Skip to main content

Impact of Structural Damage Zones on Slope Stability: A Case Study from Mandakini Valley, Uttarakhand State (India)

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Tectonics and Structural Geology: Indian Context

Part of the book series: Springer Geology ((SPRINGERGEOL))

Abstract

We map structural damage zone along the Mandakini River from Sonparyag to Kund, Higher Himalaya. We present the relationship between structural damage zones and slope stability. Different kind of shear zone rocks/damage zone rocks; mylonitic gneiss, mylonitic augen gneiss, ultramylonite, protomylonite and phyllonite are present. A major tectonic structure: the Munsiari Thrust (MT) or Main Central Thrust-1 (MCT-1) passes near the Kund village and that thrust zone is more prone for landslides. Damage zone areas are more unstable and vulnerable for landslides. To confirm our field observation, slope kinematics analysis for type of failure and slope mass rating (SMR) are performed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Ambrosi C, Crosta GB (2011) Valley slope influence on deformation mechanisms of rock slopes. In: Jaboyedoff M (ed) Slope tectonics, vol 351. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, pp 215–233

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Badger TC (2002) Fracturing within anticlines and its kinematic control on slope stability. Environmental & Engineering Geoscience 8, 19–33

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bieniawski ZT (1989) Engineering rock mass classification. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Bose N, Dutta D, Mukherjee S (2018) Role of grain-size in phyllonitisation: Insights from mineralogy, microstructures, strain analyses and numerical modeling. Journal of Structural Geology 112, 39–52

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brencich A, Cassini G, Pera D, Riotto G (2013) Calibration and reliability of the rebound (Schmidt) hammer test. Civil Engineering and Architecture 1, 66–78

    Google Scholar 

  • Brideau M-A, Stead D, Couture R (2006) Structural and engineering geology of the east gate landslide, Purcell mountains, British Columbia, Canada. Engineering Geology 84, 183–206

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Caine JS, Evans JP, Forster CB (1996) Fault zone architecture and permeability structure. Geology 24, 1025–1028

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chester FM, Logan JM (1986) Implications for mechanical properties of brittle faults from observations of the Punchbowl fault zone, California. Pure and Applied Geophysics 124, 79–106

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Childs C, Manzocchi T, Walsh JJ, Bonson CG, Nicol A, Schöpfer MPJ (2009) A geometric model of fault zone and fault rock thickness variations. Journal of Structural Geology 31, 117–127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Choi JH, Edwards P, Ko K, Kim YS (2016) Definition and classification of fault damage zones: a review and a new methodological approach. Earth-Science Reviews 152, 70–87

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cowie PA, Scholz CH (1992) Growth of faults by accumulation of seismic slip. Journal of Geophysical Research 97, 11085–11095

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dasgupta S, Mukherjee S (2017) Brittle shear tectonics in a narrow continental rift: asymmetric non-volcanic Barmer basin (Rajasthan, India). The Journal of Geology 125, 561–591

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flodin EA, Aydin A (2004) Evolution of a strike-slip fault network, Valley of Fire State Park, southern Nevada. Geological Society of America Bulletin 116, 42–59

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghosh SK (1993) Structural geology, fundamentals and modern developments, vol 1. Pergamon Press, p 598

    Google Scholar 

  • Gupta V, Bist KS (2004) The 23 September 2003 Varunavat Parvat landslide in Uttarkashi city, Uttaranchal. Current Science 87, 1600–1605

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoek E, Bray J (1981) Rock slope engineering. The Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, London

    Google Scholar 

  • International Society for Rock Mechanics (ISRM) (1978) Suggested methods for the quantitative description of discontinuities in a rock mass. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts 6, 319–368

    Google Scholar 

  • ISRM (1981) Suggested methods for determining hardness and abrasiveness of rocks. Rock characterization, testing and monitoring: ISRM suggested methods. Pergamon, Oxford, pp 95–96

    Google Scholar 

  • ISRM (2007) The complete ISRM suggested methods for rock characterization, testing and monitoring: 1974–2006. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Jamison WR, Stearns DW (1982) Tectonic deformation of Wingate Sandstone, Colorado National Monument. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 66, 2584–2608

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim YS, Peacock DCP, Sanderson DJ (2004a) Fault damage zones. Structural Geology 26, 503–517

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim YS, Peacock DCP, Sanderson DJ (2004b) Fault damage zones. Structural Geology 26, 503–517

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar M, Rana S, Pant PD, Patel RC (2017) Slope stability analysis of Balia Nala landslide, Kumaun Lesser Himalaya, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 9, 150–158

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McGrath AG, Davison I (1995) Damage zone geometry around fault tips. Structural Geology 17, 1011–1024

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mukherjee S (2010a) Structures in Meso- and Micro-scales in the Sutlej section of the Higher Himalayan Shear Zone, Indian Himalaya. e-Terra 7, 1–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Mukherjee S (2010b) Microstructures of the Zanskar Shear Zone. E-journal: Earth Science India 3, 9–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Mukherjee S (2011) Mineral fish: their morphological classification, usefulness as shear sense indicators and genesis. International Journal of Earth Sciences 100, 1303–1314

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mukherjee S (2013a) Channel flow extrusion model to constrain dynamic viscosity and Prandtl number of the Higher Himalayan Shear Zone. International Journal of Earth Sciences 102, 1811–1835

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mukherjee S (2013) Deformation microstructures in rocks. Springer Geochemistry/Mineralogy, Berlin, pp 1–111. ISBN 978-3-642-25608-0

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Mukherjee S (2014) Atlas of shear zone structures in Meso-scale. Springer, Berlin, pp 1–128. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00089-3

