Zusammenfassung
Soziale Ausgrenzung und europäische Städte stehen als eigenes Thema erneut auf der Agenda der Sozialwissenschaften. In den letzten Jahren hat es einen deutlichen Zuwachs an Literatur gegeben; beleuchtet wurden sowohl die Bedeutung des Konzepts (trotz der Unklarheiten) als auch die Besonderheit des städtischen Europas im Vergleich.2 Dieses wachsende Interesse an sozialer Ausgrenzung und Differenz ist Ergebnis empirischer Forschung und einer wissenschaftlichen Debatte über die Ende der 1970er-Jahre einsetzenden Transformationsprozesse und Trends sowie über die daraus resultierende zunehmende Diversität auf unterschiedlichen innerstaatlichen Ebenen. Die tiefreichenden regionalen Umstrukturierungsprozesse, die nach der Krise des Fordismus einsetzten, führten zu Veränderungen, die in augenscheinlich widersprüchlichen, zum Teil aber auch parallel verlaufende Richtungen gingen. Aus ökonomischer Sicht wirkte sich die umfassende Globalisierung der Produktionsstrategien und des Verbraucherverhaltens zusammen mit der zunehmenden Konzentration der Produktion in regionalen Ökonomien und Industriegebieten auf der lokalen Ebene unterschiedlich aus; es gab Gewinner und Verlierer. Aus politischer Sicht waren mit dem Aufstieg supranationaler Institutionen und politischer Formationen (z. B. Europäische Union, Weltwirtschaftsfonds, Welthandelsorganisation), die bei der Förderung der Mobilität von Kapital, Waren, Dienstleistungen und Flexibilität der Arbeit die strategische Führung übernahmen, eine Verengung der finanziellen Ressourcen und eine Verlagerung von Regelungskompetenzen auf Ebenen unterhalb des Nationalstaats — d. h. auf die Ebene der Regionen und Städte — verbunden.
Dieser Beitrag ist eine gekürzte und überarbeitete Fassung der Einleitung zum Band Y. Kazepov (2004). Er wurde von Irmgard Hölscher aus dem Englischen übersetzt.
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Kazepov, Y. (2004). Soziale Ausgrenzung in den Städten im europäischen Vergleich und die Bedeutung des Sozialstaates. In: Hanesch, W., Krüger-Conrad, K. (eds) Lokale Beschäftigung und Ökonomie. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-80586-7_3
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