Abstract
The performance comparison of two head-controlled interaction systems was made using a multi-directional tapping test on the basis of Fitts’ paradigm, as recommended by ISO 9241-9 standard. Both investigated input systems were based on head position and movements visual recognition by a camera and a special software. The study was made on the sample of 14 healthy subjects without motoric deficiencies, with counterbalanced within-subject experiment design. Both systems were marked by similar error rates (average 23.45%), while their throughput values were significantly different (0.67 versus 1.92 bit/s). Additionally, a comparison of performance characteristics with several other head activated systems was made by means of a literature review.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Fitts, P.M.: The information capacity of the human motor system in controlling the amplitude of movement. J. Exp. Psychol. 47(6), 381–391 (1954)
Soukoreff, R.W., MacKenzie, I.S.: Towards a standard for pointing device evaluation, perspectives on 27 years of Fitts’ law research in HCI. J. Hum.-Comput. Stud. 61(6), 751–789 (2004)
Douglas, S.A., Kirkpatrick, A.E., MacKenzie, I.S.: Testing pointing device performance and user assessment with the ISO9241, Part 9 standard. In: Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems CHI 1999, pp. 215–222. ACM, New York (1999)
International Organization for Standardization (ISO): ISO 9241–9. 2000. Ergonomics Requirements for Office Work with Visual Display Terminals (VDTs) – Part 9: Requirements for Non-Keyboard Input Devices. International Organization for Standardization (2002)
International Organization for Standardization (ISO): ISO 9241–411. 2012. Ergonomics of Human-System Interaction – Part 411: Evaluation Methods for the Design of Physical Input Devices. International Organization for Standardization (2012)
Müller-Tomfelde, C.: Dwell-based pointing in applications of human computer interaction. In: Baranauskas, C., Palanque, P., Abascal, J., Barbosa, S.D.J. (eds.) Human-Computer Interaction – INTERACT 2007, vol. 4662. Springer, Berlin (2007)
Majaranta, P., Räihä, K.J.: Text entry by gaze: Utilizing eye-tracking. In: MacKenzie, I.S., Tanaka-Ishii, K. (eds.) Text Entry Systems: Mobility, Accessibility, Universality, pp. 175–187. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco (2007)
Majaranta, P., Ahola, U.K., Špakov, O.: Fast gaze typing with an adjustable dwell time. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2009), pp. 357–360. ACM, New York (2009)
Špakov, O., Miniotas, D.: On-line adjustment of dwell time for target selection by gaze. In: Proceedings of the Third Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (NordiCHI 2004), pp. 203–206. ACM, New York (2004)
Majaranta, P., MacKenzie, I.S., Aula, A., Räihä, K.J.: Effects of feedback and dwell time on eye typing speed and accuracy. Univ. Access Inf. Soc. 5(2), 199–208 (2006)
Räihä, K.J., Ovaska, S.: An exploratory study of eye typing fundamentals: dwell time, text entry rate, errors, and workload. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2012), pp. 3001–3010. ACM, New York (2012)
Magee, J., Felzer, T., MacKenzie, I.S.: Camera Mouse + ClickerAID: Dwell vs. single-muscle click actuation in mouse-replacement interfaces. In: Antona, M., Stephanidis, C. (eds,) Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Access to Today’s Technologies. UAHCI 2015, vol. 9175. Springer, Cham (2015)
Zuniga, R., Magee, J.: Camera Mouse: dwell vs. computer vision-based intentional click activation. In: Antona, M., Stephanidis, C. (eds.) Universal Access in Human–Computer Interaction. Designing Novel Interactions. UAHCI 2017, vol. 10278, pp. 455–464. Springer, Cham (2017)
Camera Mouse website. http://www.cameramouse.org/. Accessed 20 May 2018
Betke, M., Gips, J., Fleming, P.: The camera mouse: visual tracking of body features to provide computer access for people with severe disabilities. IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng. 10(1), 1–10 (2002)
Face Controller website. http://www.face-controller.com/. Accessed 10 May 2018
FittsStudy https://depts.washington.edu/madlab/proj/fittsstudy/. Accessed 19 May 2018
Wobbrock, J.O., Jansen, A., Shinohara, K.: Modeling and predicting pointing errors in two dimensions. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1653–1656. ACM (2011)
Wobbrock, J.O., Shinohara, K., Jansen, A.: The effects of task dimensionality, endpoint deviation, throughput calculation, and experiment design on pointing measures and models. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1639–1648. ACM (2011)
International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ISO 9241-11:2002, Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 11: Guidance on usability (2002)
Thomas, P.R.: Performance, characteristics, and error rates of cursor control devices for aircraft cockpit interaction. Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Stud. 109, 41–53 (2018)
Mackenzie, I.S.: Fitts’ Throughput and the remarkable case of touch-based target selection. In: Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics, vol. 9170, pp. 238–249 (2015)
Bian, Z.P., Hou, J., Chau, L.P., Magnenat-Thalmann, N.: Facial position and expression-based human-computer interface for persons with tetraplegia. IEEE J. Biomed. Health Inform. 20(3), 915–924 (2016)
Javanovic, R., MacKenzie, I.S.: MarkerMouse: mouse cursor control using a head-mounted marker. In: Miesenberger, K., Klaus, J., Zagler, W., Karshmer, A. (eds.) Computers Helping People with Special Needs. ICCHP 2010, vol. 6180. Springer, Berlin (2010)
De Silva, G.C., Lyons, M.J., Kawato, S., Tetsutani, N.: Human factors evaluation of a vision-based facial gesture interface. In: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop, CVPRW 2003, vol. 5. IEEE, Madison (2003)
Velasco, M.A, Clemotte, A., Raya, R., Ceres, C., Rocon E.: Human-computer interaction for users with cerebral palsy based on head orientation. Can cursor’s movement be modeled by Fitts’s law? Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Stud. 106, 1–9 (2017)
Manresa-Yee, C., Varona, J., Perales, F.J., Salinas, I.: Design recommendations for camera-based head-controlled interfaces that replace the mouse for motion-impaired users. Univ. Access Inf. Soc. 13(4), 471–482 (2014)
Cuaresma, J., Mackenzie, I.S.: FittsFace: exploring navigation and selection methods for facial tracking. In: Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics, vol. 10278, pp. 403–416 (2017)
Tuisku, O., Rantanen, V., Špakov, O., Surakka, V., Lekkala, J.: Pointing and selecting with facial activity. Interact. Comput. 28(1), 1–12 (2016)
Acknowledgement
We thank the Polish society “Association for Your New Opportunities” (Stowarzyszenie “Twoje nowe możliwości”) for making Face Controller system available for our usability testing. Special thanks for students Karolina Bochenek and Sandra Trzeciak for their cooperation.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Kuliński, M., Jach, K. (2019). Performance Comparison of Two Head-Controlled Computer Interaction Systems with a Multi-directional Tapping Task. In: Borzemski, L., Świątek, J., Wilimowska, Z. (eds) Information Systems Architecture and Technology: Proceedings of 39th International Conference on Information Systems Architecture and Technology – ISAT 2018. ISAT 2018. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 852. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99981-4_20
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99981-4_20
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-99980-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-99981-4
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)