Skip to main content

Syntactic Knowledge for Natural Language Inference in Portuguese

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Computational Processing of the Portuguese Language (PROPOR 2018)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNAI,volume 11122))

Abstract

Natural Language Inference (NLI) is the task of detecting relations such as entailment, contradiction and paraphrase in pairs of sentences. With the recent release of the ASSIN corpus, NLI in Portuguese is now getting more attention. However, published results on ASSIN have not explored syntactic structure, neither combined word embedding metrics with other types of features. In this work, we sought to remedy this gap, proposing a new model for NLI that achieves 0.72 F\(_1\) score on ASSIN, setting a new state of the art. Our feature analysis shows that word embeddings and syntactic knowledge are both important to achieve such results.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Available at nilc.icmc.usp.br/assin/.

  2. 2.

    More information at http://universaldependencies.org.

  3. 3.

    More information at http://spacy.io.

  4. 4.

    The DELAF-PB dictionary maps inflected word forms to lemmas, according to their part-of-speech tag. More information at http://www.nilc.icmc.usp.br/nilc/projects/unitex-pb/web/dicionarios.html.

  5. 5.

    More information at http://www.nltk.org.

References

  1. Agirre, E., et al.: SemEval-2015 Task 2: semantic textual similarity, English, Spanish and pilot on interpretability. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation, SemEval 2015, pp. 252–263. Association for Computational Linguistics (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Alves, A.O., Oliveira, H.G., Rodrigues, R.: ASAPP e Reciclagem no ASSIN: Alinhamento Semântico Automático de Palavras aplicado ao Português. Linguamática 8(2), 43–58 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Barbosa, L., Cavalin, P., Martins, B., Guimarães, V., Kormaksson, M.: Blue Man Group no ASSIN: Usando Representações Distribuídas para Similaridade Semântica e Inferência Textual. Linguamática 8(2), 15–22 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Bowman, S.R., Angeli, G., Potts, C., Manning, C.D.: A large annotated corpus for learning natural language inference. In: Proceedings of the 2015 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, EMNLP, pp. 632–642. The Association for Computational Linguistics (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Chen, Q., Zhu, X., Ling, Z.H., Wei, S., Jiang, H., Inkpen, D.: Enhanced LSTM for natural language inference. In: Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Long Papers, vol. 1, pp. 1657–1668. Association for Computational Linguistics (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Dagan, I., Glickman, O., Magnini, B.: The PASCAL recognising textual entailment challenge. In: Quiñonero-Candela, J., Dagan, I., Magnini, B., d’Alché-Buc, F. (eds.) MLCW 2005. LNCS, vol. 3944, pp. 177–190. Springer, Heidelberg (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/11736790_9

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  7. Dagan, I., Roth, D., Sammons, M., Zanzotto, F.M.: Recognizing Textual Entailment: Models and Applications. Synthesis Lectures on Human Language Technologies. Morgan & Claypool, San Rafael (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Feitosa, D.B., Pinheiro, V.C.: Análise de medidas de similaridade semântica na tarefa de reconhecimento de implicação textual. In: Proceedings of Symposium in Information and Human Language Technology (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Fialho, P., Marques, R., Martins, B., Coheur, L., Quaresma, P.: INESC-ID no ASSIN: measuring semantic similarity and recognizing textual entailment. Linguamática 8(2), 33–42 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Fonseca, E.R., dos Santos, L.B., Criscuolo, M., Aluísio, S.M.: Visão Geral da Avaliação de Similaridade Semântica e Inferência Textual. Linguamática 8(2), 3–13 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Hartmann, N.S.: Solo queue no ASSIN: mix of a traditional and an emerging approaches. Linguamática 8(2), 59–64 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Manning, C.D., Surdeanu, M., Bauer, J., Finkel, J., Bethard, S.J., McClosky, D.: The Stanford CoreNLP natural language processing toolkit. In: Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL) System Demonstrations, pp. 55–60 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Marelli, M., Menini, S., Baroni, M., Bentivogli, L., Bernardi, R., Zamparelli, R.: A SICK cure for the evaluation of compositional distributional semantic models. In: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, pp. 216–223. European Language Resources Association (ELRA) (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  14. de Paiva, V., Rademaker, A., de Melo, G.: OpenWordNet-PT: an open Brazilian WordNet for reasoning. In: Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, COLING 2012, pp. 353–360 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Pedregosa, F., et al.: Scikit-learn: machine learning in Python. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 12, 2825–2830 (2011)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  16. Pennington, J., Socher, R., Manning, C.D.: Glove: global vectors for word representation. In: Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, EMNLP, pp. 1532–1543 (2014). http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D14-1162

  17. Rocha, G., Cardoso, L.H.: Recognizing textual entailment: challenges in the Portuguese language. Information 9(4), 76 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Shen, T., Zhou, T., Long, G., Jiang, J., Pan, S., Zhang, C.: DiSAN: directional self-attention network for RNN/CNN-free language understanding. ArXiv e-prints (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Zanoli, R., Colombo, S.: A transformation-driven approach for recognizing textual entailment. Nat. Lang. Eng. 23(4), 507–534 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Zhang, K., Shasha, D.: Simple fast algorithms for the editing distance between trees and related problems. SIAM J. Comput. 18, 1245–1262 (1989)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by FAPESP grant 2013/22973-0.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Erick Fonseca .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Fonseca, E., Aluísio, S.M. (2018). Syntactic Knowledge for Natural Language Inference in Portuguese. In: Villavicencio, A., et al. Computational Processing of the Portuguese Language. PROPOR 2018. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11122. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99722-3_25

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99722-3_25

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-99721-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-99722-3

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics