In: Zeitschrift für Betriebswirtschaft 41 (5): 293–314.
Mensch, Gerhard (1972): Basisinnovationen und Verbesserungsinnovationen. Eine Erwiderung. In: Zeitschrift für Betriebswirtschaft 42 (4): 291–297.
Mensch, Gerhard (1975): Das technologische Patt. Innovationen überwinden die Depression. Frankfurt am Main: Umschau.
Meyer, John W., David John Frank, Ann Hironaka, Evan Schofer und Nancy Brandon Tuma (1997): The structuring of a world environment regime, 1870–1990. In: International Organization 51 (4): 623–651.
Meyer, Niels I (2003): European schemes for promoting renewables in liberalised markets. In: Energy Policy 31 (7): 665–676.
Mez, Lutz (1995): Reduction of exhaust gases at large combustion plants in the Federal Republic of Germany. In: Jänicke und Weidner (1995): 173–186.
Mez, Lutz (1998): Die Verflechtung von Umwelt- und Energiepolitik in Deutschland. In: Breit (1998): 24–39.
Mez, Lutz und Anette Piening (2001): Ansätze und Erfahrungen mit Mengensteuersystemen in der Energie- und Umweltpolitik in den USA, den Niederlanden, Dänemark und Großbritannien. FFU-Report 04-2001. Berlin: Forschungsstelle für Umweltpolitik.
Miles, Edward L., Arild Underdal, Steinar Andresen, Jørgen Wettestad, Jon Birger Skaerseth und Elaine M. Carlin (Hrsg.) (2002): Environmental regime effectiveness. Confronting theory with evidence. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
Ministry of Development (2003): National report regarding penetration level of renewable energy sources in the year 2010. Ministry of Development 2003.
Mintrom, Michael (1997): Policy entrepreneurs and the diffusion of innovation. In: American Journal of Political Science 41 (3): 738–770.
Mitchell, Ronald B (2002): International environmental politics. In: Risse et al. (2002): 515–516.
Mitchell, Catherine und Theresa Anderson (2000): The Implications of Tradable Green Certificates for the UK. ETSU Project Number: TG (K/BD/00218). London.
Morata, Fracesc und Nuria Font (1998): Spain: environmental policy and public administration. In: Hanf und Jansen (1998): 208–229.
Müller, Edda (1986): Innenwelt der Umweltpolitik. Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag.
Müller-Rommel, M.C. (2001): Studium der Umweltwissenschaften — Sozialwissenschaften. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer.
NAEEEC (National Appliance Equipment Energy Efficiency Program) (2001): Future directions 2002 to 2004 — A discussion paper. Canberra: NAEEEC.
NAEWG (North American Energy Working Group) (2002): North American Energy Efficiency Standards and Labeling. NAEWG 2002. Available from http://oee.nrcan.gc.ca/NAenergyefficiency/NAEWG_Standards-Labels.pdf.
Nationalrat der Republik Österreich (1996): Stenographisches Protokoll. 38. Sitzung des Nationalrates der Republik Österreich, XX. Gesetzgebungsperiode, Freitag 20. September 1996.
Niestroy, Ingeborg (2000): Die strategische UVP als Instrument zur Integration von Umweltbelangen in andere Politikbereiche. Fallstudien im Bereich der Wasserstraßenplanung an Elbe und San Francisco Bay. Berlin: Verlag für Wissenschaft und Forschung.
Oberthuer, Sebastian und Dennis Tänzler (2002): International regimes as a trigger of policy diffusion: the development of climate policies in the European Union. Paper read at 2001 Berlin Confernece on the Human Dimensions of Global Environmental Change: Global Environmental Change and the Nation-State, at Berlin.
OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) (1991): Environmental labeling in OECD countries. Paris: OECD.
OECD (1993): A comparison of carbon taxes in selected OECD countries. OECD Environmental Monographs No. 78 OECD/GD(93)120. Paris: OECD.
OECD (1994): Capacity development in environment. Paris: OECD.
OECD (1995a): Developing environmental capacity. A framework for donor involvement. Paris: OECD.
OECD (1995b): Energy efficiency standards for traded products. Working Paper No. 5. Paris: OECD.
OECD (1995c): Environmental taxes in OECD countries. Paris: OECD.
OECD (1996): Pollution prevention and control. Extended producer responsibility in the OECD area. Phase 1 Report. Legal and administrative approaches in Member countries and policy options for EPR programmes. Paris: OECD.
OECD (1997): Eco-labelling: actual effects of selected programmes. OCDE/GD(97)105. Paris: OECD.
OECD (1998a): Evaluation of progress in developing and implementing national environmental action programmes (NEAPs) in Central and Eastern Europe and the New Independent States. Final Report by the OECD Task Force for the Implementation of the Environmental Action Programme in Central and Eastern Europe (E??) CCNM/ENV/EAP(98)23/REV1. Paris: OECD.
OECD (1998b): Extended and shared producer responsibility. Phase 2. Case Study on the German Packaging Ordinance. ENV/EPOC/PPC(97)21/REVZ Paris: OECD.
OECD (1999): Environmental taxes. Recent developments in China and OECD countries. Paris: OECD.
OECD (2001a): Environmentally related taxes in OECD countries. Issues and strategies. Paris: OECD.
OECD (2001b): Extended producer responsibility. A guidance manual for governments. Paris: OECD.
OECD (2001c): Strategies for sustainable development: practical guidance for development cooperation. Paris: OECD.
OECD (2001d): Sustainable development: Critical issues. Paris: OECD.
Østergaard, Vibeke und Sietze van der Sluis (1993): Efficiency standards in EC and Europe. Paper read at European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy Summer Study.
Owen, Elisa (2001): Overview of existing legislation in the region. Paper read at CTI Capacity Building Seminar: Regional Workshop on Energy Efficiency Standards & Labels, March 22–23, at Buenos Aires.
Painter, Martin (2001): Multi-Level governance and the emergence of collaborative federal institutions in Australia. In: Policy & Politics 29 (2): 137–150.
Papadakis, Elim (2000): Australia: ecological sustainable development in the national interest. In: Lafferty und Meadowcroft (2000).
Parliament of Australia (2000): Renewable Energy (Electricity) Bill 2000 — Renewable Energy (Electricity) (Charge) Bill 2000. Report of the Senate Environment, Communications, Information Technology and the Arts References Committee. Canberra: Senate Environment, Communications, Information Technology and the Arts References Committee.
Pehle, Heinrich und Alf-Inge Jansen (1998): Germany: the engine in European environmental policy? In: Hanf und Jansen (1997).
Peters, Heinz (1987): Praktische Auswirkungen eines im Grundgesetz verankerten Staatsziels Umweltschutz. In: Natur + Recht 9:293–296.
Pleschberger, Werner (1999): The national environmental plan of Austria — A lesson to learn in environmental policy? In: Glück et al. (1999): 215–227.
Polsby, Nelson W. (1984): Political Innovation in America. The Politics of Policy Initiation. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Powell, W. W. (Hrsg.) (1991): The new institutionalism in organizational analysis. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
Prittwitz, Volker v. (1994): Politikanalyse. Opladen: Leske + Budrich.
Radaelli, Claudio M. (2000): Policy transfer in the European Union: institutional isomorphism as a source of legitimacy. In: Governance. An International Journal of Policy and Administration 13 (1): 25–43.
Rehbinder, Eckhard, Armin Sandhövel und Hubert Wiggering (1999): The role of European Environmental Advisory Councils in the different EU Member states. In: Environmental Politics 8 (2): 165–172.
Reiche, Danyel T. und Carsten Krebs (1999): Der Einstieg in die Ökologische Steuerreform. Aufstieg, Restriktionen und Durchsetzung eines umweltpolitischen Themas. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang Verlag.
Ringquist, Evan J. (1993): Environmental protection at the state level. Politics and progress in controlling pollution. Armon und London: Sharpe.
Risse, Thomas (2000): ‘Let’s argue!’: communicative action in world politics. In: International Organization 54 (1): 1–40.
Risse, Thomas, Stephen C. Ropp und Kathryn Sikkink (Hrsg.) (1999): The power of human rights. International norms and domestic change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Risse, Thomas., Walter Carlsnaes and Beth A. Simmons (Hrsg.) (2002): Handbook of International Relations. London: Sage Publications.
Rogers, Everett (1995): Diffusion of innovations. New York: Free Press.
Rogers, Everett (2003): Diffusion of innovations. New York: Free Press.
Rose, Richard (1991): What is lesson-drawing. In: Journal of Public Policy 11 (1): 3–30.
Rose, Richard (1993): Lesson-drawing in public policy. A guide to learning across time and space. Chatham, NJ: Chatham House.
Ruby, Jorn (2001): Zweifelhafte Zertifikate. Nach heftigen Kontroversen warten die Dänen weiter auf ihr neues Ökostrom-Gesetz. In: Neue Energie, Heft 8, 74–76.
Sabatier, Paul A. (Hrsg.) (1999): Theories of the policy process. Boulder, Colo./Oxford: Westview Press.
Sand, Peter H (1990): Lessons learned in global environmental governance. Washington, D.C.: World Resources Institute.
Sands, Philippe (2003): Principles of International Environmental Law. Second Edition. Second Edition ed. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press.
