Abstract
Ion lasers are similar to atomic gas lasers with the difference that the laser transition occurs in ions, i.e. atoms in which the number of electrons is less than the number of protons in the nucleus, resulting in a positive net charge. Like in atoms, the residual electrons in ions can be excited, while relaxation to lower states involves the emission of light. As every atom can be converted into different ions by the ionization of one or more electrons, a multitude of additional emission lines can be produced.
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Further Reading
C.E Little, Metal Vapour Lasers (Wiley, 1999)
B.E. Cherrington, Gaseous Electronics and Gas Lasers (Pergamon Press, 1979)
C.S. Willett, Introduction to Gas Lasers: Population Inversion Mechanisms (Pergamon Press, 1974)
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Eichler, H.J., Eichler, J., Lux, O. (2018). Ion Lasers. In: Lasers. Springer Series in Optical Sciences, vol 220. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99895-4_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99895-4_5
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