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Perioperative Psychiatric Conditions and Their Treatment in Children and Adolescents

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Perioperative Psychiatry

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Abstract

Approximately four million surgical procedures are performed in children annually ranging from elective to life-saving surgeries. This chapter focuses on four common psychiatric conditions in the perioperative period: anxiety, depression, delirium, and aggression. We provide an overview of our current understanding of these conditions, discuss tools for assessment, and outline treatment options across different pediatric age groups.

The focus of this chapter is perioperative psychiatric conditions and their management in children and adolescents. We begin by reviewing the most common surgeries performed in children. Next, we discuss the four most common psychiatric conditions physicians face in the perioperative period. Discussion of management will then proceed in the “Treatment” section.

Surgery can be a stressful and traumatic experience for children and also for their caregivers, and as a result it could lead to anxiety and fear. Understanding the psychological impact of surgery in the context of the pediatric patient’s developmental stage is necessary to minimize or, in the best of cases, overcome these stressful experiences. Regardless of the type of surgery, non-pharmacological and occasionally pharmacological preparation is useful in reducing psychological burden in this patient population and prevent lasting emotional trauma.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA

    Orna Alpert

  2. Department of Psychiatry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA

    Imran Iqbal

  3. Children Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Gabriela Andrade

  4. Metro Health Care, Cleveland, OH, USA

    Raman Marwaha

  5. Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA

    Johnathan Ebben & Katherine Zappia

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  1. Orna Alpert
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  2. Imran Iqbal
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  3. Gabriela Andrade
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  4. Raman Marwaha
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  5. Johnathan Ebben
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  6. Katherine Zappia
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT, USA

    Paula C. Zimbrean

  2. Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA

    Mark A. Oldham

  3. Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA

    Hochang Benjamin Lee

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Alpert, O., Iqbal, I., Andrade, G., Marwaha, R., Ebben, J., Zappia, K. (2019). Perioperative Psychiatric Conditions and Their Treatment in Children and Adolescents. In: Zimbrean, P., Oldham, M., Lee, H. (eds) Perioperative Psychiatry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99774-2_15

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99774-2_15

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