Schaeffer, G.J., G.M. Bots, T. Anderson, C. Mitchell, C. Timpe und M. Cames (1999): The Implications of Tradable Green Certificate for the Deployment of Renewable Electricity. Mid-Term Report ECN-C-99-072, Altener Contract XVII/4.1030/Z/98-037. Öko-Institut/Science and Technology Policy Research (SPRU).
Scharpf, Fritz W (1999): Governing in Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Schlegelmilch, Kai (1999): Energiesteuern in Europa. In Blick nach Vorn. Anforderungen an die weiteren Stufen der Ökologischen Steuerreform. Bonn: Bundestagsfraktion Bündnis90/Die Grünen.
Schreurs, M. and E. Economy (Hrsg.) (1997): The internationalization of environmental policy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Schröder, Gerhard (1999): Regierungserklärung des Bundeskanzlers. Das Parlament 1999 (48): 2–4.
Schuster, Barbara (2000): Strategien nachhaltiger Entwicklung in Deutschland. In: Jänicke und Jörgens (2000): 153–161.
Seeliger, Robert (2001): Konvergenz oder Divergenz? Sonderabfallpolitik in Deutschland, Kanada und den USA 1970 bis 1996, Fakultät für Sozial- und Verhaltenswissenschaften, Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Tübingen.
Semb, Arne (2001): Sulphur dioxide: from protection of human lungs to remote lake restoration. In Late lessons from early warnings: the precautionary principle 1896–2000. In: Environmental Issue Report No. 22. Brussels: Office for official publications of the European Communities.
Sheate, W. (1984): The EEC Draft Directive on the Environmental Assessment of Projects: its history, development and implications. MSc Dissertation, Imperial College London, London.
Sitarz, Daniel (Hrsg.) (1998): Sustainable America. America’s environment, economy and society in the 21st century. Carbondale, Il: Earthpress.
Sooros, Marvin S. (1999): Global institutions and the environment: an evolutionary perspective. In: Vig und Axelrod (1999): 27–51.
SRU (Rat von Sachverständigen für Umweltfragen) (1998): Umweltgutachten 1998. Umweltschutz: Erreichtes sichern — Neue Wege gehen. Stuttgart: Metzler-Poeschel.
SRU (2000): Umweltgutachten 2000. Schritte ins nächste Jahrtausend. Stuttgart: Metzler-Poeschel.
SRU (2002a): Sondergutachten Naturschutz. Stuttgart: Metzler-Poeschel.
SRU (2002b): Umweltgutachten 2002. Für eine neue Vorreiterrolle. Stuttgart: Metzler-Poeschel.
Steering Group on Energy Standards (2003): Cooperation on energy Standards in APEC. Report of the Steering Group on Energy Standards to the APEC Energy Working Group. Steering Group on Energy Standards, 2000.
Stone, Diana (1999): Learning lessons and transferring policy across time, space and disciplines. In: Politics 19(1): 51–59.
Stone, Diana (2001): Learning lessons, policy transfer and the international diffusion of policy ideas. CSGR Working Paper 69/01. Coventry: Center for the Study of the Globalisation and Regionalisation, CSGR.
Strang, David und John W. Meyer (1993): Institutional conditions for diffusion. In: Theory and Society 22 (4): 487–511.
Strang, David und Sarah A. Soule (1998): Diffusion in organizations and social movements: from hybrid corn to poison pills. In: Annual Review of Sociology 24:265–290.
Suleiman, E. N. und J. Waterbury (Hrsg.) (1990): The political economy of public sector reform and privatization. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press.
Tews, Kerstin (2002a): Politiktransfer: Phänomen zwischen Policy-Lernen und Oktroi. Überlegungen zu unfreiwilligen Umweltpolitikimporten am Beispiel der EU-Osterweiterung. In: Zeitschrift für Umweltpolitik & Umweltrecht 25 (2): 173–201.
Tews, Kerstin (2002b): Der Diffusionsansatz für die Vergleichende Policy-Analyse. Wurzeln und Potenziale eines Konzepts. Eine Literaturstudie. FFU-report 02-2002. Berlin: Forschungsstelle für Umweltpolitik.
Tews, Kerstin, Per-Olof Busch und Helge Jörgens (2003): The diffusion of new environmental policy instruments. In: European Journal of Political Research 42 (2): 569–600.
Tolba, Mostafa, Osama A. El-Kholy, E. El-Hinnawi, M.W. Hldgate, D.F. McMichael und R.E. Munn (1995): The world environment 1972–1992. Two decades of challenges. London: Chapman & Hall.
Tolba, Mostafa K. und Iwona Rummel-Bulska (1998): Global environmental diplomacy: Negotiating environmental agreements for the world, 1973–1992. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
Tomsic, G. Mihael und Andrej a Urbancic (1999): Design of a CO2 Tax in Slovenia. Paper read at 1st Austrian-Czech Conference on Energy Market liberalization in Central and Eastern Europe, September 6–8, at Prague.