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Mukherjee S (2015a) A review on out-of-sequence deformation in the Himalaya. In: Mukherjee S, Carosi R, van der Beek P, Mukherjee BK, Robinson D (eds) Tectonics of the Himalaya, vol 412. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, pp 67–109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mukherjee S (2015) Atlas of structural geology. Elsevier. Amsterdam. ISBN: 978-0-12-420152-1

    Google Scholar 

  • Mukherjee S (2017) Review on symmetric structures in ductile shear zones. International Journal of Earth Sciences 106, 1453–1468

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mukherjee S (2019) Introduction to “Tectonics and Structural Geology: Indian Context”. In: Mukherjee S (ed) Tectonics and structural geology: Indian context. Springer International Publishing AG, Cham, pp 1–5. ISBN: 978-3-319-99340-9

    Google Scholar 

  • Mukherjee S, Koyi HA (2010a) Higher Himalayan Shear Zone, Zanskar Section- microstructural studies & extrusion mechanism by a combination of simple shear & channel flow. International Journal of Earth Sciences 99, 1083–1110

    Google Scholar 

  • Mukherjee S, Koyi HA (2010b) Higher Himalayan Shear Zone, Sutlej section- structural geology & extrusion mechanism by various combinations of simple shear, pure shear & channel flow in shifting modes. International Journal of Earth Sciences 99, 1267–1303

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mukherjee S, Koyi HA, Talbot CJ (2012) Implications of channel flow analogue models in extrusion of the Higher Himalayan Shear Zone with special reference to the out-of-sequence thrusting. International Journal of Earth Sciences 101, 253–272

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mukherjee S, Punekar J, Mahadani T, Mukherjee R (2015) A review on intrafolial folds and their morphologies from the detachments of the western Indian Higher Himalaya. In: Mukherjee S, Mulchrone KF (eds) Ductile Shear Zones: From Micro- to Macro-scales. Wiley Blackwell, pp 182–205

    Google Scholar 

  • Panikkar SV, Subramanyan V (1997) Landslide hazard analysis of the area around DehraDun and Mussoorie, Uttar Pradesh. Current Science 73, 1117–1123

    Google Scholar 

  • Pant PD, Luirei K (1999) Malpa rockfalls of 18 August 1998 in the Northeastern Kumaun Himalaya. Journal of the Geological Society of India 54, 415–420

    Google Scholar 

  • Paul SK, Mahajan AK (1999) Malpa rockfall disaster, Kali valley, Kumaun Himalaya. Current Science 76, 485–487

    Google Scholar 

  • Peacock DCP, Nixon CW, Rotevatn A, Sanderson DJ, Zuluaga LF (2017) Interacting faults. Journal of Structural Geology 97, 1–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Puniya MK, Joshi P, Pant PD (2013) Geological investigation of Nainital Bypass: a special emphasis on slope stability analysis, Kumaun Lesser Himalaya. In: Himalayan vulnerability, Uttarakhand, 2013: learning for planning and action. Xpressions Print & Graphics Pvt. Ltd. pp 65–72

    Google Scholar 

  • Romana M (1985) New adjustment ratings for application of Bieniawski classification to slopes. In: Proceedings of the international symposium on the role of rock mechanics in excavations for mining and civil works. International Society of Rock Mechanics, Zacatecas, pp 49–53

    Google Scholar 

  • Sah N, Kumar M, Upadhyay R, Dutt S (2018) Hill slope instability of Nainital City. Kumaun Lesser Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2017.09.011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shipton ZK, Cowie PA (2001) Damage zone and slip-surface evolution over mm to km scales in high-porosity Navajo sandstone, Utah. Journal of Structural Geology 23, 1823–1844

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shipton ZK, Cowie PA (2003) A conceptual model for the origin of fault damage zone structures in high-porosity sandstone. Journal of Structural Geology 25, 333–344

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stead D, Eberhardt E (2013a) Understanding the mechanics of large landslides. Italian Journal of Engineering Geology and Environment Book Series (6), 85–108

    Google Scholar 

  • Stead D, Eberhardt E (2013b) Understanding the mechanics of large landslides. Italian Journal of Engineering Geology and Environment, 85–109

    Google Scholar 

  • Stead D, Wolter A (2015) A critical review of rock slope failure mechanism: the importance of structural geology. Journal of structural Geology 74, 1–23

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Valdiya KS (1980) Geology of Kumaun Lesser Himalaya. Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun

    Google Scholar 

  • Vanik N, Shaikh H, Mukherjee S, Maurya DM, Chamyal LS (2018) Post-Deccan trap stress reorientation under transpression: evidence from fault slip analyses from SW Saurashtra, western India. Journal of Geodynamics, 121, 9–19

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Authors are very thankful to the Department of Geography, DSB Campus Kumaun University Nainital to provide the necessary facility for the research. Authors are also very thanking to the NRDMS, Department of Science and Technology to the financial assistance in the project no. NRDMS/06/11/015 (G) Dt. 11.08.2015 “Large Scale Geological-Geomorphological Mapping of Rudraprayag-Sonprayag Area, Mandakini valley National highway No.109. Reviewing and editorial handling by Soumyajit Mukherjee. This work is summarized in Mukherjee (2019). The Springer team is thanked for assistance in proofreading.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohit Kumar .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Kumar, M., Joshi, R.C., Pant, P.D. (2019). Impact of Structural Damage Zones on Slope Stability: A Case Study from Mandakini Valley, Uttarakhand State (India). In: Mukherjee, S. (eds) Tectonics and Structural Geology: Indian Context. Springer Geology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99341-6_14

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics