Skip to main content

The Resurgence of Bazaar Entrepreneurship: ‘Ravabet-Networking’ and the Case of the Persian Carpet Trade

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover Informal Ethnic Entrepreneurship

Abstract

This paper contributes to a recent stream of research that analyses what the concept of the bazaar can offer in respect to our understanding of the new economy. It suggests that the bazaar-type economy provides interesting insights into features characterizing the new economy which is not captured by standard economic conceptualizations or the standard iconic markets, such as Wall Street. The paper builds on empirical studies from the Iranian dominated Carpet bazaar in Hamburg, Germany. Throughout the paper, the traditional and contemporary bazaar is compared to modern markets; with special attention paid to networks.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Rainer Albrecht, Die Ausländerbeauftragte, Referent für Ausländerrecht, an den Senat, Hamburg.

References

  • Aldrich, H. E., & Zimmer, C. (1986). Entrepreneurship through social networks. In D. L. Sexton & R. W. Smilor (Eds.), The art and science of entrepreneurship (pp. 3–23). Cambridge, MA: Ballinger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bu, N., & Roy, J. P. (2008). Chinese managers’ career success networks: The impact of key tie characteristics on structure and interaction practices. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 19(6), 1088–1107.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, C. C., Chen, X. P., & Huang, S. (2013). Chinese Guanxi: An integrative review and new directions for future research. Management and Organization Review, 9(1), 167–207.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dana, L.-P. (1998). Small business in Xinjiang. Asian Journal of Business & Information Systems, 3(1), 123–135.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dana, L.-P. (2000a). Economic sectors in Egypt and their managerial implications. Journal of African Business, 1(1), 65–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dana, L.-P. (2000b). Change and circumstance in Kyrgyz markets. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 3(2), 62–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dana, L.-P. (2001, December 12). Culture is of the essence in Asia. In Financial Times. Harlow: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dana, L.-P. (2008). Community-based entrepreneurship in Norway. The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 9(2), 77–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dana, L.-P. (2011). Entrepreneurship in Bolivia: An ethnographic enquiry. International Journal of Business and Emerging Markets, 3(1), 75–88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dana, L.-P. (2017). International entrepreneurship research: How it evolved and directions for the future. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 30(4), 477–489.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dana, L.-P., & Dana, T. (2003). Management and enterprise development in post-communist economies. International Journal of Management and Enterprise. Development, 1(1), 45–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dana, L.-P., & Dana, T. (2005). Expanding the scope of methodologies used in entrepreneurship research. International. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 2(1), 79–88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dana, L.-P., Etemad, H., & Wright, R. W. (1999a). Theoretical foundations of international entrepreneurship. In R. W. Wright (Ed.), International entrepreneurship: Globalization of emerging businesses (pp. 3–22). Stamford, CT: JAI Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dana, L.-P., Etemad, H., & Wright, R. W. (1999b). The impact of globalization on SMEs. Global Focus, 11(4), 93–105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dana, L.-P., Etemad, H., & Wright, R. W. (2004). Back to the future: International entrepreneurship in the new economy. In M. V. Jones & P. Dimitriatos (Eds.), Emerging paradigms in international entrepreneurship (pp. 19–34). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dana, L.-P., Etemad, H., & Wright, R. W. (2008a). Toward a paradigm of symbiotic entrepreneurship. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 5(2), 109–126.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dana, L.-P., Etemad, H., & Wright, R. W. (2008b). Toward a paradigm of symbiotic entrepreneurship. International Journal of Eentrepreneurship and Small. Business, 5(2), 109–126.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dana, L.-P., Jaouen, A., & Lasch, F. (2009). Comprendre le contexte entrepreneurial dans les pays émergents d’Asie: Une étude comparative. Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, 22(4), 483–496.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Demil, B., & Lecocq, X. (2006). Neither market nor hierarchy nor network: The emergence of bazaar governance. Organization Studies, 27(10), 1447–1466.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fanselow, F. S. (1990). The bazaar economy or how bizarre is the bazaar really? Man New Series, 25(2), 250–265.