United Nations (1997): Programme for the further implementation of Agenda 21. Resolution adopted by the General Assembly at its 19th Special Session (13–28 June 1997). New York: United Nations General Assembly.
Uppenbrink, Martin (1974): Organisation der Umweltplanung in den USA. Umweltgestaltung Heft A 25. Berlin: Erich Schmidt Verlag.
Valente, Thomas W (1993): Diffusion of innovation and policy-decison-making. In: Journal of Communication 43 (1): 30–44.
Valente, Thomas W. und Rebecca L. Davis (1999): Accelerating the diffusion of innovations using opinion leaders. In: Annals of the American Academy of Political Science 566:55–67.
van Beek, A. und J.H.B. Benner (1998): International Benchmark Study on Renewable Energy. Final Report to the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs. Rotterdam: Consultants on Energy and Environment, CEA.
Varone, Frédéric und Bernard Aebischer (1999): From national policies to global market transformations: the challenges of (international) policy design. Paper read at European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy Summer Study.
Varone, Frédéric und Bernard Aebischer (2001): Energy efficiency: the challenges of policy design. In: Energy Policy 29 (8): 615–629.
Vig, Norman J., and Regina S. Axelrod (Hrsg.) (1999): The global environment: institutions, law, and policy. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly.
Vig, N. J., and M. E. Kraft (Hrsg.) (1997): Environmental policies in the 1990s. Reform or reaction?. Washington, D.C.: CQ Press.
Walker, Jack L (1969): The diffusion of innovations among American states. In: American Political Science Review 63:880–899.
Weale, Albert (1992): The new politics of pollution. Manchester/New York: Manchester University Press.
Weale, Albert (1997): United Kingdom. In: Jänicke und Weidner (1997b).
Weidner, Helmut (1995): Reduction in SO2 and NO2 Emissions from Stationary Sources in Japan. In Jänicke und Weidner (1995).
Weidner, Helmut (2002): Pioneers. Paper read at International Symposium on Pioneers in Environmental Policy Making, 18–19 October, at Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin.
Weidner, Helmut und Martin Jänicke (Hrsg.) (2002): Capacity building in national environmental policy. A comparative study of 17 countries. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer.
Weidner, Helmut und Martin Jänicke (2002): Summary: Environmental capacity building in a converging world. In: Weidner und Jänicke (2002).
Wey, Klaus-Georg (1982): Umweltpolitik in Deutschland. Kurze Geschichte des Umweltschutzes in Deutschland seit 1900. Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag.
Wiel, Stephen, Laura Van Wie McGrory und Harrington Lloyd (2002): Energy efficiency standards and labels in North America: opportunities for harmonization. Paper read at American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy Summer Study, August 18–23, at Pacific Grove.
Wiel, Stephen und James McMahon (2001): Energy efficiency labels and standards. A guidebook for appliances, equipment and lightning. Washington, D.C.: Collaborative Lablelling and Appliance Standards Program (CLASP).
Wilensky, Harold, Gregory M. Luebbert, Susanne Reed Hahn und Adrienne M. Jamieson (1987): Comparative social policy: theories, methods, findings. In: Dierkes et al. (1987): 381–457.
Wilkenfeld, George (1996): Electrical appliance energy labelling and minimum energy performance standards for Pacific Island nations: baseline study. Report to the Forum Secretariat Energy Division. Sydney: George Wilkenfeld and Associates.
Wilkinson, David (1997): The Drafting of National Environmental Policy Plans: The UK Experience. In Jänicke et al. (1997).
Windhoff-Héritier, Adrienne (1987): Policy-Analyse. Eine Einführung. Frankfurt a. M., New York: Campus.
Winward, John, Pernille Schiellerup und Brenda Boardman (1998): Cool labels. The first three years of the European Energy Label. Oxford: University of Oxford.
World Bank (1991): Environmental assessment. Operational Directive 4.01. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.
World Energy Council (2001a): Energy efficiency policies and indicators. A report by the World Energy Council (2 vols. London: World Energy Council.
World Energy Council (2001b): Energy efficiency policies and indicators. A report by the World Energy Council. 2 vols. Vol. 1. London: World Energy Council.
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2005 VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften/GWV Fachverlage GmbH, Wiesbaden
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Busch, PO., Jörgens, H. (2005). Globale Ausbreitungsmuster umweltpolitischer Innovationen. In: Tews, K., Jänicke, M. (eds) Die Diffusion umweltpolitischer Innovationen im internationalen System. Forschung Politik. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-80813-4_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-80813-4_3
Publisher Name: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften
Print ISBN: 978-3-531-14830-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-322-80813-4
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Science (German Language)