Abstract
It is well known that exact notions of model abstraction and reduction for dynamical systems may not be robust enough in practice because they are highly sensitive to the specific choice of parameters. In this paper we consider this problem for nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with polynomial derivatives. We introduce approximate differential equivalence as a more permissive variant of a recently developed exact counterpart, allowing ODE variables to be related even when they are governed by nearby derivatives. We develop algorithms to (i) compute the largest approximate differential equivalence; (ii) construct an approximate quotient model from the original one via an appropriate parameter perturbation; and (iii) provide a formal certificate on the quality of the approximation as an error bound, computed as an over-approximation of the reachable set of the perturbed model. Finally, we apply approximate differential equivalences to study the effect of parametric tolerances in models of symmetric electric circuits.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abate, A., Brim, L., Češka, M., Kwiatkowska, M.: Adaptive aggregation of Markov chains: quantitative analysis of chemical reaction networks. In: Kroening, D., Păsăreanu, C.S. (eds.) CAV 2015. LNCS, vol. 9206, pp. 195–213. Springer, Cham (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21690-4_12
Althoff, M.: Reachability analysis of nonlinear systems using conservative polynomialization and non-convex sets. In: HSCC, pp. 173–182 (2013)
Althoff, M.: An introduction to CORA 2015. In: Proceedings of the Workshop on Applied Verification for Continuous and Hybrid Systems (2015)
Arand, J.: In vivo control of CpG and non-CpG DNA methylation by DNA methyltransferases. PLoS Genet. 8(6), e1002750 (2012)
Asarin, E., Dang, T., Girard, A.: Reachability analysis of nonlinear systems using conservative approximation. In: Maler, O., Pnueli, A. (eds.) HSCC 2003. LNCS, vol. 2623, pp. 20–35. Springer, Heidelberg (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-36580-X_5
Benvenuti, L., et al.: Reachability computation for hybrid systems with Ariadne. In: Proceedings of the 17th IFAC World Congress, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 8960–8965 (2008)
Bogomolov, S., Frehse, G., Grosu, R., Ladan, H., Podelski, A., Wehrle, M.: A box-based distance between regions for guiding the reachability analysis of SpaceEx. In: Madhusudan, P., Seshia, S.A. (eds.) CAV 2012. LNCS, vol. 7358, pp. 479–494. Springer, Heidelberg (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31424-7_35
Boreale, M.: Algebra, coalgebra, and minimization in polynomial differential equations. In: Esparza, J., Murawski, A.S. (eds.) FoSSaCS 2017. LNCS, vol. 10203, pp. 71–87. Springer, Heidelberg (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54458-7_5
van Breugel, F., Worrell, J.: Towards quantitative verification of probabilistic transition systems. In: Orejas, F., Spirakis, P.G., van Leeuwen, J. (eds.) ICALP 2001. LNCS, vol. 2076, pp. 421–432. Springer, Heidelberg (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-48224-5_35
Cardelli, L., Tribastone, M., Tschaikowski, M., Vandin, A.: Maximal aggregation of polynomial dynamical systems. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 114(38), 10029–10034 (2017)
Cardelli, L., Tribastone, M., Tschaikowski, M., Vandin, A.: Symbolic computation of differential equivalences. In: POPL (2016)
Chen, X., Ábrahám, E., Sankaranarayanan, S.: Flow*: an analyzer for non-linear hybrid systems. In: Sharygina, N., Veith, H. (eds.) CAV 2013. LNCS, vol. 8044, pp. 258–263. Springer, Heidelberg (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39799-8_18
Danos, V., Laneve, C.: Formal molecular biology. Theoret. Comput. Sci. 325(1), 69–110 (2004)
Donzé, A., Maler, O.: Systematic simulation using sensitivity analysis. In: Bemporad, A., Bicchi, A., Buttazzo, G. (eds.) HSCC 2007. LNCS, vol. 4416, pp. 174–189. Springer, Heidelberg (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71493-4_16
Duggirala, P.S., Mitra, S., Viswanathan, M.: Verification of annotated models from executions. In: EMSOFT, pp. 26:1–26:10. IEEE Press (2013)
Weinan, E., Li, T., Vanden-Eijnden, E.: Optimal partition and effective dynamics of complex networks. PNAS 105(23), 7907–7912 (2008)
Fan, C., Qi, B., Mitra, S., Viswanathan, M., Duggirala, P.S.: Automatic reachability analysis for nonlinear hybrid models with C2E2. In: Chaudhuri, S., Farzan, A. (eds.) CAV 2016. LNCS, vol. 9779, pp. 531–538. Springer, Cham (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41528-4_29
Girard, A., Pappas, G.: Approximate bisimulations for nonlinear dynamical systems. In: IEEE Conference on Decision and Control and European Control Conference (2005)
Iacobelli, G., Tribastone, M.: Lumpability of fluid models with heterogeneous agent types. In: DSN (2013)
Islam, M.A., et al.: Model-order reduction of ion channel dynamics using approximate bisimulation. Theor. Comput. Sci. 599, 34–46 (2015)
Iwasa, Y., Levin, S.A., Andreasen, V.: Aggregation in model ecosystems II. Approximate aggregation. Math. Med. Biol. 6(1), 1–23 (1989)
Kozlov, M., Tarasov, S., Khachiyan, L.: The polynomial solvability of convex quadratic programming. USSR Comput. Math. Math. Phys. 20(5), 223–228 (1980)
Kuo, J.C.W., Wei, J.: Lumping analysis in monomolecular reaction systems. Analysis of approximately lumpable system. Ind. Eng. Chem. Fund. 8(1), 124–133 (1969)
Lal, R., Prabhakar, P.: Bounded error flowpipe computation of parameterized linear systems. In: EMSOFT, pp. 237–246 (2015)
Larsen, K.G., Skou, A.: Bisimulation through probabilistic testing. Inf. Comput. 94(1), 1–28 (1991)
Li, G., Rabitz, H.: A general analysis of approximate lumping in chemical kinetics. Chem. Eng. Sci. 45(4), 977–1002 (1990)
Majumdar, R., Zamani, M.: Approximately bisimilar symbolic models for digital control systems. In: Madhusudan, P., Seshia, S.A. (eds.) CAV 2012. LNCS, vol. 7358, pp. 362–377. Springer, Heidelberg (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31424-7_28
Fränzle, M., Herde, C., Teige, T., Ratschan, S., Schubert, T.: Efficient solving of large non-linear arithmetic constraint systems with complex Boolean structure. J. Satisfiability Boolean Model. Comput. 1, 209–236 (2007)
Pardalos, P.M., Vavasis, S.A.: Quadratic programming with one negative eigenvalue is NP-hard. J. Global Optim. 1(1), 15–22 (1991)
Pedersen, M., Plotkin, G.D.: A language for biochemical systems: design and formal specification. In: Priami, C., Breitling, R., Gilbert, D., Heiner, M., Uhrmacher, A.M. (eds.) Transactions on Computational Systems Biology XII. LNCS, vol. 5945, pp. 77–145. Springer, Heidelberg (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11712-1_3. IEEE/ACM
Rosenfeld, J., Friedman, E.G.: Design methodology for global resonant H-Tree clock distribution networks. IEEE Trans. VLSI Syst. 15(2), 135–148 (2007)
Nedialkov, N.S.: Implementing a rigorous ODE solver through literate programming. In: Rauh, A., Auer, E. (eds.) Modeling, Design, and Simulation of Systems with Uncertainties. Mathematical Engineering, vol. 3, pp. 3–19. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15956-5_1
Tschaikowski, M., Tribastone, M.: Tackling continuous state-space explosion in a Markovian process algebra. Theor. Comput. Sci. 517, 1–33 (2014)
Tschaikowski, M., Tribastone, M.: Approximate reduction of heterogeneous nonlinear models with differential hulls. In: IEEE TAC (2016)
Acknowledgement
Luca Cardelli is partially funded by a Royal Society Research Professorship. Mirco Tribastone is supported by a DFG Mercator Fellowship (SPP 1593, DAPS2 Project). Max Tschaikowski is supported by a Lise Meitner Fellowship funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) under grant number M 2393-N32 (COCO).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Cardelli, L., Tribastone, M., Tschaikowski, M., Vandin, A. (2018). Guaranteed Error Bounds on Approximate Model Abstractions Through Reachability Analysis. In: McIver, A., Horvath, A. (eds) Quantitative Evaluation of Systems. QEST 2018. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11024. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99154-2_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99154-2_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-99153-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-99154-2
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)