Abstract
Natural zoogeographic distribution of the trace-producing endobenthic organisms with reference to environmental attributes and geomorphic features primarily control the distribution and relative abundance of their traces or lebensspuren that define distinctive ichnological zones (or ichnozones) and constituent subzones. Two broad environmental ichnozones, named as coastal and lower estuarine ichnozones , have been recognized in the study area. These zones include subzones defined by specific organism(s) and their traces. Most of the Bay of Bengal ichnozones and subzones are attributable to diagnostic coastal subenvironments and geomorphic settings. For example, Uca-Turritella-Telescopium subzone of the backswamps and upper intertidal pellet spread subzone within the coastal ichnozone. This chapter deals with detailed characterization of the ichnozones and subzones with the help of wide field database that includes location maps of the sampled lebensspuren and representative ichnoprofile sections across the five reference beach sectors.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
De C (1993) Insect burrow as an index of semi-desertic inter-dunal trough environment. News GSI (CHQ) 23(4):18
De C (2000) Neoichnological activities of endobenthic invertebrates in downdrift coastal Ganges Delta complex, India: their significance in trace Fossil interpretations and palaeoshoreline Reconstructions. Ichnos 7:89–113
De C (2005) Biophysical model of intertidal beach crab burrowing: application and significance. Ichnos 12:11–29
De C (2009) The Vindhyan Ediacaran fossil and trace fossil assemblages: their insight into early metazoan palaeobiology, palaeobiogeography and Vindhyan biostratigraphy. Ind J Geosc 63(1):11–40
Dörjes J (1972) Georgia coastal region, Sapelo Island, USA. Sedimentology and biology, VII. Distribution and zonation of macrobenthic animals. Senckenberg marit 4:183–216
Dörjes J (1978) Sedimentologische und faunistische Untersuchungen an Watteni in Taiwan. II. Faunistische und aktuopaleontologische Studien. Senckenberg marit 10:117–143
Dörjes J, Hertweck G (1975) Recent biocoenoses and ichnocoenoses in shallow water marine environments. In: Frey RW (ed) The study of trace fossils. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp 459–491
Dörjes J, Howard JD (1975) Estuaries of the Georgia coast, U.S.A. sedimentology and biology. iv. Fluvial marine transition indicators in an estuarine environment, Ogeechee river, Ossabaw Sound. Senckenberg marit 7:137–179
Frey RW, Mayou TV (1971) Decapod burrows in Holocene Barrier Island, beaches and wash over fans, Georgia. Senckenberg marit 3:53–77
Hertweck G (1973) Der Golf Von Gaeta (Tyrrhenisches Meer). VI. Lebensspuren einger Bodenbewoohner and Jchnofaziesbereiche. Sencken marit 5:179–197
Mayou TV, Howard JD (1975) Estuaries of the Georgia Coast, U.S.A.: sedimentology and biology. VI. Animal-sediment relationships of a salt marsh estuary-Doboy Sound. Senckenberg mariti 7:205–236
Reineck HE, Singh IB (1971) Der Golf Von Gaeta (Tyrrhenisches Meer). III. Die Gefuge Von Vorstrand und schelfsedimenten. Senckenberg mariti 3:285–301
Reineck HE, Dorjes J, Gadow S et al (1968) Sedimentologie, Faunenzoonierung and Faziesabfolge Vor der Ostkliste der inneren Deutschen Bucht. Senckenberg Leth 49:261–309
Schäfer W (1972) Ecology and palaeoecology of marine environments. University of Chicago Press, Chicago
Seilacher A (1953) Studien zur Palichnologie II. Die Fossilen Ruhespuren(Cubiichnia). N Jb Geol Palaeonot Abh 98:87–124
Smith KM (1971) Structural and functional aspects of a sublittoral community. Ph.D. thesis, University of Georgia, Athens, p 170
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
De, C. (2019). Environmental Zonation. In: Mangrove Ichnology of the Bay of Bengal Coast, Eastern India. Springer Geology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99232-7_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99232-7_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-99231-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-99232-7
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)