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Physiological and Pathological Vascular Aging

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Biophysical Regulation of Vascular Differentiation and Assembly

Part of the book series: Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering ((BIOMEDICAL))

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Abstract

Aging is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Through aging, blood vessels become stiffer, less elastic, and, thus, with less ability to contract. The objectives of this chapter are to review (1) recent progresses in the characterization of physiological and pathological vascular aging and (2) in vitro platforms to study vascular aging. Initially, we will discuss the causes and biomarkers of vascular aging. Then we will discuss the main characteristics related to physiological and pathological aging including (1) altered ECM remodeling (e.g., composition, mechanical properties, degradation, calcification of the ECM during aging); (2) enhanced fibrosis (e.g., causes and mechanisms); (3) vascular cell dysfunction triggered by chronic oxidative stress, inflammation, or senescence; and (4) altered responses of vascular cells to flow shear stress. Finally, we will discuss in vitro systems to study vascular aging, particularly the effect of biomechanics in aged cells as well as the effect of drugs during vascular aging.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

    Patrícia R. Pitrez, Helena R. Aires, Inês Tomé & Lino Ferreira

  2. Center of Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

    Rita Sá Ferreira & Lino Ferreira

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  1. Patrícia R. Pitrez
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  2. Helena R. Aires
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  3. Inês Tomé
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  4. Rita Sá Ferreira
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  5. Lino Ferreira
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Correspondence to Lino Ferreira .

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  1. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences–Oncology Center and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Sharon Gerecht

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Pitrez, P.R., Aires, H.R., Tomé, I., Ferreira, R.S., Ferreira, L. (2018). Physiological and Pathological Vascular Aging. In: Gerecht, S. (eds) Biophysical Regulation of Vascular Differentiation and Assembly. Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99319-5_3

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