    Google Scholar 

  • Geertz, C. (1963a). Peddlers and princes: Social development and economic change in two Indonesian towns. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Geertz, C. (1963b). Old Societies and new states. New York: The Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greve, A., & Salaff, W. (2003). Social networks and entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 28(1), 1–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hussain, J. G., Scott, J. M., Harrison, R. T., & Millman, C. (2009). Enter the dragoness: Firm growth, finance, guanxi, and gender in China. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 24(2), 137–156.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iran, F. (1994). The official publication of the Association of the Iranian Carpet Traders. Verband Iranischer Teppichhandels, Hamburg (VIT).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jensen, K. W., Rezaei, S., & Wherry, F. F. (2014). Cognitive effects on entrepreneurial intentions: A comparison of Chinese émigrés and their descendants with non-émigré Chinese. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 23(1/2), 252–277.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kollock, P. (1999). The production of trust in online markets. Advances in Group Processes, 16, 99–123.

    Google Scholar 

  • Light, I. (2007). Global entrepreneurship and transnationalism. In L. Dana (Ed.), Handbook of research on ethnic minority entrepreneurship (pp. 3–15). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.

    Google Scholar 

  • Light, I., Rezaei, S., & Dana, L.-P. (2013). Ethnic minority entrepreneurs in the international carpet trade: An empirical study. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 18(2), 125–153.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McMillan, J. (2002). Reinventing the bazaar. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pittaway, L., Robertson, M., Munir, K., Denyer, D., & Neely, A. (2004). Networking and innovation: A systematic review of the evidence. International Journal of Management Reviews, 5(6), 137–168.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Polanyi, K. (1977). The livelihood of man. New York: Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramadani, V., & Dana, L.-P. (2013). The state of entrepreneurship in the Balkans: Evidence from selected countries. In V. Ramadani & R. Schneider (Eds.), Entrepreneurship in the Balkans (pp. 217–250). Berlin: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Raymond, E. S. (2001). The cathedral and the bazaar. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly and Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rezaei, S. (2014). Solidarity-‘together, we benefit–divided, we fall. International Journal of Business and Globalisation, 13(4), 419–422.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rezaei, S. (2009). The marginalization of globally-born businesses: Ethnically divided trade in Hamburg and the world economy – The case of global Persian carpet trade through ethnic networks. American Journal of economics and Business Administration, 1(3), 79–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rezaei, S. (2010). Cross European financial networks related to Turkish immigrants and their businesses: The case of Turkish-owned commercial bank under Dutch Legislation. American Journal of Economics and Business Administration, 2(3), 253–265.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rezaei, S. (2011). Trust as a coopetitive strategy in a global co-ethnic market: Towards an empirically supported theory. International Journal of Business and Globalisation, 7(3), 256–302.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rezaei, S., Goli, M., & Dana, L.-P. (2013). Informal opportunity among SMEs: An empirical study of Denmark’s underground economy. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 19(1), 64–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rezaei, S., Goli, M., & Dana, L.-P. (2014). Beyond legal entrepreneurship: The case of Austria. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 21(2), 202–215.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rezaeizadeh, M., Hogan, M., O’Reilly, J., Cunningham, J., & Murphy, E. (2017). Core entrepreneurial competencies and their interdependencies: Insights from a study of Irish and Iranian entrepreneurs, university students and academics. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 13(1), 35–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rueda-Armengot, C., & Peris-Ortiz, M. (2012). The emigrant entrepreneur: A theoretical framework and empirical approximation. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 8(1), 99–118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schøtt, T., Cheraghi, M., Rezaei, S., & Vang, J. (2014). Innovation embedded in entrepreneurs’ networks in private and public spheres: A global study focusing on China and Denmark. International Journal Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 23(1), 145–167.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stuart, T., & Sorensen, O. (2007). Strategic networks and entrepreneurial ventures. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 1, 211–227.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zucker, L. (1986). The production of trust: Institutional sources of economic structure, 1840–1920. In B. Staw & L. L. Cummings (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior (Vol. 7, pp. 53–111).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shahamak Rezaei .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Rezaei, S., Hansen, B., Ramadani, V., Dana, LP. (2019). The Resurgence of Bazaar Entrepreneurship: ‘Ravabet-Networking’ and the Case of the Persian Carpet Trade. In: Ramadani, V., Dana, LP., Ratten, V., Bexheti, A. (eds) Informal Ethnic Entrepreneurship. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99064-4_5

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics