Type Two Parentela as an Instrument of Coercion

Abstract

This chapter is dedicated to the new dynamic discovered in the BPS. If the original parentela was about the party in power interfering in the civil service (in the interest of its party-insider) by means of political appointments, patronage in this case is used to mobilize the regulatory agencies to behave with party’s interest in mind. Labeled as prejudiced regulatory inspections (PRI) or type two parentela, the study discovered that under the pretext of routine inspections of the regulatory agencies, select businesses are targeted for disruption and disablement. The chapter discusses four applications of PRIs: as a mean of extortion, as an instrument to overcome one’s market competition and as an instrument to pressure political dissenters inside or out of ruling party.