Abstract
Oilseed rape, Brassica napus L., is an important crop for producing edible oil, biofuel and fodder. Oilseed rape is not only useful as a commercial plant, but it also improves the structure of the heavy granulometric soil fraction, activates microbiological processes, and reduces weed growth and disease rates. Oilseed rape belongs to the oil crop group, which increases soil fertility during crop rotation. Maintenance and restoration of soil fertility is one of the most relevant topics in agronomy science. One way to increase soil fertility is to increase organic matter content. In agriculture, the amount of organic matter in the soil depends on the crops grown and the residues that they leave. Crop residues of the previous harvest left on the soil surface interfere with soil tillage and sowing operations and can cause problems during application of environmentally sustainable tillage technologies.
We review here the properties of oilseed rape residues, the effects on agrocenoses and sustainable tillage technologies. The improvement in soil quality by growing oilseed rape can be determined by measuring the amount of remaining organic matter, the chemical composition and the intensity of mineralisation and humification, which depends on the carbon and nitrogen (C: N) ratio and lignin content. The C:N ratio, of 39–55, of oilseed rape residues is favourable for decomposition, but higher than that in most agricultural plants, as the higher lignin content, of 89.5–155.6 g kg−1, slows decomposition, so the impact on the soil and plants continues longer. Oilseed rape synthesises allelochemicals such as glucosinolates and phenolic compounds that are released through the leaves and roots and penetrate the soil as the rape residues decompose. Comprehensive studies have revealed the allelopathic effects of oilseed rape. Moreover, the period from the end of harvest of one crop to the beginning of soil tillage and sowing of the new crops is very short. Crop residues do not lose their physical-mechanical properties within this short period, which exerts negative effects on the soil tillage and sowing. Experiments showed that biological preparations significantly reduce the breaking force required for spring oilseed rape residues by 39% and cutting force by 42% during the first week after harvesting.
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Kriaučiūnienė, Z., Čepulienė, R., Velička, R., Marcinkevičienė, A., Lekavičienė, K., Šarauskis, E. (2018). Oilseed Rape Crop Residues: Decomposition, Properties and Allelopathic Effects. In: Lichtfouse, E. (eds) Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 32. Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, vol 32. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98914-3_7
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